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PubMed1975

Bone remodelling in rabbit ear chambers. A vital microscopical and histological study.

Heterotopic autologous bone tissue was studied by vital microscopy in rabbit ear chambers and correlated with the findings from histological sections prepared from the same tissue. The in vivo morphology and remodelling of different bone types were thereby characterized. Autografts were resorbed in a disordered fashion by osteoclasts and woven-fibred bone tissue formed on such grafts. Later parallel-fibred bone, bounded by a seam of osteoid tissue, formed on this scaffold. Bone flakes growing underneath the cover glass were remodelled into shallow hemi-ossicles containing fat marrow, which were always oriented towards the cover glass. Following en bloc removal of the central part of the bone culture, woven-fibred bone rapidly formed within the new connective tissue, filling in the empty space. Such bone was remodelled into cancellous bone containing fat marrow. A balance between resorption and formation was regularly established in the chambers. The bone cultures were thus useful for vital microscopical studies for half a year or longer. In the present study bone remodelling in rabbit ear chambers closely resembled that of orthotopics bone. Ear chamber bone cultures are therefore a versatile in vivo biological model for dynamic bone tissue studies at both tissue and cellular levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Differences in intracortical bone remodeling in three aboriginal American populations: possible dietary factors.

Cross sections of intracortical bone revealed differences among three early American populations--Eskimo, Arikara, and Pueblo--in the frequency of a form of remodeling called, here, type II. This remodeling appears to occur exclusively within the walls of haversian canals of well-mineralized osteons. The populations are known to have differed in their nutrition. The Eskimo, with a high-protein diet, exhibited the most frequent type II remodeling, whereas the Pueblo, with a low-protein diet, showed the least. Type II remodeling probably reflects the physiological state of the group. Variation in frequency of classic intracortical bone remodeling was not apparent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A quantitative study of the effects of prolonged calcitonin treatment on alveolar bone remodelling in the golden hamster.

This study was carried out on adult golden hamsters, to correlate the effects of porcine calcitonin on serum Ca and P concentrations with changes in osteoclastic resorption of bone. After 1 month of treatment with 5 MRC units/kg/day, there was little effect on these parameters. On the other hand, the hormone appears to have an effect on the remodelling sequence, as indicated by a large and very significant decrease in the extent of resorption lacunae unoccupied by osteoclasts. It is suggested that the duration of the reversal phase, separating the end of active resorption from the beginning of active bone formation in each remodelling focus, is greatly decreased. This shortening is associated with a prolongation of the bone formation phase, and the extent of osteoid tissue is markedly and proportionally increased in the treated animals. After a prolonged administration, calcitonin does not seem to impede the formation of new osteoclasts, their number being only slightly diminished, but it remains possible that it does continue to inactivate these cells. The effect on the bone remodelling sequence could be either due to direct action on the osteoblasts or their percursor cells, or an indirect action via the osteoclasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Genetic control of bone remodeling.

Biological research related to orthodontics naturally leads to two general areas. One is the investigation of craniofacial growth and development in normal and abnormal circumstances, attempting to understand the etiological basis for the development of malocclusion or dentofacial deformity. The other concerns developing an understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in tooth movement during orthodontic therapy. This paper reviews ongoing research in both areas.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Effect of indomethacin on bone remodelling in rabbit ear chambers.

The effect of indomethacin medication on bone tissue resorption and formation was assessed by qualitative and quantitative microscopy in vivo in 18 rabbit ear chambers in 12 rabbits. Five bone tissue experiments were carried out during half a year using the rabbits as their own controls. One daily oral indomethacin dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight given for 3 weeks inhibited resorption of bone autografts in this type of vital chamber and thus inhibited disordered osteoclastic activity. The effect of indomethacin on ordered osteoclastic activity was not quantitated, nor was its effect on parallel-fibred bone tissue formation assessed. The same dosage of indomethacin clearly retarded woven-fibred bone tissue formation (by 1 week) as compared to control experiments, in which the chambers were used as their own controls. It is concluded that indomethacin treatment of patients liable to develop para-articular ossifications therefore seems rational. Indomethacin and drug-induced arthropathy of the hip-joint is discussed in relation to the presented results. A final appraisal of the role of indomethacin in this complex process must await additional material.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bone remodeling in periodontal lesions.

This study was designed to investigate sites of major alveolar bone formation as a result of resorption of the interdental crest in periodontal lesions. Bone samples were taken from twelve patients requiring surgery as part of their periodontal treatment. Tetracycline was used in all cases to label bone recently formed. The selected areas were periodontal pockets ranging in depth from 6 to 8 mm. The bone deformities were of crater-form configuration. The buccal and lingual plates were removed. Later, the dehydrated speciemns were embedded in bioplastic and cut to sections 70 mu thick. Controls were healthy pieces of bone taken from the same patient in unaffected areas. Yellow fluorescent tetracycline labeling was observed in both periosteal and trabecular bone. In the trabecular bone, labeling was exhibited in the lamella of some Haversian systems, away form the bone resorption. There was a direct relationship between bone resorption and bone apposition as seen by the presence of tetracycline in the buccal and lingual alveolar plates. Controls showed only minimal labeling. The results of this study have posed the question as to whether inflammation could be the stimulus in the reactivation of osteocytes or bone formation, in the buccal and lingual walls of the periodontal lesions.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1977

Bone remodeling and calcium metabolism: a correlated histomorphometric, calcium kinetic, and biochemical study in patients with osteoporosis and Paget's Disease.

The extent to which histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies correlates with Ca kinetic and biochemical parameters to reflect true bone formation and resorption in adult man remains an unsolved issue. Two groups of patients with either low (osteoporosis), (n = 15) or high (Paget's disease, n = 6) bone turnover were studied before and after sodium fluoride (NaF) and diphosphonate (EHDP) treatment, respectively. Histomorphometry of iliac crest biopsies permitted precise quantitation of the osteoblast layers (SVab), osteoid seams (SVos), the number of osteoclasts (NAocl) and the Howship's lacunae (SVhl). These determinations were correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase (aPh), urinary hydroxyproline (HyPro), Ca accretion rate (Vo+), and Ca mobilization rate (Vo-). In both patient groups bone formation indices were significantly correlated: SVob/Vo+, r = 0.85; SVos/Vo+, r = 0.83; and aPh/Vo+, r = 0.97. Provided that bone matrix formation and mineralization progess at the same rate, bone formation may be assessed by measuring either aPh, Vo+, SVob, or SVos. From these correlations it is not possible to draw any conclusions regarding the absolute "true" value of bone formation, be it in terms of Ca kinetics, alkaline phosphatase, or histomorphometry. However, since Vo+ retains its proportionality to all the other bone formation parameters tested, the so-called "slow exchange," which refers to pure physicochemical Ca exchange processes in the bone mineral, does not perturb Vo+ in an unsystematic way. Vo+ as well as aPh and histomorphometric indices are thus reliable, though not absolute indices of bone formation. Bone resorption indices correlated less well than bone formation indices: NAocl/Vo-, r = 0.68 and SVhl/Vo-, r = 0.63 with both groups. In the osteoporotic group, a negative correlation existed between the empty Howship's lacunae SVhe and Vo+, r = -0.62. Consequently, the overall extent of Howship's lacunae SVhl is influenced both by bone resorption and bone formation. On the other hand, the best correlation of HyPro was with the sum of Vo+ and Vo-, r = 0.97, confirming that HyPro is a sensitive index for the change of bone turnover.

Adult↗