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PubMed2006

Relationships between blood rheology and age, body mass index, blood cell count, fibrinogen, and lipids in healthy subjects.

We investigated the relationships between blood rheology assessed by microchannel method and the various hemorheologic factors in healthy subjects. One hundred seventy-six healthy volunteers (90 men and 86 women, mean age; 32.9+/-11.3 years) were participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, and fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured. In order to assess blood rheology, blood passage time was determined by a microchannel method (Micro Channel Array Flow Analyzer). Age, body mass index, red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride were positively correlated with blood passage time in all subjects, respectively (p<0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely correlated with blood passage time (p<0.01). However, platelet count, and fibrinogen were not correlated with blood passage time. The present study showed that increased age, body mass index, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with impaired blood rheology measured by microchannel method in healthy subjects, suggesting that aging, obesity, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and dyslipidemia may be related to hemorheological disorders. This microchannel method may be useful to study blood rheology which may be associated with various risk factors of cardiovascular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Maternal blood C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and temperature in preterm labor: a comparison with amniotic fluid white blood cell count.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic and prognostic performance of maternal blood C-reactive protein, white blood cell count (WBC), and temperature with that of amniotic fluid (AF) WBC in preterm labor. METHODS: One hundred two women with preterm labor and intact membranes were studied. Maternal blood was collected to measure C-reactive protein concentration and WBC, and maternal temperature was also measured. Amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis was cultured and WBC determined. Receiver operating characteristic curve, logistic regression, and survival techniques were used for analysis. RESULTS: Patients with acute histologic chorioamnionitis had significantly higher median C-reactive protein concentration, WBC, temperature, and AF WBC than patients without this lesion (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve and survival analysis demonstrated that an elevated C-reactive protein, WBC, or AF WBC was strongly associated with the likelihood of histologic chorioamnionitis, shorter interval to delivery, clinical chorioamnionitis, and neonatal morbidity (P < .05 for each). Of all the tests, AF WBC was the best independent predictor of a positive AF culture (odds ratio [OR] 16.8), interval to delivery (hazard ratio 5.7), clinical chorioamnionitis (OR 15.2), neonatal sepsis (OR 16.8), and significant neonatal complications (OR 7.4), after other confounding variables were adjusted (P < .05 for each). CONCLUSION: An elevated C-reactive protein, WBC, or AF WBC identified patients with intrauterine infection and adverse perinatal outcomes. Amniotic fluid WBC was a better independent predictor of these outcomes than C-reactive protein, WBC, or temperature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Acute myocardial infarction. Prognostic value of white blood cell count and blood glucose level.

Data obtained in the course of a nationwide study of patients with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) demonstrated substantially higher hospital mortality among patients with leukocytosis or elevated blood glucose levels, or both. It is suggested that the combination of these two measurements could be used as a handy diagnostic indicator in the evaluation of some AMI patients and as a criterion for the patients' immediate disposition to a coronary care unit, rather than to a general ward.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood cell counting and classification by nonflowing laser light scattering method.

We present a nonflowing laser light scattering method for automatically counting and classifying blood cells. A linear charge-coupled device (CCD) and a silicon photoelectric cell (which is placed behind a pinhole plate on the CCD) form a double-detector structure: the CCD is used to detect the scattered light intensity distribution of the blood cells and the silicon photoelectric cell to complete the focusing process. An isotropic sphere, with relative refractivity near 1, is used to model the blood cell. Mie theory is used to describe the scattering of white blood cells and platelets, and anomalous diffraction, red blood cells. To obtain the size distribution of blood cells from their scattered light intensity distribution, the nonnegative constraint least-squares (NNLS) method combined with the Powell method and the precision punishment method are used. Both numerical simulation and experimental results are presented. This method can be used not only to measure the mean and the distribution of red blood cell size, but also to divide the white blood cells into three classes: lymphocytes, middle-sized cells, and neutrocytes. The experimental results show a linear relationship between the blood cell (both white and red blood cells) concentration and the scattered light intensity, and therefore, the number of blood cells in a unit volume can be determined from this relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Association of white blood cell count with systolic blood pressure within the normotensive range.

