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Public health, communicable diseases, and managed care: Will managed care improve or weaken communicable disease control?

BACKGROUND: Several changes can be anticipated in the practice of communicable disease control as a result of the health care delivery system's transition from a predominantly fee-for-service system to a predominantly managed care system. These changes will clearly involve clinical services provided by public health agencies, such as immunizations and diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases, as well as those that do not involve direct patient care, such as public health surveillance, disease investigation, outbreak control, contact tracing, public health laboratory services, and health education. METHODS: In this paper I review the potential impact of managed care on each of these areas of communicable disease control and suggest strategies for minimizing adverse effects and maximizing potential areas of cooperation. RESULTS: Examples of successful strategies include California's Medi-Cal managed care expansion, which allows local public health agencies to bill managed care organizations for the sexually transmitted disease, immunization, and confidential HIV services they provide to managed care beneficiaries. A different strategy is illustrated by the Pacific Business Group on Health, an employer-based purchasing group, that uses purchasing power to standardize the clinical preventive services benefit across all plans with which it contracts and to promote immunization goals. CONCLUSION: This analysis and these examples suggest that the emergence of managed care as the predominant form of health care financing and delivery in the United States offers an important opportunity for public health.

California↗

Survey of general practitioner satisfaction with a district communicable disease control service.

General practitioners (GPs) have an important role in disease surveillance and control, and are therefore a key target audience for a district communicable disease control (CDC) service. The feedback of surveillance information, and the provision of policies, guidance and specialist advice, are essential functions of a CDC service. This survey was undertaken to assess how well a CDC service was meeting the needs of GPs. Satisfaction with the service was assessed using a questionnaire survey of 166 GPs. The response rate was 42%. GPs reported a high level of overall satisfaction. The service was valued and it influenced GP practice. The service was valued more for responses to requests for information and assistance than for communicable disease control policies. The highest satisfaction was expressed for communication and for immunisation advice. Several areas of need were identified, including the need for surveillance information on antibiotic resistance and for sexually transmitted infections. The survey tool is recommended as a way of auditing standards for Good Public Health Practice, as identified by the Faculty of Public Health Medicine.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