SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The results of breeding Cercopithecus aethiops under time-mated laboratory conditions and analysis of total estrogen, progesterone, and LH concentrations in plasma during the menstrual cycle and plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations during pregnancy indicate that this species is a suitable alternative for the rhesus monkey as a model for investigations of reproductive function in man.
We analysed the cytotoxic effect of city smog extracts from a heavy industrialized area using kidney cell cultures from the primate Cercopithecus aethiops.--Using logarithmically growing cell cultures we determined cell replication and the rate of DNA-synthesis after incorporation of 3H-thymidine.--In presence of city smog extracts we found a dose dependent reduction of cell replication and of DNA-synthesis. In presence of high concentrations (BP-aquivalent 0.25-0.5 microgram/ml) of city smog extract we found no increase in cell number over a period of 72 h. Under the same conditions hardly any DNA-synthesis was detected.--In presence of middle and low concentrations of city smog extract a dose- and time-dependent increase in cell number and rate of DNA-synthesis was detected.
The cell growth of exponentially growing kidney cell cultures of Cercopithecus aethiops was determined by estimation of protein content. The effect of city smog extracts and its polyaromatic fractions on cell growth was examined. Based on the benzo(a)pyren-content the crude extract of city smog exerted the strongest inhibition of cell growth, followed by non purified and purified fraction of polyaromates. The inhibition of cell growth was dose dependent. Results indicate, that for cell growth inhibition are of importance concentrations of toxic substances and exposition time.
Using antibodies against human STH and ovine prolactine, it is possible to identify somatotropic and prolactin cells in the pituitary anterior lobe of three species of monkeys: Erythrocebus patas, Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas. The somatotropic cells are numerous in both adult and infant male or female monkeys, especially in the lateral lobes of the pituitary gland. The prolactin cells can be distinguished in all pituitaries studied, regardless age or sex; indeed there are more numerous in adult females. The immunofluorescent technique reveals a more great number of cells of somatotropic and prolactin type than the classical tetrachrome technique.
Indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisomatostatin serum has allowed us to detect somatostatin containing cells in the gastro-intestinal tract of three species of monkeys : Macacus irus, Papio hamadryas and Cercopithecus aethiops. These cells are localized only in the stomach, in the duodenum, and in the jejunum-ileum. No somatostatin cells were encountered in the esophagus and in the colon. The maximum of somatostatin positive cells is localized in the duodenum, as well in the Lieberkühn's glands as in the Brunner's glands. These cells are always separated from each other ; they were found only in glandular epithelium ; no immunopositive cells were observed in the surface epithelium. No morphological or numerical differences were noted between the three species of monkeys.
Using antibodies against synthetic corticotropic hormones (1-24 ACTH and 17-39 ACTH), and melanotropic hormones (alpha-MSH and beta-MSH), it is possible to identify corticotropic and melanotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of three species of monkeys : Erythrocebus patas, Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas. The corticotropic cells are numerous in the anterior lobe in both the adult and infant male and female monkeys of these three species. The intermediate lobe reacts with antibodies against ACTH and also with antibodies against the two MSH. In the anterior lobe, the corticotropic cells react also with anti-beta MSH antibody but not with the anti-alpha MSH antibody.
In male Cercopithecus aethiops (green monkey; grivet) and Erythrocebus patas (dancing red monkey; patas monkey), the pattern of urinary C21 steroids was estimated and compared with those of man, baboon and rhesus monkey. The results indicate diminished 11 beta- and 17 alpha-hydroxylation in steroid biosynthesis as well as diminished delta 4-3-keto reduction and increased 20 beta-reduction in metabolism in these two species.
A 7 to 8-year-old male African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) was found moribund in his cage. Fluid and antibiotic therapy were administered, but the monkey dies 2 hours later. At necropsy, large septic mural thrombi obstructed the right atrioventricular orifice and the pulmonary outflow tract, and smaller septic thrombi were attached to the leaflets of the pulmonary and mitral valves. Staphylococci were isolated from the large thrombus occluding the atrioventricular orifice. Large abscesses were present in the upper and lower lobes of the right lung, and small, wedge shaped infarcts were present in the lungs and kidneys. The clinical and pathologic findings were consistent with a rapidly progressive form of bacterial endocarditis. This was the only case of vegetative bacterial endocarditis seen at this instituion in 700 necropsies of nonhuman primates.
The distribution of the G-bands in chromosomes of bone marrow cells of Cercopithecus aethiops was studied by means of differentail staining with the Romanovsky - Gimsa dye. All the homologous chromosome pairs were identified and morphometric parameters were detected. The comparison of C. aethiops karyotypes with those of Macacca mulatta has shown that they are different in numbers and in the character of banding pattern of the most chromosomes. Both species revealed 12 pairs of chromosomes similar in their morphology and parameters.