Hypertension and inflammation promote cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even high normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with increased CVD risk. We assessed the relationship of elevated SBP within the normotensive range and white blood cell (WBC) count. This is a cross-sectional study of 3484 white asymptomatic individuals (mean age: 43+/-8 years, 79% males) without hypertension with SBP<140 mm Hg. White blood cell count >or=75th percentile (8.35 x 10(9) cells/l) was considered cutoff for elevated WBC. Subjects were classified into three levels of SBP (first: <120 mm Hg, n=1,176, 34%; second: 120-129 mm Hg, n=1,654, 47%; third: 130-139 mm Hg, n=654, 19%). Mean WBC count increased linearly across SBP categories (first: 6.14+/-1.54, second: 6.20+/-1.52, third: 6.41+/-1.62, P=0.02 for trend). There was a linear increase in prevalence of elevated WBC across higher SBP categories (22, 24 and 28%, P=0.02). As compared to those with SBP<120 mm Hg, in multivariate linear regression analyses (adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, diabetes, body mass index, physical activity, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) WBC count was significantly higher among participants with SBP 130-139 mm Hg (regression coefficient: 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-4.24, P=0.001). Odds ratio for prevalence of elevated WBC with SBP<120 mm Hg as reference group was 1.14 (0.92-1.41) for SBP 120-129 mm Hg and 1.50 (1.15-1.92) for SBP 130-139 mm Hg. In conclusion, Higher SBP within the normotensive range is also associated with elevated WBC count. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of inflammation in high normal SBP and associated CVD risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A clinical trial of three-part electronic differential white blood cell counts.

Three-part white blood cell differential counts (diffs), performed during electrical impedance counting of blood cells, can accurately classify lymphocytes, granulocytes, and mononuclear cells in 85% of specimens, with an error rate not exceeding that of conventional diffs. To assess the clinical utility of the new test, we tried it for three months on a medical unit. Conventional diffs were no better than three-part diffs or total white blood cell counts in signaling clinical changes, and the same decisions would have been made in 78% of instances if only three-part diffs were available. The three-part diff is as reliable a clinical index for monitoring most inpatients as the conventional diff or white blood cell count. Although its use could effect significant cost savings, acceptance of the new test seems unlikely unless enforced by administrative flat.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Increase in endogenous spleen colonies without recovery of blood cell counts in radioadaptive survival response in C57BL/6 mice.

The radioadaptive survival response induced by a conditioning exposure to 0.45 Gy and measured as an increase in 30-day survival after mid-lethal X irradiation was studied in C57BL/6N mice. The acquired radioresistance appeared on day 9 after the conditioning exposure, reached a maximum on days 12-14, and disappeared on day 21. The conditioning exposure 14 days prior to the challenge exposure increased the number of endogenous spleen colonies (CFU-S) on days 12-13 after the exposure to 5 Gy. On day 12 after irradiation, the conditioning exposure also increased the number of endogenous CFU-S to about five times that seen in animals exposed to 4.25-6.75 Gy without preirradiation. The effect of the interval between the preirradiation and the challenge irradiation on the increase in endogenous CFU-S was also examined. A significant increase in endogenous CFU-S was observed when the interval was 14 days, but not 9 days. This result corresponded to the increase in survival observed on day 14 after the challenge irradiation. Radiation-inducted resistance to radiation-induced lethality in mice appears to be closely related to the marked recovery of endogenous CFU-S in the surviving hematopoietic stem cells that acquired radioresistance by preirradiation. Preirradiation enhanced the recovery of the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes very slightly in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of 5 Gy, a dose that does not cause bone marrow death. There appears to be no correlation between the marked increase in endogenous CFU-S and the slight increase or no increase in peripheral blood cells induced by the radioadaptive response. The possible contribution by some factor, such as Il4 or Il11, that has been reported to protect irradiated animals without stimulating hematopoiesis is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Changes in automated complete blood cell count and differential leukocyte count results induced by storage of blood at room temperature.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate changes that occur in various parameters of automated complete blood cell count (CBC) and differential leukocyte count (differential) on prolonged storage of blood at room temperature. DESIGN: A CBC and an automated differential were performed on the Coulter Gen.S on 40 K(3) (tripotassium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate) EDTA-anticoagulated blood specimens once daily, specimen volume permitting, for 3 to 7 days. Specimens were kept at room temperature throughout the study. The results were tabulated using a personal computer with Excel software. Percent change or absolute difference from the initial value for each parameter for each subsequent day of the study period was calculated. RESULTS: Among the CBC parameters, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were stable for the duration of the study (7 days), white blood cell count was stable for at least 3 days (up to 7 days, if the count was within or above the normal range), and platelet count was stable for at least 4 days (up to 7 days, if the count was within or above the normal range). The mean corpuscular volume, mean platelet volume, hematocrit, and red blood cell distribution width each increased, and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased from day 2 onward. Among the differential parameters, the relative percentages and absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils tended to increase, whereas those of monocytes trended downward over time. Limited data on basophils did not reveal an appreciable change. CONCLUSION: Blood specimens stored at room temperature for more than 1 day (up to 3 days or possibly longer) were found to be acceptable with some limitations for CBC but not for the differential.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the blood cell counts with aging].

