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Results for “Child Development Disorders, Pervasive”

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PubMed1993

A prevalence study of autism in tuberous sclerosis.

An estimate of the prevalence of autism in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) was made by interviewing the parents of 21 children between ages 3 and 11 ascertained during a previous population study of the condition in the West of Scotland. Five of the children (24%) were rated autistic and a further four (19%), all of whom were girls, had socially impaired behavior categorized as pervasive developmental disorder, without fulfilling all the DSM-III-R criteria for autism. One further boy had disruptive attention-seeking behavior that had excluded him from his normal school. The estimated prevalence from this study of autism in TSC is 1 in 4 children in general, and 1 in 2 of those with mental retardation. Tuberous sclerosis could be a significant cause of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, particularly in girls.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Symbolization levels in communicative behaviors of children showing pervasive developmental disorders.

A total of 48 children with severe pervasive developmental disturbance were observed in their communicative behaviors across modalities of language, gesture, play, and drawing. As predicted, levels of symbolization in gesture, play, and drawing were significantly intercorrelated and most strongly correlated with the criterion variable of expressive language. Children who were echolalic showed levels of symbolization intermediate between those of mute children and those with nonecholalic language. The correlation between the expressive language measure and a standardized measure of receptive language for 22 testable children also was significant. The results are discussed in the context of earlier studies of symbol production in verbal samples of disturbed and nonhandicapped children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Subtyping stereotypic behavior in children: the association between stereotypic behavior, mood, and heart rate.

The stereotypic behavior of children (N = 26) while in a playroom session with their parent was studied. The sample included children with a pervasive developmental disorder, an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a developmental expressive language disorder, or a developmental receptive language disorder and normally developing children. Stereotypic behaviors associated with distress, elation, and composure were compared on mean duration and form of the stereotypies and heart rate changes around the onset of the stereotypies. Results showed that stereotypies associated with different moods differed in all variables studied. Results confirm that a valid classification scheme for stereotypic behaviors is needed as they indicate different functions of individual stereotypies.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Multiplex developmental disorders. The role of communication in the construction of a self.

This article discusses the integration of various aspects of the child's development, particularly the development of language and communication and the way in which these developments interact to enable the child to construct a coherent sense of self. Multiplex developmental disorder is presented as an example of a disorder that affects several of these crucial strands of development. Recent research and controversies regarding the diagnostic descriptions of multiplex and other pervasive developmental disorders are presented. This discussion is used to illustrate the ways in which such disorders affect not only the individual aspects of development, but the child's ability to form a cohesive sense of self. The implications of these difficulties in self-definition for treating children with disorders that affect a variety of aspects of development are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Case study: corticosteroid treatment of language regression in pervasive developmental disorder.

The authors describe a child whose language and behavior regressed at 22 months and in whom pervasive developmental disorder was later diagnosed. At 6 years, he displayed a profound receptive-expressive aphasia accompanied by behavioral disturbances characterized by hyperactivity, impaired social interactions, tantrums, gestural stereotypies, and echolalia. A single-photon emission computed tomography scan and steady-state auditory evoked potentials suggested bitemporal and left frontal pathophysiology. The overall profile resembled Landau-Kleffner syndrome, but no electroencephalographic disturbance was evident. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in amelioration of language abilities and behavior. These findings suggest that the factors underlying language regression in pervasive developmental disorder can, in special circumstances, be amenable to pharmacological treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pervasive developmental disorder and parental adaptation: previewing and reviewing atypical development with parents in child psychiatric consultation.

Parenting young children with pervasive developmental disorder engenders unique sustained stresses, which have been termed "burden of care." One specific source of stress for parents is the children's uneven developmental progress, in which delays and accelerations of adaptive functioning may exist side by side. This paper proposes a clinical method that may be incorporated into periodic child psychiatric consultations with parents of young children who have high-functioning autism or Asperger's disorder. Using a semistructured technique, the clinician reviews with the parents the details of the child's recent developmental course and attempts to identify emergent skills that may serve to preview upcoming developmental issues and gains. This method is aimed at enhancing parental abilities to track and anticipate developmental progress and the resultant shifts in the parent-child relationship, in order to reduce one source of sustained parental stress. Case illustrations of children ages 2-8 years old are discussed in light of recent literature on adaptive issues in families of individuals with a chronic medical or psychiatric condition and, specifically, families of children with pervasive developmental disorder.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: use of the children's communication checklist in a clinical setting.