The diencephalon of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) is described and compared with that of other primates, particularly the macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta). In the vervet monkey, the thalamus is divided into six nuclear groups: anterior, midline, medial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral and posterior. The anterior nuclear group shows a regressive nucleus anterodorsalis and a poorly defined demarcation between the nuclei anteromedialis and anteroventralis. There is a large interthalamic adhesion in which the ventral region containing nuclei centralis medialis, interventralis and reuniens, shows more regression than the dorsal region consisting of nuclei parataenialis and paraventralis. As the nucleus medialis ventralis is not present, the nucleus medialis dorsalis is described as the nucleus medialis; this is clearly differentiated into three parts, each part showing different cytological and architectonic features. The nucleus centrum medianum is larger and better developed than that of lower primates but is not entirely demarcated from the nucleus parafascicularis. The pulvinar is an enormous outgrowth from the dorsolateral thalamic nuclei. The ventrolateral thalamic nuclei are well differentiated from one another: a distinct nucleus ventralis dorsomedialis is present and appears to possess definite topographical and cytological differences from those of the other ventrolateral nuclei. The nucleus ventralis posteromedialis is further differentiated into a magno- and a parvocellular part. The nucleus ventralis posteroinferioris is a distinct entity. The lateral geniculate body shows a definite differentiation into two nuclei: pregeniculate and lateral geniculate nuclei. The lateral geniculate nucleus is a six-layered structure which is of the inverted type; it has undergone a lateral rotation through an anteroposterior axis from a dorsal position in the prosimian thalamus to its present ventral position in the higher primate thalamus. The medial geniculate body is not laminated as is the lateral geniculate nucleus; it consists of a small dorsomedial magnocellular and a large ventrolateral parvocellular part.
The nuclear configuration and topography of the epithalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) are described and compared with those of other primates, particularly the macaque monkey. The epithalamus does not show any striking structural differences, except some architectonic differentiation in the lateral habenular nucleus. The subthalamus is a phylogenetically stable structure throughout the primate scale; it does not show any significant changes, except that it extends less rostrally and that the nuclei entopeduncularis and peripeduncularis are much smaller and less well defined in the vervet monkey than those in the diencephalon of lower primates. The nucleus subthalamicus and the fields of Forel, though small in size, are comparatively well developed; the zona incerta appears to be differentiated cytoarchitectonically into two parts. The hypothalamus is divided morphologically into four regions--the preoptic, supraoptic, infundibular and mamillary regions. Although the hypothalamus of the vervet monkey is topographically identifiable with those of other primates, there are cyto- and myeloarchitectonic differences to be found in certain hypothalamic nuclei and areas. The preoptic region is small and poorly delimited from the parolfactory region antierorly and the supraoptic region posteriorly. The nucleus paraventricularis is large and well differentiated into secretory and non-secretory portions; the nucleus supraopticus does not show cellular separation into dorsolateral and ventromedial parts as clearly as they are in other primates. The nucleus dorsomedialis is not as well defined as the nucleus ventromedialis like it is in other primates. The nucleus tuberalis lateralis is comparably small, and is not split into several cellular groups as it is in higher primates. The posterior hypothalamic area is morphologically the best definable of the hypothalamic areas. The mamillary region is developmentally advanced, and very well differentiated into medial, lateral and intercalated nuclei.
The developmental stages of 11 Cercopithecus aethiops embryos, 24 to 45 days post-mating, are described. The onset of organogenesis in this species is approximately five to seven days later than that reported for macaques and baboons. This temporal difference in the embryonic period is an important factor in the analysis of the subsequent teratogenic study. Oral administration of thalidomide in single or multiple (3-day) treatment periods to pregnant green monkeys between days 28 and 33 resulted in defects of the limbs which resemble those observed in macaques and baboons. However, the sensitive period occurs approximately four days later than that reported for another nonhuman primates. These results indicate that the sensitive period of the limbs to thalidomide coincides with their earliest development.
In a study of 21 wild-caught Barbadian vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus), naturally-acquired leptospiral agglutinins were found to persist for over five years. Groups of seropositive as well as seronegative vervets were given a placebo, or full-strength monoclonal antibodies MCA F12C3 (Icterohaemorrhagiae copenhageni), or diluted F12C3 MCAs. They were challenged 24 hours later with a suspension of highly virulent leptospires (copenhageni) administered intraperitoneally. Immunoprotection was evident in animals receiving full strength MCAs as measured by their failure to develop any substantial antibody response and by their lower geometric mean titres over a period of 142 weeks (maximum GMT of 113 compared with a maximum of 1280 in the placebo group). Diluted MCAs had little or no protective value. The serological response of the monkeys which were seropositive at capture to challenge with virulent copenhageni antigen was strongly anamnestic both in those given MCAs and those given placebo. None of the naturally or experimentally infected vervets showed clinical signs of leptospiral illness.