We analyzed the blood cell counts and serum levels of total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) of 2,231 healthy subjects (1,295 men and 936 women) between age 20 and 99 years in order to clarify the following two subjects. (1) In the approximately 10 years since the report of Shirakura et al in 1978, eating habits have improved and the average life expectancy has extended in Japan. Is there any effect of such betterment on blood cell counts of the aged? (2) It has been pointed out that quality of everyday life, such as staying at home but not in an old-age home, working, traveling, and so forth, had an influence on the blood cell counts of aged. Is there any difference between the blood cell counts of people under 60 years and those of people older than 60 years who have a good quality of life as mentioned above? The hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and hematocrit value began to decrease in men in their sixth decade and in women in their seventh decade and the change was more prominent with advancing age, especially in men. The white blood cell count and platelet count tended to decrease with advancing age. The serum levels of TP, TC, and TG also declined with age in those over 60 years of age. These results confirmed that the hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and hematocrit value decrease in the elderly subjects as they grow older and it may be considered that reduced ingestion of protein is one of the causes of the phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Red blood cell count.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1986

Increased platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and plasma cholesterol levels during heat stress, and mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis.

Recorded deaths from coronary and cerebral thrombosis rise markedly in heat waves. In a British heat wave with little or no distortion due to air-conditioning, outside temperatures of 34.6 degrees C (maximum) and 20.8 degrees C (minimum) were followed by peak mortalities from coronary and cerebral thrombosis one to two days later. Experimental exposure of volunteers to moving air at 41 degrees C for six hours caused core temperature to rise 0.84 degree C, weight to fall 1.83 kg with sweating despite access to water, heart rate to increase 32 beats per minute, and arterial pressure to fall, particularly on standing. The red blood cell count increased 9 percent, and blood viscosity increased 24 percent, mostly after the first hour. The platelet count rose 18 percent, and the platelet volume fell, mostly in the first hour. The plasma cholesterol level increased 14 percent without a change in distribution among lipoprotein fractions. The changes seem able to explain the increased mortality from arterial thrombosis in hot weather.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Depressive symptoms in the elderly: association with total white blood cell count.

1. The white blood cell (WBC) count in those with high depressive symptoms and non-depressed participants in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) were compared. 2. Of 3769 participants 10.8% had high depressive symptoms as assessed by the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The mean white blood cell count was higher in the high depressive symptoms group compared to the non-depressed group (6.8 +/- 0.12 x 10(9) WBC/1 and 6.5 +/- 0.03 x 10(9) WBC/1, respectively, p < 0.01). 3. Because older adults frequently have disabling chronic conditions which could both influence their leukocyte count and cause depressive symptoms, models were developed which controlled for the potential confounding. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, high depressive symptoms were still associated with higher white blood cell counts.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lack of validity of standard corrections for white blood cell counts of blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid in infants.

