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Automated cataloging: the state of the art.

The art of cataloging is in a state of constant dynamic change. The capabilities of automation are causing changes in the tools we have at our disposal, the education and training we need to work with these tools, the caliber of staff we use at various stages of the cataloging process, and the physical form of the end product of the efforts of the catalog department. But perhaps of more importance is the cooperation and sharing between libraries on both the national and international level that become possible as the result of automated systems.

Automation↗

[Scientific literature: bibliometric and bibliographic indicators as integrative criteria for an objective evaluation of research activity].

An objective evaluation of a scientific activity is required to reduce partialities and mistakes, thus allowing a more reliable judgement. Therefore, the role of scientific literature, as the most direct expression of research activity, is increasing; for a better evaluation, bibliometric and bibliographic indicators have been developed. Bibliometric indicators are based upon citation, which is a meter of the use the international scientific community makes of research results, once published. Besides the number of publications, the most important bibliometric indicators are the number of citations, the impact factor, the immediacy index, the half-life index. Bibliographic indicators are the reference of the journal or the paper by a given author, in important bibliographies of international influence. Being the evaluation by means of these indicators extremely complex, there is a need for a homogeneous regulation of the activity, at an institutional level. The presence of experts in scientometrics is also advisable, since they can provide evaluation profiles on demand, with the support of modern documentation centres. In sum, after describing bibliometric and bibliographic indicators, emphasis is put on their utility and the role they play in support of experts' judgement for a more precise evaluation of a scientific activity.

Bibliographies as Topic↗

The organization of the digital library.

As digital information proliferates and the difficulties of managing it threaten to overwhelm traditional publication and information delivery processes, new visions of a digital library are forming. Exactly what a digital library is and how it is to be organized have not yet been determined, and bibliographic organization of digital information has not been sufficiently addressed. Bibliography is the systematic description or classification of writings or publications considered as material objects. In today's digital world, such material objects may no longer be relevant, but the need for systematic description remains. The important issue is not whether digital bibliography is needed but, instead, whether or not existing bibliographic techniques are appropriate for this new media. A second issue is the location of the responsibility for a new digital bibliography. Does it rest with medical informaticians, often the producers of this new digital information, or with librarians, traditionally the classifiers of information? Developments in both medical informatics and medical librarianship indicate a need for greater collaboration between these specialties in order to achieve their common purpose--the creation, classification, and dissemination of scholarly information.

Bibliography of Medicine↗