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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic materials in frescoes of the Monumental Cemetery of Pisa (Italy).

The paper deals with the application of two analytical procedures, based respectively on on-line pyrolysis in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis (Py/GC/MS) and on selective extractions and microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by GC/MS determination. These procedures give reliable data on the organic composition of micro-samples; moreover, when applied to the same micro-sample, they give comparable data on natural substances, and complementary information on synthetic compounds and degradation products. The two methods were used to characterise the organic matter present in several samples taken from scenes of the frescoes 'Giudizio Universale' and the 'Ascensione' by Bonamico Buffalmacco in the Monumental Cemetery of Pisa. The observed hydrophobicity of their surfaces, which hampers traditional means of restoration, is explained by the formation of a polymeric network due to reactions between a synthetic polymer used as adhesive, the proteinaceous material (animal glue and casein), and formaldehyde.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2006

Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang Mountain Cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongolia.

Sixteen sequences of the hypervariable segment I (HVS-I, 16039-16398) in mtDNA control region from ancient Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang Mountain Cemetery were analyzed. In which, 13 haplotypes were found by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.98 and 0.0189, respectively, and the mean of nucleotide number differences was 6.25. Haplogroup analysis indicates these remains mainly belong to haplogroup C (31.25%) and D (43.75%). According to the published data were considered, we can suggest that the Tuoba Xianbei presented a close genetic affinity to Oroqen, Outer Mongolian and Ewenki populations, especially Oroqen.

Asian People↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of pigments and coverings by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) in the cemetery of Tutugi (Galera, Granada, Spain) and the settlement convento 2 (Montemayor, Córdoba, Spain).

This paper focuses on the identification of the composition of the coverings and pigments of two archaeological sites. The sites researched here lie in Andalusia and show two contexts, which have a highly symbolic and ritual meaning. The first, Convento 2 (Montemayor, Córdoba), dates back to the period of formation of the Iberian Culture (VIIth century b.c.). The second is the cemetery of Tutugi (Galera, Granada), of the mid-Iberian period (IVth century b.c.). The analytical procedure consisted in combined and complementary use of XRD and MRS. This allowed to identify the materials used, namely hematite, goethite, coal, gypsum and calcite. Identification of these materials proves essential for the restoration and musealization of both archaeological sites.

Archaeology↗
PubMed2001

[Dietary behavior of the Middle Ages in Grenoble: application of isotopic biogeochemistry of the Saint-Laurent cemetery (XIIIth-XVth centuries, Isère, France)].

Isotopic analysis of 13C and 15N of 47 bones from Saint-Laurent de Grenoble cemetery (Grenoble, Isère), from the end of medieval period (XIIIth-XVth centuries AD) allowed to define the food status of animals with regard to the humans and to discuss the variability amongst adults. Adults who died young and those with small stature may have had diets poor in animal protein. The consumption of animal proteins was more important in the XVth than in the XIVth century and could illustrate a typical urban food economy providing its population with a more diversified diet than in rural areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traffic-related air pollution: exposure and health effects in Copenhagen street cleaners and cemetery workers.

This questionnaire-based study found a significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis, asthma, and several other symptoms in 116 Copenhagen street cleaners who were exposed to traffic-related air pollution at levels that were slightly lower than the 1987 World Health Organization-recommended threshold values, compared with 115 Copenhagen cemetery workers exposed to lower pollution levels. Logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and smoking, was conducted, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to be 2.5 for chronic bronchitis (95% confidence interval = 1.2-5.1), 2.3 for asthma (95% confidence interval = 1.0-5.1), and 1.8-7.9 for other symptoms (95% confidence interval = 1.0-28.2). Except for exposure to air pollution, the two groups were comparable, i.e., they had similar terms of employment and working conditions. The exposure ranges during an 8-h work day, averaged from readings taken at five monitored street positions, were: 41-257 ppb nitric oxide (1-h max: 865 ppb); 23-43 ppb nitrogen dioxide (1-h max: 208 ppb); 1.0-4.3 ppm carbon monoxide (8-h max: 7.1 ppm); 14-28 ppb sulfur dioxide (1-h max: 112 ppb); and 10-38 ppb ozone (1-h max: 72 ppb).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of ancient DNA from a prehistoric Amerindian cemetery.

The Norris Farms No. 36 cemetery in central Illinois has been the subject of considerable archaeological and genetic research. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA have been examined in this 700-year-old population. DNA preservation at the site was good, with about 70% of the samples producing mtDNA results and approximately 15% yielding nuclear DNA data. All four of the major Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were found, in addition to a fifth haplogroup. Sequences of the first hypervariable region of the mtDNA control region revealed a high level of diversity in the Norris Farms population and confirmed that the fifth haplogroup associates with Mongolian sequences and hence is probably authentic. Other than a possible reduction in the number of rare mtDNA lineages in many populations, it does not appear as if European contact significantly altered patterns of Amerindian mtDNA variation, despite the large decrease in population size that occurred. For nuclear DNA analysis, a novel method for DNA-based sex identification that uses nucleotide differences between the X and Y copies of the amelogenin gene was developed and applied successfully in approximately 20 individuals. Despite the well-known problems of poor DNA preservation and the ever-present possibility of contamination with modern DNA, genetic analysis of the Norris Farms No. 36 population demonstrates that ancient DNA can be a fruitful source of new insights into prehistoric populations.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological studies on the expectation of life for cats computed from animal cemetery records.