An evaluation of the validity in infants of standard computations for the correction of white cell counts in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid (traumatic lumbar puncture) was undertaken. In 39 infants with significant blood contamination (greater than 10(4) red blood cells/microL) and no evidence of bacterial meningitis, both calculated corrections based on simultaneously obtained complete blood counts and estimated corrections based on average values resulted in overcorrection in a majority of cases (33 of 39 and 25 of 39, respectively). The mechanism of this overcorrection could not be defined. In eight infants with significant blood contamination and proven bacterial meningitis, correction computations normalized or overcorrected the white cell count in one case. It appears that standard computations frequently overcorrect white cell counts in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid and that the magnitude of the overcorrection may obscure pathologic states in some cases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of two automated multi-channel blood cell counting systems for analysis of blood of common domestic animals.

An automated, multi-channel blood cell counting system (S-Plus) was compared to a reference counting system using blood samples from 187 animals of four species. The standard red cell bath aperture current of 150 volts (V) was used during analysis of 75% of the samples. At this setting, all samples with a Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) greater than 50 fl had accurate erythrocyte counts. As the MCV decreased below 50 fl, the severity of false low erythrocyte counts and false high MCV values increased. The remaining 25% of samples were analyzed with the red cell bath aperture current increased to 200 V. At this setting, only 5% or less of erythrocytes from animals with normal MCV values(>36 fl)were below the erythrocyte threshold. The red cell distribution width values provided by the S-Plus indicated that equine and bovine erythrocytes have greater anisocytosis than canine and feline erythrocytes. Leukocyte counts were significantly lower on the S-Plus (p<0.01). Canine and equine samples most frequently had platelet size distribution within the S-Plus platelet counting threshold window. Electronic whole blood platelet counting appeared unsatisfactory in cats due to large platelet size and erythrocyte-platelet size overlap. Small platelet size in cattle indicated that further modifications of the red cell bath aperture current would be required to count and size platelets in this species. Following electronic modifications, this state-of-the-art system appears adaptable to hematologic profiling in most species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Comparison between a modified haemocytometric technique and electronic counters in goat blood cell counting.

Dilutions of goat blood with Hayem-Jørgensen's fluid ranging from 1:200 to 1:1,000 were used for haemocytometer counting of red blood cells (RBC) in 27 goats. The optimal dilutions were 1:400-1:500. Correlation studies between the results obtained by the haemocytometer and the Coulter counter red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were performed in 551 goat blood samples. The haemocytometer RBC counts were 5.63% higher and WBC counts 2.79% lower than those of the electronic counter. The method of blood cell counting therefore influences the clinical haematological diagnoses and reference values in domestic animals. New cell counters specifically designed to measure cells of small volumes, e.g. goat erythrocytes, are needed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Association of ABO incompatibility with elevation of nucleated red blood cell counts in term neonates.

OBJECTIVE: Nucleated red blood cells in the circulation in term neonates have been associated with a wide range of pathologic conditions. We sought to examine the relationship between nucleated red blood cells in the circulation of term neonates and maternal-neonatal blood type compatibility. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively collected umbilical blood from all live-born neonates delivered at our institution. Venous blood was analyzed for nucleated red blood cells and is reported as the number of nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells. We reviewed maternal and neonatal records for neonates born at > or =37 weeks' gestation for correlative clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS statistical software package (version 6.12; SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC). Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used as a nonparametric test. RESULTS: We evaluated 1661 neonates delivered during the study period and found a mean (+/-SD) of 9.29 +/- 18.56 nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells (range, 0-327 nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells). Nucleated red blood cell counts were lower in ABO-compatible maternal-fetal dyads (mean +/- SD, 8.29 +/- 12.84 nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells; range, 0-216 nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells) than in ABO-incompatible dyads (mean +/- SD, 13.16 +/- 13.16 nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells; range, 0-327 nucleated red blood cells/100 white blood cells; P =.006). Neonates of mothers with blood groups A and B had significantly lower nucleated red blood cell counts (P <.05). Dyads with maternal type O and neonate type B had significantly higher nucleated red blood cell counts (P <.002). Nonparametric testing determined that type O mother and type B neonate combinations had significantly higher umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility is associated with elevation of nucleated red blood cell count in term neonates. Nucleated red blood cell elevation does not always connote a serious pathologic process, however, because ABO incompatibility usually does not adversely affect neonatal outcome. The clinical significance of an elevated nucleated red blood cell count thus is limited.

ABO Blood-Group System↗