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This article discusses the rationale for the conversion of a card catalog to an on-line system in a special library owning approximately 4000 titles. Equipment, software, and procedures are described. Pros and cons of the use of a microcomputer for such a project, as well as costs and personnel needs, are outlined.
Exoglycosidase digestion in combination with the catalog-library approach (CLA) is used with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) to obtain the complete structure of oligosaccharides. The CLA is a collision-induced dissociation (CID)-based method used to determine the structure of O-linked neutral oligosaccharides. It provides both linkage and stereochemical information. Exoglycosidases are used to confirm independently the validity of the CLA. In some cases, the CLA provides structural information on all but a single residue. Exoglycosidase is used to refine these structures. In this way, exoglycosidase use is targeted employing only a small number of enzymes. Exoglycosidase arrays, which have been used with N-linked oligosaccharides, is avoided despite the larger variations in structures of O-linked species.
BACKGROUND: A database is a system for the management of information. Databases of different forms are widely used in everyday life from telephone books to online library catalogs. The Craniofacial Center at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has seen over 20,000 patients during the past 20 years. All of the patient records need to digitally input into a computer database. METHODS: A database was custom designed using Paradox 8. The ACDSee Photo browser and DOS linked them to the original program. The Paradox 8 was programmed to a standard mode for the diagnosis and treatment data input to prevent typographical errors. RESULTS: We collected the records of 25,200 patients from 1987 to 2002, of which 24,331 underwent operations. The data for 14,828 patients were registered as complete and/or incomplete cleft and the proportions of unilateral to bilateral and female to male are presented in Table 1. CONCLUSION: This new database system was designed to ensure the accuracy of data input using a standard model that is capable of correct data programming using the custom designed coding system for the Craniofacial Center. The system also provides easy and reliable data retrieval when using the powerful search tools.
A computer-generated catalog of nonprint media is described. Examples are given of four access points to the data base: (1) main entry, (2) title, (3) MeSH terms, and (4) broad subject categories. The data input procedure is summarized. The AV catalog as the basis for a union list is evaluated, and finally, the catalog in relation to certain local problems is discussed.
Global exchange of information is one of the major sources of scientific progress in medicine. Electronic media have recently supplemented the standard methods of scientific communication such as congresses, books and journals. Currently, 30 million computers are part of the world-wide, exponentially growing network, the ""information superhighway''. Numerous resources offered by the network are becoming increasingly useful in clinical medicine. In Germany, three major networks are currently available: T-Online/Datex-J, Compuserve and Internet. The majority of information relevant to urologists can be found in the Internet. This information includes medical journals that can either partly or completely be read online, online library catalogs, scientific images (pathology and radiology), and databases on urologic oncology and basic research in urology. Even outside academic institutions access to the "information superhighway" is easily available. Currently, the "information superhighway" constitutes a new source of database-type information; in the near future, medical education, clinical consultation and worldwide cooperation in clinical studies will be new fields of scientific communication employing worldwide computer networks.
Periodicals constitute a vital source of information and an invaluable continuing education medium to pharmacists. The aim of the present study was to compile the list of the 83 pharmacy-related periodicals published in French as at 1995 with a view to establishing their main characteristics. The first part focuses on the definition of the concept of "French language pharmaceutical periodicals" selected for the survey needed a) to be in circulation in 1995 and published at least two times a year, b) published by pharmacists or non-pharmacists but must carry articles intended to help, inform, or retrain pharmacists irrespective of their specialties (community, hospital, biological or industrial pharmacy) as well as their closest collaborators (assistants, technicians, etc.) and c) published in French. The second section presents the methodology of the survey, which consisted essentially in consulting publisher and library catalogs and direct interviews with embassies and Pharmacy Associations in French-speaking countries. Questionnaires were also sent out to editors of periodicals and the information gathered was analysed by computer. The following section reproduces the results of the the survey: These were classified into three categories: scientific, professional, and continuing education periodicals. The last section concentrates on their readership (national, international), frequency, modalities of publication, date of creation, indexing in bibliographic databases.
