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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Incisionless in-office castration using a veterinary castration device (Burdizzo clamp).

Nonoperative ablation of the testicular artery has been described in animals using the Burdizzo clamp, but not in humans. We report a case of incisionless castration performed using local anesthesia, in a transsexual who wished to avoid the pain, expense, and scar associated with the open procedure. The Burdizzo clamp crushed the spermatic cord bilaterally, and the testis was allowed to atrophy. The soft-tissue damage was minimal, and the serum testosterone fell to castrate levels. This method has proved useful for castration in a transgender patient, but could also be used for castration in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultrastructure and morphometry of the urethral glands in normal, castrated, and testosterone-treated castrated male mice.

Recent studies of the urethral glands in the male mouse and rat have suggested that they are testosterone-dependent glands that may be potential sites for secretory immunity in the male genital tract. In the present study we describe the ultrastructural features of these glands in normal mice and provide quantitative data on the sizes of the acinar cells and their organelles in sham-, oil-, and testosterone-treated castrated mice. Acinar cells in urethral glands from normal mice contain numerous secretory granules, prominent Golgi complexes, elongated mitochondria, and an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with large and dilated cisternae, all of which are features characteristic of secretory cells. In some acinar cells the cisternae of the RER were filled with closely packed, unbranched, straight, tubular structures that were oriented parallel to one another, that radiated from aggregates of dense material, or that were randomly arranged. In other acinar cells the cisternae of the RER showed a network of branching and anastomosing vesicular-like structures whose limiting membranes were occasionally seen in continuity with the membranes of the RER. Secretory acini showed large, unbranched tubules in the acinar lumen. When cut at right angles the large tubules exhibited a distinct fuzzy outer coat with fine projections radiating outwards. The ultrastructure of the acinar cells and the presence of tubules in the lumen suggests that they are engaged in secretion of a tubular protein. Morphometric analysis of acinar cells in the urethral glands showed that the mean volumes of nuclei, cytoplasm, secretory granules, vacuoles, and mitochondria were significantly reduced in castrated mice in comparison to either normal or testosterone-treated castrated mice. This confirms earlier observations that the urethral glands are targets of testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Short-term and long-term histologic effects of castration and estrogen treatment on breast tissue of 14 male-to-female transsexuals in comparison with two chemically castrated men.

The histologic changes induced in the mammary gland of male-to-female transsexuals have not yet been reported in the literature. We studied the histologic changes induced by chemical and surgical castration and estrogen therapy in the breasts of 14 such patients, with particular reference to acinar and lobular formation. To objectify the influence of cross-sex treatment, the histologic findings were compared with those in two men treated hormonally for prostate cancer. The slight increase in the plasma estrogen-to-androgen ratio seen in idiopathic gynecomastia usually does not induce acinar and lobular formation in the male breast. In men treated with nonprogestative antiandrogens for prostate cancer, only moderate acinar and lobular formation occurs. Only in male-to-female transsexuals in whom progestative chemical castration is combined with feminizing estrogen therapy will full acinar and lobular formation occur with hormonally stimulated nuclei and pseudolactational changes. Hence, combined progestative antiandrogens and estrogens are necessary for genetically male breast tissue to mimic the natural histology of the female breast. Orchidectomy does not contribute to this. Apocrine metaplasia may occur in breasts of male-to-female transsexuals, but so far, only four cases of breast cancer in male-to-female transsexuals have been documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

In vivo effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the migration of inflammatory cells in intact or castrated male and female guinea-pigs: a quantitative histological study. II. Study of castrated males and females.

The effect of purified human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on the migration of inflammatory cells into dacron mesh tissue containing live BCG and implanted under the skin of castrated male and female guinea-pigs was investigated. Cell counts have shown that no significant difference appeared between controls and castrated guinea-pigs given HCG. This work suggests that the inhibiting effect of HCG on the mobility of neutrophil granulocytes is closely related to the presence of both male and female gonads.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A study of the enzyme activity in the seminal vesicles of castrated and hormone-replaced castrated mice.

Castration provokes a time-related decrease in weight, protein, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of seminal vesicles. A dose-dependent stimulation of these parameters is obtained with 5alpha-DHT. Cryproterone acetate counteracts the stimulatory effects due to androgen. Acid and alkaline phosphatases remain largely unaffected by these treatments.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experiences with spermatic cord ligation as a method of castration in the stallion. The surgical castration of the testicle in situ appears to be of value].

In 22 stallions the surgically prepared spermatic cord was crushed and ligated. Preoperative and postoperative plasma-testosterone concentrations were measured and 60 days after surgery a HCG-stimulation test was carried out in 12 horses. In these 12 horses the testosterone production had ceased. In all 22 horses the wounds healed by primary intention. Ligation of the spermatic cord is a castration technique without surgical complications, at least in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Thymic abnormalities induced by castration in aged (NZB X SJL)F1 male mice: distinct effects of early and late castration.

Female but not male (NZB X SJL)F1 (NS) hybrid mice develop thymic abnormalities during aging. To determine the possible participation of androgens in this sex-related difference, we investigated the effect of androgen deprivation, as can be achieved by orchidectomy, on the cellular composition of the thymus of old NS males. Mice were orchidectomized at ages ranging from 3 weeks to 9 months and their thymuses were studied at the ages of 12 or 18 months. Phenotypic characterization of the intrathymic lymphocyte population was carried out using flow cytofluorometry analysis. Orchidectomy performed early in life (3 weeks-3 months) resulted, at 12 months of age, in thymic alterations (expansion of dull Thy-1+ cells, emergence of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells) resembling those occurring spontaneously in old NS females. In contrast, when orchidectomy was performed later in life (6-9 months), there was a numerical increase of all thymocyte subsets but no major qualitative abnormality at either 12 or 18 months of age. Therefore, the absence of thymic disease in intact NS males may reflect primarily a suppressive effect of androgens that can be reversed by early but not by late orchidectomy.

Animals↗