Based on the Chiang's method, the life table for cats was constructed from the death data of 3936 cats. They died in the Kanto area and were buried in an animal cemetery in Tokyo from June 1981 through May 1982. This life table seems to be the first one for domestic pet cats. The expectation of life for cats was 4.2 years at age 0, 5.0 years at age 1, 5.4 years at age 4, 5.3 years at age 5, 3.5 years at age 10, and 2.2 years at age 15. The maximum age at death was 22 years. From age 0 to age 5, the probability of dying for cats was higher than that for dogs, but over 6 years of age it seemed that Gompertz's equation was applicable to this life table for cats. From these results, if the probability of dying for cats at early ages decreases, the fundamental pattern of dying curve for cats seems to be a similar figure of dogs. The life table was constructed for different breeds and localities. Comparing the expectation of life at age 1 (e1) of the two populations divided by breeds or localities, there was significant difference in the e1 among different localities but not among different breeds. These facts suggest the existence of some factors which may influence the life span of cats among different localities.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Control of Aedes aegypti with temephos in a Buenos Aires cemetery, Argentina.

The efficacy of a larvicide, temephos, for controlling Ae. aegypti was evaluated in a cemetery in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Breeding sites decreased from 18.4% in the first study period (Nov 1998 to May 1999, without temephos) to 2.2% in the second period (Nov 1999 to May 2000, two applications), and to 0.05% in the third one (Nov 2000 to May 2001, five applications). Ovitraps with eggs decreased from 17% in the first period to 5.8% in the second period, and to 2.9% in the third one. Results suggest that, in Buenos Aires, Ae. aegypti populations are highly susceptible to temephos. It is recommended to limit the use of temephos to prevent potential epidemics rather than for routine control.

Aedes↗
PubMed2002

[Juxtacortical osteosarcoma of tibia from a medieval cemetery of Budapest].

Juxtacortical osteosarcoma occurred on the right tibia and fibula of a 20-22 years old man found in a medieval period cemetery of Budapest. MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: The tumor is located circumferentially on the midshaft of the tibia and fibula and appears cone-shaped. The lesion measured 160 mm in length and 3-5 mm in height. The surface of the tumor is irregular, rough, in some areas shows spicules. These spicules averaged 2-4 mm in length and 1-2 mm in diameter. The anterior and medial surface of the tibia is completely covered by osseous tumor. RADIOGRAPHY: The X-ray study demonstrates the medullary involvement, with mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic areas. Tumor infiltration of the cortex is also apparent as irregular rarefication and lytic lesions. In some areas a "sunburst" picture could be seen. The X-ray picture is characteristic for juxtacortical osteosarcoma. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION: stereomicroscopy of specimens shows a sponge-like structure of the surface. The cortical bone is completely destroyed and deep cavities are seen between spiculous and gyrificated neoplastic bone. The spiculae are varied in length and thickness. Irregular bulky bone trabeculae demonstrating uncontrolled neoplastic reaction could be detected. By light microscopic examination severe destruction, osteolytic lesions are seen both in the cortical bone and in the cancellous bone in the peripheral parts of the tumors. Within the neoplastic bone only few remnants of the primary (normal) bone structure could be demonstrated. No reparative reactions were seen next to the osteolysis, the collagen fibers and lamellas are destroyed. Beside the destruction of original bone larger structures composed of irregular newly built nepotistic bone trabeculae can be detected. The newly formed trabeculae (spiculae) contain a tumorous ground substance (probably osteoid tissue) with few collagen fibers, and these areas are covered with a thin bony lamella. In some areas the neoplastic structures are in intimate contact with the original cancellous bone remnants. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: Both the osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma show osteoid and bone neoformation while in the chondrosarcoma type II collagen could also detected. By immunohistochemical reactions no type II and III collagen, only type I collagen reaction was positive. This means that no cartilaginous tissues were present in the tumor. Scanning electron microscopy of these specimens shows sponge-like structures. The tumor reveals irregular trabecular and spicular texture,the spicules are various in diameter and in some spiculae rounded deposits attached to the surface. In our case we found typical radiological and histological picture of the juxtacortical osteosarcoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Polish doctors graves at the cemeteries in Edinburgh].