Connecting to the Internet allows health care professionals to access medical information at computer sites worldwide, to search databases, communicate with peers, obtain continuing education, retrieve images and software, obtain drug information and access statistical data. Users can access sites with "virtual patients," search library catalogs, locate jobs and post resumes, and explore conference sites and topics. Rural health care professionals can have access to medical information equivalent to their urban peers. Information is usually available over the Internet much more rapidly than through traditional print methods.
A source-oriented research study that began with medieval library catalogs, provided the material needed to establish the organization and structuring of the teaching of natural science in monastic/convent schools. The further development of natural science from here to present-day teaching of biology was then traced. The wealth of material available since the late Middle Ages enabled the individual phases of development of this new teaching subject to be identified and their adoption into the Latin education system determined. This process revealed a series of different establishment phases. From the Middle Ages onwards, the study is based on teachers' and pupils' books known to have been used in the Latin education system, and, from the 18th Century onward, on an additional 7,000 or so school annual reports as well as, from the second part of the 19th Century, teaching curricula.
A source-oriented research study that began with medieval library catalogs, provided the material needed to establish the organization und structuring of the teaching of natural science in monastic/convent schools. The further development of natural science from here to present-day teaching of biology was then traced. The wealth of material available since the late Middle Ages enabled the individual phases of development of this new teaching subject to be identified and their adoption into the Latin education system determined. This process revealed a series of different establishment phases. From the Middle Ages onwards, the study is based on teacher's and pupils' books known to have been used in the Latin education system, and, from the 18th Century onward, on an additional 7,000 or so school annual reports as well as, from the second part of the 19th Century, teaching curricula.
The Internet can help physicians to identify needed clinical information quickly providing continued medical education. Internet also improves medical information of the non-medical population. Researchers have quick access to library catalogs, Medline and other important databases from the most recognized research centers. Furthermore, it can put physicians in ready contact with other specialists for communication and consultation, facilitates administrative procedures of multicenter studies and accelerates editorial processes of biomedical journals. Since its creation, the website of the Spanish Society of Cardiology has evolved rapidly to the present model, providing different kinds of services to its members including faster communication, information from national and international societies and congresses, earlier access to the full content of Revista Española de Cardiología and to a variety of graphic resources and of continuing education. Nowadays, the website of the Spanish Society of Cardiology is consulted by one thousand visitors a week, even at weekends. The degree of activity increases from 3 h P.M. with a peak from 11 h P.M. to 1 h A.M. In the near future, our website will incorporate its own courses of continuing medical education with on-line evaluation and credit granting, will give support to multicenter studies and will initiate the publication and discussion of clinical cases of interest.
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A system is described for producing acquisitions and fiscal records, new book lists, and book catalogs of nonserial works from a single punched card input, manipulated by a computer under the control of programs written for the task. All parts of the system are now in operation except the production of the subject portion of the book catalog, for which the program is now (March 1965) being developed and which is expected to be in operation by summer.
Descriptive cataloging practices for serial differ significantly in some respects between the Library of Congress and the National Library of Medicine. This paper compares some of these differences and indicates the impact they can have on the development of on-line cooperative data bases such as OCLC. Attention is also given to the possible impact of the second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules on serials cataloging. The need for standardization is stressed.
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The organization of a new medical school library offered a unique opportunity to develop machine methods of bibliographic control and to use electronic data processing for library routines. The development of the program and an analysis of major problems is reported. The program uses IBM record unit, punched card equipment: the IBM 407 Model E8 Accounting Machine, the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, the IBM 82 Sorter, and the IBM 85 Collator. The total machine rental. with educational discount, for the program is $506.50 per month. A specific report is given of the ordering. receiving, and processing (including cataloging) procedures.
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