An adult male African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) with an undifferentiated carcinoma, probably originating from the nasal mucosa, was received from the Akron, Ohio zoo. Cultivation of this tumor in vitro resulted in a mixture of fibroblastic and epithelial cells which was subsequently separated using differential trypsinization. The neoplastic nature of the cultured epithelial cells was verified by their ability to transplant into athymic nude, or antithymocyte serum-treated mice, where poorly differentiated carcinomas were produced, and cultures of the tumors that arose in nude mice were morphologically similar to pretransplantation cultures. Early cultures showed a normal male karyotype characteristic of the species; however, in long-term cultures, a clearly defined, small submetacentric Y chromosome was not observed. Electron microscopic examination of tumor tissue and cultured tumor cells revealed desmosomes and the presence of cytoplasmic (keratin-type) fibrils, which tended to be organized around the nucleus. In addition to the keratin-type fibrils, the cultured tumor cells also contained a large amount of cytoplasmic inclusion material that may represent keratohyalin granules. There was no evidence of a viral association with tumor material or cultured cells. The cultures were susceptible to infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, Herpesvirus hominis type 1, and H. saimiri, but were resistant to the Epstein-Barr virus.
In Part 1, we analyzed alarm calls produced by captive vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) in response to naturally occurring stimuli. Females and juveniles regularly alarm called to airplanes, birds, and barking dogs. Juvenile females accounted for 60% of these alarm calls. In Part 2, we isolated several monkeys from the colony and presented them with life-sized silhouettes of a leopard, snake, eagle, baboon, vervet, and goose. Adult monkeys alarm called more than did juveniles. Alarm calls were elicited by leopard, snake, baboon, and vervet silhouettes, but none were elicited by eagle or goose silhouettes. Some leopard and snake alarm calls matched those recorded in the wild in the context of the vervets' natural predators. Results indicate that silhouette stimuli are a useful technique for eliciting monkey vocalizations in the laboratory.
A live, attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine, designated EV76 (Paris) F, was pathogenic in Cercopithecus aethiops when administered parenterally. Although an oral dose of 10(9) colone-forming units of the vaccine was nonfatal to vervets, a transient but severe gastrointestinal disturbance resulted in four of 12 animals. Seven immunized vervets were protected against intradermal challenge. The remaining five vervets without serologic reactions and five untreated controls died from typical bubonic (septicemic) plague within seven days. General reactions after vaccination were not predictive of later-developing immunity, which appeared to correlate with the production of Fraction I-specific antibodies. Marked differences in immunity were noted with two methods of vaccine administration (incorporation into bananas and dropping into the mouth). This finding supported the prior observation that the oral mucosa is the major portal of entry for this strain of vaccine. Local reactions in the buccal cavity after feeding were negligible. Thus this strain of Y. pestis is a nonlethal, effective weapon against bubonic plague in a susceptible species.
Six biometric measurements were recorded from dry mandibles of 53 Papio anubis and 84 Cercopithecus aethiops: intercondylar width, intercoronoid width, intermolar width (IMW), mesiodistal width of the condyles, height of the occlusal table and anteroposterior length of the chewing surface from P4 to M3 (CL). The mean values and correlation matrices of these variables show that, despite the difference in size, the overall shape of the mandible in male and female is similar within species. The principal component analysis shows that in P. anubis the six variables contribute almost equally to the first component (75% of total variance), suggesting that the large mandible may be force related because of the greater mechanical forces required for chewing certain foods. In C. aethiops, the contribution of IMW and CL is less in the first component (52.7% of total variance), suggesting that the biochemical forces of mastication are more complex to adapt the mandible to a shorter muzzle and a particular diet.
The distribution of the calcium-binding protein Parvalbumin (PV), a marker for a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, was studied in the septal complex of the African green monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops. PV-immunoreactive neurons were found in relatively small numbers in the medial septum and in large numbers in the nucleus of the diagonal band (BROCA). They were extremely rare in the dorsal and intermediate parts of the lateral septum. PV-immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum and the nucleus of the diagonal band were mostly fusiform when located close to the midline and round to polygonal in more lateral locations. Some perikarya of immunopositive as well as immunonegative cells were covered with immunostained boutons whereas others were not. Our present descriptive data suggest that there are no principal differences in PV-containing neurons in the septal region between non-human primates and rodents which have been analyzed in great detail in previous studies.