PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Chlorine Compounds”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Toxaphene and other chlorinated compounds in human milk from northern and southern Canada: a comparison.

Human milk from residents of northern Canada (Keewatin) was compared to that in national surveys of southern Canada with respect to residues of toxaphene, PCBs, PCDD/PCDFs, chlordane, and several other persistent organic compounds. Concentrations of toxaphene were approximately ten-fold higher in specimens from Keewatin than from the south. Toxaphene concentrations in samples from the Great Lakes Basin collected in 1992 were not significantly (p < 0.05) different from those of the rest of Canada; however they were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than concentrations reported in a 1986 survey. Hexachlorobenzene, trans nonachlor and oxychlordane were three to five times higher in concentration in the Keewtin samples than in samples reported in the 1992 national survey. Total PCB congeners, DDTs, PCDD/PCDFs, and other chlorinated compounds were not significantly higher in northern samples.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

The Ca(2+)-transport-ATPase of human erythrocytes as an in vitro toxicity test system--acute effects of some chlorinated compounds.

Investigations to determine the inhibitory activity on the Ca(2+)-transport-ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes were performed with various compounds of toxicological significance, mostly chlorinated and mainly used as biocides, such as phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 3,4-dichlorophenol, 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol (PCP), captan, folpet, captafol, (+)-camphene, toxaphene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), lindane, endrin, dieldrin, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, paraquat, diallate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Some of the compounds investigated display an inhibitory effect on the Ca(2+)-transport-ATPase at very low concentrations. The in vitro results obtained in this enzyme assay can be correlated directly with the results of other in vitro assays and with the results of in vivo investigations in different species in which an inhibitory effect on various biological functions is observed. Therefore, an inhibitory effect on the Ca(2+)-transport-ATPase indicates a toxic effect of these compounds to cell functions. Since the inhibitory effect of these compounds can be measured rapidly and the enzyme is easy to handle, it might be a useful tool to screen the toxic effects of various compounds on cell function. The aim of the authors was to investigate the usefulness of this screening test system for the characterization of the cellular toxicity of various compounds.

Calcium-Transporting ATPases↗
PubMed2002

Solid-phase microextraction coupled with atomic emission spectroscopy--rapid screening for volatile chlorinated compounds.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with atomic emission spectroscopy was evaluated as a rapid screening tool for volatile halogenated compounds in water samples. After extraction, the SPME fiber was introduced to the injector where the analytes were rapidly and efficiently desorbed. The analytes entered the detector over a short period of time and produced one well-defined analyte signal. Element selective responses were measured to confirm the presence and to roughly estimate the content of volatile compounds. The total time for extraction and detection was approximately 5 min, which makes this method a rapid and promising technique for determination of total amount of volatile halogenated compounds. The proposed technique may prove useful as a screening test in order to pinpoint the samples that need further assessment by capillary gas chromatography.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed2002

A microcosm test for potential mineralization of chlorinated compounds under coupled aerobic/anaerobic conditions.

In this study, the feasibility of using a mineralization test under coupled aerobic/anaerobic conditions was demonstrated. The coupling of anaerobic methanogenic and aerobic methanotrophic conditions in a microcosm required the presence of both a carbon source for anaerobic metabolism and oxygen for aerobic metabolism. These requirements were fulfilled by using a slow hydrolyzing organic matter along with intermittent addition of oxygen to the bottle headspace. Perchloroethylene (PCE) mineralization tests confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology as well as PCE mineralization under coupled conditions.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlorinated compounds in tissues of chickens raised on pentachlorophenol-contaminated litter.

Broiler chickens were raised on commercial wood shavings containing 134 p.p.m. pentachlorophenol and on control litter consisting of corn-cob chips. Initial analysis of the wood-shaving litter showed the presence of hepta-, octa- and nonachlorinated diphenyl ethers, octa- and nonachlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols, and hepta- and octachlorinated dibenzodioxins. Analysis of liver, fat, and muscle tissue after nine weeks indicated the assimilation of these compounds with pentachlorophenol being present in the highest concentration. Chlorinated diphenyl ethers were detectable only in fat, while octa- and nonachlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols were found in all three tissues examined. While liver and fat contained hepta- and octachlorinated dibenzodioxins, no hexachlorinated congener was detected nor were significant amounts of dioxin found in muscle tissue. Although gross pathological examination of the birds did not indicate abnormalities, a mixed type of hepatic enzyme induction was observed in those birds raised on wood shavings.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cleanup procedure for monitoring chlorinated compounds in animal feed and crops.

A powerful cleanup procedure for determination of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in difficult agricultural matrixes like feeds or crops was developed to eliminate the interferences in chromatograms obtained by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The adsorption material used was ENVI-Carb, a graphitized nonporous carbon material. This procedure proved to be more reliable than the established cleanup procedure, which uses gel permeation chromatography and silica gel cartridges. Because ENVI-Carb cleanup delivers clear, colorless eluates with no interferences, chlorinated pesticides and PCBs may be detected at levels as low as 0.0004 mg/kg for monitoring purposes. Accuracy was validated through a series of recovery experiments.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

[Residues of organic chlorine compounds in Hessian milk products from 1978 to 1982].

According to representative investigations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and of organic environmental chemicals the load in Hessian milk and milk products has regressed since 1978. With the exception of alpha-HCH all actually investigated residues are definitely at under 10% of the permitted levels. The very low base levels of all the other compounds are definitely due to environmental influences, since agriculture hardly contributes to the residues of these compounds in the ecosphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Chlorofluorocarbon CFCs, potential alternative HCFCs and HFCs, and related chlorinated compounds: mass spectral study, Part II.

In a previous publication, mass spectrometry was applied to the study of several ions formed by dissociative ionization of ethanes, partially substituted with fluorine and chlorine, and to the determination of the fragmentation pattern of each related compound. The aim of the present investigation was to extend this mass spectral study (70 eV and low ionization energy) to a group of closely related analogs, hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), HFCs, chlorinated fluorocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons--halogenated methane, ethane, and propane molecules--to make an attempt to predict the relative bond strength and then the behavior--metabolic pathway and tropospheric degradation--of new HCFCs and HFCs.

Chlorofluorocarbons↗