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PubMed1983

A probable case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in Australia.

A case of a north-Queensland Aboriginal child, who died of a septicaemic illness probably caused by Chromobacterium violaceum, is reported. This organism is a Gram-negative bacillus found in soil and water. Human and animal infections are very rare, but have been reported from various tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Most of these have been fatal, although survival after recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention has also been reported.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Phagocyte NADPH oxidase, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, is essential for early control of Burkholderia cepacia and chromobacterium violaceum infection in mice.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates have critical, partially overlapping roles in host defense against a variety of pathogens. Using mice deficient in generating phagocyte superoxide (p47(phox)(-/-)) and mice deficient in generating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS(-/-)), we examined the roles of these reactive species in host defense against Burkholderia cepacia and Chromobacterium violaceum, organisms known to have unusual virulence in chronic granulomatous disease. Intraperitoneal B. cepacia challenge (4.0 x 10(3) to 4.0 x 10(5) organisms/mouse) resulted in mortality in all p47(phox)(-/-) mice, with the survival interval being inversely proportionate to the amount of inoculum. Pretreatment with gamma interferon did not affect survival. C. violaceum was strikingly virulent in p47(phox)(-/-) mice (the 50% lethal dose [LD(50)] was <13 organisms). iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice were resistant to B. cepacia challenges of at least 10(6) organisms per mouse, and the LD(50) of C. violaceum was between 10(6) and 10(7) organisms per mouse. Consistent with the survival data, numbers of organisms in cultures of B. cepacia from multiple sites were higher for p47(phox)(-/-) mice than for iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice at day 4 after challenge, but numbers of organisms for different B. cepacia strains varied. The recovery of C. violaceum was strikingly greater at 18 h after challenge for p47(phox)(-/-) mice than for iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice, in which the organism burdens were virtually nil. In vitro, both B. cepacia and C. violaceum were sensitive to H(2)O(2) and to reactive nitrogen intermediates but the sensitivities of different strains varied significantly. Host defense against B. cepacia and C. violaceum is critically dependent in vivo on reactive oxygen intermediates, and these species are model organisms to further dissect host and pathogen interactions related to the generation and scavenging of microbicidal reactive intermediates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Recurrent infection with Chromobacterium violaceum: first case report from South America.

A case of chromobacteriosis in a young Brazilian with toxaemia and multiple skin abscesses is described. The infection responded to treatment with chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole but recurred 18 months later following insect bites received while fishing in a river. Chromobacterium violaceum was subsequently isolated from the river water. This is the first case of this kind to be reported from South America.

Abscess↗
PubMed2002

Chromobacterium violaceum infection in children: a case of fatal septicemia with nasopharyngeal abscess and literature review.

This previously healthy 5-year-old boy initially presented with fever and purulent conjunctivitis. The course evolved rapidly into preseptal and facial cellulitis, nasopharyngeal abscess and sepsis. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from conjunctival exudate and blood cultures. He received intravenous cefazolin therapy for 2 days, followed by penicillin, oxacillin and netilmicin. However, no improvement was noted, and he died on the fifth days of illness.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Fatal and non-fatal chromobacterial septicemia: report of two cases.

Chromobacterium violaceum is frequently found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions. The organism rarely causes infection in humans, but is associated with a high mortality rate when it occurs. Septicemia associated with abscess in multiple organs such as the liver, skin, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, and brain has been reported. We report on 2 patients with systemic infections with Chromobacterium violaceum. One presented with a fulminant course with multiple organ involvement and died 78 days later. The other presented with a milder course and survived after antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, infection with Chromobacterium violaceum is rare but its course is usually fulminant with high mortality especially in patients with sepsis and multiple organ involvement. We hope this report will provide additional information to physicians in the treatment of this disease.

Adult↗