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PubMed2005

[Determination of the bactericidal activity of blood serum by recombinant luminescence strains of Escherichia coli].

It has been experimentally proven as possible to use recombinant strains of Escherichia coli carrying the genes of luminescence of natural fluorescent bacteria in evaluating the bactericidal activity of blood serum (BABS). The shaping fluorescence inhibition was shown to be in proportion to the developing bactericidal effect in respect to the luminescent strains of Escherichia coli, which depended on a used concentration of blood serum and time of contact. The list of E. coli recombinant strains, which fit in most of all with the evaluation of BABS, was drawn. The values of the bactericidal activity of blood serum determined by the routine bacteriological and nephelometric methods were demonstrated to coincide with those determined by the worked-out bio-luminescent method.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1974

Bactericidal activity of blood of rabbits vaccinated with homologous antigens of Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio fetus).

Rabbits were vaccinated with the following Campylobacter fetus var. venerealis (Vibrio fetus) antigens: whole-cell (WC), autoclaved (A), boiled (B), and purified postgrowth broth (PGB). Bactericidal activity of freshly drawn heparinized blood against the organism was determined after each vaccination. In all cases bactericidal activity of the blood of vaccinated rabbits was higher than for nonvaccinated rabbits. The in vitro bactericidal activity of the blood was determined in two separate experiments. In experiment I the bactericidal activity of the blood of rabbits vaccinated with PGB antigen was the same as that of rabbits vaccinated with WC antigen and higher than that of rabbits vaccinated with A antigen after the third vaccination. In experiment II the bactericidal activity of blood of rabbits vaccinated with PGB antigen was the same as that of those vaccinated with WC antigen after the second and third vaccinations and higher than for rabbits vaccinated with A antigen after the third vaccination. Blood of rabbits vaccinated with A antigen was less bactericidal than blood of rabbits vaccinated with B antigen after the third vaccination, indicating the presence of a surface antigen destroyed by autoclaving but not by boiling. The in vivo and in vitro whole blood bactericidal tests are more sensitive for measuring the response of rabbits vaccinated with WC, B, A, or PGB antigens than is the plate agglutination test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Acid-base equilibrium in mother and fetus during labor and the resistance of newborn calves].

Investigated were a total of 59 cows presenting normal processes, of giving birth as well as dystocia, the time of delivery lasting 2, 10, 24, and 36 hours. Seventeen cows with dystocia were treated intravenously with 500 cm3 of a 4 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose. It was found that the changes in the pH values, alkali reserves, glycogen, and the peroxydase activity of the neutrophiles in the mothers and fetuses were dependent on the duration of parturition. Cases of difficult labour with a prolonged calving period led to lowering the pH values the alkali reserves, and the enzyme activity of leukocytes both in the cows and the newborn calves. Newborns delivered 24 and 36 hours from the beginning of the parturition act showed low resistance and had weakly expressed phagocytic and bactericidal blood activity. The intravenous application of 50 ml of a 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose to cows with dystocia up to the 10th day led to a compensatory response on behalf of the acid-base balance in the calves.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

[Efficacy of penicillin therapy of meningococcal infection in children undergoing different regimes of pathogenetic therapy].

The course of meningococcal infection and nonspecific and specific immunity in children subjected to different regimens of pathogenetic therapy were studied. It was shown that the clinico-immunological indices were more favourable in children treated with lasix as a diuretic agent. Recovery with defects was observed in 6.8 per cent of the children of this group, while in patients subjected to routine treatment the respective value amounted to 14.6 per cent. The use of lasix in combination with penicillin increased the efficacy of penicillin therapy and shortened the recovery period by 8.4 +/- 0.2 days as compared to that of routine treatment. No unfavourable effect of elevated penicillin concentrations on the lysozyme activity, blood bactericidal characteristics and composition of immunoglobulins A, M and G in the children was recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Complex surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes. II. Resistance in human blood and bactericidal activity receptors of field and collection streptococci.

A comparative study of a series of 31 epidemic streptococci and 36 collection M protein producers showed no statistically significant difference in their resistance in human blood. Even highly resistant field strains did not produce M protein (as the main bactericidal activity receptor) under laboratory conditions, however, although under natural conditions they left an anti-M response in the exposed population. Streptococcal resistance is not generally associated with M protein, but is influenced by another factor.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1960

Comparative bactericidal activities of blood serum and plasma serum.

Rabbit and human plasma can be prepared without resort to anticoagulants by employing low temperatures and non-wetting surfaces. Serum formed after clotting of rabbit plasma devoid of cells and platelets manifests essentially no bactericidal activity on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, rabbit blood serum exhibits this activity to a high degree. Rabbit plasma rich in platelets gives rise to a serum with capacity to kill these Gram-positive microbes equal to that of serum prepared from whole blood. This heat-stable antibacterial agent is efficiently formed or released when platelets are present during the coagulation of plasma, but not on incubation of platelets in heparinized or citrated plasma or in saline. Leucocytes and red cells appear to play no significant role in its production. Rabbit blood serum and plasma serum have similar heat-labile lethal effects on enteric bacilli. Human serum, whether from blood or plasma, manifests much less bactericidal activity on Bacillus subtilis than does rabbit blood serum. These findings serve to emphasize the fact that substances formed or released during coagulation of whole blood may impart to the serum activities not present in circulating plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Blood neutrophil bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus during cardiac surgery.

Whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes per se an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality after surgery as compared with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) remains a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to assess whether innate defenses against MRSA and MSSA strains are similarly impaired after cardiac surgery. Both intracellular (isolated neutrophil functions) and extracellular (plasma) defenses of 12 patients undergoing scheduled cardiac surgery were evaluated preoperatively (day 0) and postoperatively (day 3) against two MSSA strains with a low level of catalase secretion and two MRSA strains with a high level of catalase secretion, inasmuch as SA killing by neutrophils relies on oxygen-dependent mechanisms. After surgery, an increase in plasma concentration of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine able to inhibit reactive oxygen species secretion and bactericidal activity of neutrophils, was evidenced. Despite the fact that univariate analysis suggested a specific impairment of neutrophil functions against MRSA strains, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA failed to demonstrate that the effect of S. aureus phenotype was significant. On the other hand, an increase in type-II secretory phospholipase A2 activity, a circulating enzyme involved in SA lysis, was evidenced and was associated with an enhancement of extracellular defenses (bactericidal activity of plasma) against MRSA. Overall, cardiac surgery and S. aureus phenotype had a significant effect on plasma bactericidal activity. Cardiac surgery was characterized by enhanced antibacterial defenses of plasma, whereas neutrophil killing properties were reduced. The overall effect of S. aureus phenotype on neutrophil functions did not seem significant.

Aged↗