The first part of the text reviews the cultural links between Poland and Scotland. These links were originated in the 14th century and were created by scottish students travelling to Poland to seek learning in the then polish centre of excellence Jagiellonian University in Cracow. There were also some learned Scots who ventured to Poland, seeking work. Some of them achieved positions of distinction. The first Polish medical men attended the University of Edinburgh in the 18th century. In the 19th century, following the suppression of the polish uprising against Russia, there were a small group of Poles seeking asylum in Scotland. A few of them enlisted at the University of Edinburgh at the medical faculty. The above history is described in detail in Annotations. In the second part of the paper all the polish medical and veterinary doctors whose graves are located in various cemeteries in Edinburgh are listed in chronological order of their deaths. As full as possible personal data, the kind of medical work, and location of their graves are given. Greater details, whenever obtainable, are dealt with in Annotations. The total of thirty deceased between 1942 and 1993 are described.

Burial↗
PubMed2002

Environmental chemical study on the marsh of Fatimid cemetery at Aswan City, Egypt.

Environmental chemical study were carried out on the Fatimid cemetery marsh at Aswan City(24 degrees 1'N and 32 degrees 9'E), Egypt, Marsh contents(warter, soil, sediment, metal and nonmetal-bearing salts, and emergent weed) were analysed to known the source of marsh water, speciation of the different elements between the marsh contents, and the toleration of emergent weed(Phargmites australies) for different metals and their bioaccumulation coefficients. Thus, metals(Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and nonmetals(CO(3)2-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO(4)2-, PO(4)3-, NO3-, SiO2, organic matter and pH value) were determined in the samples. According to the chemical analysis, and applying the base exchange equation(water type) and calculate the hydrochemical parameters for marsh water samples, we can indicate that the marsh water is ground water with Na-SO4 type and deep meteoric genesis. Topsoil of marsh dry land characterized by CaCl as dominant salt, while NaCl is a dominant salt in subsoil. The elevated pH values of marsh contents minimized the metal solubilities in different samples. Phragmites australies showed a strong ability to accumulate Mn and Fe in the aerial part in opposite to Co, Ni and Cd.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1992

Reduced mosquito production in cemetery vases with copper liners.

Water-holding stone vases were sampled in 4 central Florida cemeteries to compare the prevalence of mosquitoes in containers with and without metallic liners. Overall, immature mosquitoes were found in more than 60% of the vases lacking liners and in more than 50% of the vases with aluminum liners. Significantly fewer vases with copper liners were positive for mosquitoes. High mortality and a lack of development were observed in a field test involving the introduction of Aedes aegypti larvae into stone vases with copper liners.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Anthropological analysis of the Late Roman/Early Medieval cemetery of Novigrad (Istria).

The paper presents results of analysis of human skeletal remains recovered from Late Roman/Early Medieval cemetery of Novigrad (Istria). The "terminus post quem" for the site was established archaeologically as 5th or 6th century A.D. The aim of this work was detailed bioarchaeological analysis of each individual. It included determination of sex, age at the time of death, reconstruction of body height, and detailed description of pathological changes on bones and joint surfaces acquired during lifetime. The analysis provides limited information on demography, health and disease of the ancient inhabitants of Novigrad due to the limited sample size. Results show unusually high proportion of subadults, a life span range of women slightly lower compared to other contemporary populations, a high level of metabolic stress in childhood and a high level of skeletal indicators of physical stress suggesting that several of the analyzed individuals were exposed to heavy physical labor during their adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Two cases of joint disease in post-medieval church cemetery of St. Ilija.

Evidence of disease was analyzed from the skeletal remains of 11 individuals dating to the post-Medieval period from church cemetery of St. Ilija in Serbia. Two individuals showed pathological condition affecting joints. It was supposed that first individual had been suffering from Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. It seems that this condition remained untreated, with extensive bone remodeling, and that the deformity of femoral head and acetabulum caused secondary degenerative joint disease at a relatively early age of this individual. Second case was related to the bony akylosis of the hand finger, probably caused by Dupuytren's disease. In addition, we discussed development of differential diagnosis in both pathological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Social implications of mortality patterns of juveniles from Poundbury Camp, Romano-British Cemetery.

Attempts have been made to reconstruct the Romano-British population that was buried at Poundbury Camp, Dorchester, England. Over 1400 graves were excavated and about 1200 skeletons of adults and juveniles were recovered, dating from the 1st to the 5th Centuries AD. The burial patterns indicate that the family was the important unit in the community that was served by Poundbury Camp. The newborn but perhaps not the stillborn were buried in the cemetery. Infanticide was not practised. Infant mortality was high and weaning may have been at a very early age. There were relatively few children and family sizes must have been small. Among the adolescents there were three times as many girls as boys. This is interpreted as a consequence of the materialism of a society with an agrarian economy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Gladebeck--an early medieval cemetery in Lower Saxony].

The cemetery of Gladebeck is placed in the South of Niedersachsen and dated from the 8th till the early 9th century. The 55 individual findings consist of 17 men, 16 women, 11 undeterminables and 11 children. The mean death rate of the whole population is 29 years. The age-distribution shows a deficiency of small infants.

Adolescent↗