The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) was developed to provide an objective assessment of pragmatic aspects of children's communication difficulties. We aimed to (1) see whether the checklist provided valid and reliable information when completed by parents, and (2) consider its usefulness in a clinical context. Checklists were completed by parents and a professional who knew the child well for all 5 to 17-year-old referrals to a tertiary developmental paediatrics centre over a 31-month period. Children who were not yet speaking in sentences were excluded. From a sample of 151 children (81% male; mean age 8.7 years) with pervasive or specific developmental disorders, valid checklists were completed by 119 parents and 93 professionals. Reliability, as measured by internal consistency, was 0.7 or higher for most scales. Correlations between ratings for parents and professionals were in the range of 0.30 to 0.58 for individual pragmatic scales, with a correlation of 0.46 (n=82) for the pragmatic composite. For both parents and professionals, the pragmatic composite was lowest for children with a diagnosis of autism; intermediate for those with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and highest for those with a diagnosis of specific learning disability. The strongest relation between the pragmatic composite and diagnosis was seen when ratings from parents and professionals were combined. Differences between diagnostic groups were not explicable in terms of age or verbal IQ.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secretin is an ineffective treatment for pervasive developmental disabilities: a review of 15 double-blind randomized controlled trials.

In 1998, Horvath et al. [Horvath, K., Stefanatos, G., Sokolski, K. N., Wachtel, R., Nabors, L., & Tildon, J. T. (1998). Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the Association of the Academy of Minority Physicians, 9, 9-15] reported an uncontrolled trial of secretin with three participants with autism, which apparently resulted in significant behavioral improvement. Subsequently, secretin was widely used. Sandler et al. [Sandler, A. D., Sutton, K. A., SeWeese, J., Girardi, M. A., Sheppard, V., & Bodfish, J. W. (1999). Lack of benefit of a single dose of synthetic human secretin in the treatment of autism and pervasive and developmental disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 1801-1806] reported the first double-blind trial of secretin with negative results. This article is a review of 15 double-blind trials of secretin. Almost none of the studies reported any significant effects and none concluded that secretin was effective. Transient effects of secretin, including both minor benefits and behavioral deterioration were reported, probably due to multiple statistical tests. Four papers reported data on differential responding in sub-groups of participants, including those with gastrointestinal symptoms. These effects were not replicable. At this time there is no robust evidence that secretin is an effective treatment for pervasive developmental disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive-developmental systems theory in pervasive developmental disorders.

The concept of reality systems is introduced in context of cognitive-developmental systems theory. Examination of the parallels between the reality systems of normal infants and those of children with pervasive developmental disorders supports the view that the latter are stalled at an early stage of development. Evaluation of pervasively disordered children with closed-system and system-forming disorders indicates the aberrant manner in which such children orient toward and engage objects and events, a manner that precludes flexible adaptation to people or surroundings. Attention is given the role of interruption as it triggers a compensatory reaction to maintain systems and the contribution of such reactions in developing the intentional behavior so lacking in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Finally, the author discusses theory-driven strategies to correct deficits in the body schema, coping with surroundings, social development, and communication and representation.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Conceptualizing "borderline syndrome of childhood" and "childhood schizophrenia" as a developmental disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This is the first attempt to define and validate criteria for an early onset, chronic syndrome of disturbances in affect modulation, social relatedness, and thinking. This study formulates and tests five hypotheses that follow from conceptualizing this syndrome as a developmental disorder. The advantages of viewing this syndrome as a developmental disorder are discussed and compared with alternative formulations such as childhood schizophrenia or borderline syndrome of childhood. METHOD: An inpatient cohort (26 boys, 4 girls) was ascertained using specific, defined criteria. Using standardized measures on retrospective chart reviews, these subjects were compared with two different inpatient samples: one diagnosed with dysthymic disorder, the other with conduct disorder. RESULTS: The criteria readily distinguished between developmentally disordered children and comparison groups. Findings also supported the hypotheses in the predicted directions; index subjects had earlier onset of symptoms, poorer social and overall adjustment, longer hospitalizations, and poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the validity of this developmental concept for a multiple complex developmental disorder and give preliminary, "first-cut" validity to these specified criteria.

Adolescent↗