Anxiety engendered by amniocentesis.
Anxiety was measured and compared in three groups of 12 pregnant couples undergoing amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. Significant elevations in anxiety were found in all groups prior to counseling on the day of the procedure and prior to receiving test results. Women who had previously given birth to a child with a chromosomal disorder displayed higher anxiety levels prior to amniocentesis than women whose indication for the procedure was age. Fathers in the previous trisomy group had higher anxiety levels prior to the receipt of test results as well as before the amniocentesis when compared to fathers in the maternal-age group. An experimental group of couples in which the women were over 35, received weekly calls from the genetic counselor. This intervention did not reduce median anxiety scores significantly for either men or women but did lower anxiety among the minority of extremely anxious mothers. Parental anxiety levels were interpreted based on interview data. Conditions which promote anxiety were contrasted to those which diminish it. Suggestions were made for amniocentesis counseling earlier in pregnancy and for identifying parents who would benefit by extra attention from counselors.