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PubMed1996

Color perception with test and adapting lights perceived in different depth planes.

Adapting to a chromatic light can alter the color appearance of other lights in view. The chromatic adapting effect is measured here with the test and adapting field perceived in the same depth plane, or perceived in different depth planes (using stereo disparity). The measurements show only a weak, though consistent, shift in the appearance of the test when adapting field and test are perceived in different depth planes, compared to when they are in the same plane. Adding complexity to the adapting stimulus, in the form of a second chromatic light surrounding the background, alters the appearance of the test but shows no dependence on the depth relations. Overall, there is only a small difference in chromatic adaptation caused by introducing a three-dimensional representation of these stimuli.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Color vision: a sensitive indicator of exposure to neurotoxins.

In the last 15 years an increasing number of studies have investigated color discrimination in workers exposed to various neurotoxins. Color vision was generally evaluated using the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel (D-15 d), a test suited to identify mild acquired impairments, that can be easily performed at the workplace. In most studies, results were quantitatively expressed using the method of Bowman or that of Vingrys and King-Smith: the former is the most widely reported, while the latter gives information on the type of color defect. Applying D-15 d, or other color perception tests, impairment in color vision was observed among workers exposed to several solvents (styrene, perchloroethylene, toluene, n-hexane, and carbon disulfide), or to solvent mixtures, and also to metals like mercury. Chemical related color vision loss is a sub-clinical early effect, and in most studies proved dose-related. For styrene and perchloroethylene, and also for solvent mixtures, an impairment was observed at exposure levels lower than the current occupational limits, suggesting that these limits may be inadequate for a proper protection of visual function of workers.

Carbon Disulfide↗
PubMed1998

[Standardized evaluation of red, green and blue perception. Comparison between color arrangement and computer-assisted test procedures].

BACKGROUND: Computerized colortests offer the possibility of determining quantitative color contrast thresholds under standardized conditions. Arrangement tests allow semi-quantitative evaluation of the red, green and blue color sense. To validate the results of a new computerized test, its results are compared to those of arrangement tests. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP, mean age 38.51, +/- 15.14) as well as 30 normal observers (mean age 36.52, +/- 14.33) were evaluated. The computerized color test COLDEF was used, which is a calibrated screen that presents color optotypes on a colored background. All colors are chosen from three-color confusion axes of the CIE-Lu'v' color chart (protan, deutan and tritan axis). By a staircase procedure, the colors of the optotype and background were varied until the observers minimal color contrast threshold is detected. To compare the results of COLDEF with a routine diagnostic tool, the Farnsworth panel D-15 and Lanthony désaturé test were chosen. The results of the arrangement tests were scored by a categorization scheme. RESULTS: Normal observers showed no elevated thresholds either in COLDEF nor in the panel tests. In the RP group increased thresholds along the blue confusion axis could be detected in most cases. Furthermore, COLDEF showed increased thresholds along the red and green axes in some patients. With the computerized test it is always possible to identify the color axis concerned. The new test allows a fast and quantitative assessment of acquired color vision deficiencies.

Adult↗