[A case of autoimmune cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia associated with mycoplasma pneumonia, occurring in the convalescence of aplastic anemia (author's transl)].
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Agglutinins↗
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Etiology of convulsions in neonatal and infantile period.
1) Etiology of convulsions starting prior to two years of age was discussed in 418 cases. Neonatal seizures before 30 days old appeared in 86 cases (53 boys and 33 girls). Three hundred and thirty-two patients (172 boys and 160 girls) had convulsions in infancy. Twelve patients (9 boys and 3 girls) suffered from convulsions both in neonatal and infantile period. 2)Etiology of convulsions was prenatal in 67 cases (16%), natal in 49 cases (12%), postnatal in 158 cases (38%) and unknown in 144 cases (34%). Prenatal factors consisted of cerebral malformation (23 cases, 6%), associated physical minor anomaly such as cataracta or finger abomaly (11 cases, 3%), abnormal pernatal history (8 cases, 2%), congenital heart disease 3) cases, 1%), tuberose scleorsis (7 cases, 2%) and positive family history (13 cases, 3%). Postnatal causes included hypocalcemia or hypoglycemia (7 cases, 2%), brain tumors (3 cases, 1%), breath-holding spells (21 cases, 5%), febrile convulsion (44 cases, 11%), bathing (3 cases, 1%), afebrile colds (3 cases, 1%), purulent meningitis (17 cases, 4%), DPT immunization (10 cases 2%), vaccination (7 cases, 2%) and acute hemiplegia (10 cases, 2%). The group of unknown etiology were as fns (38 cases, 9%), epilepsy associated with interictal signs (23 cases, 6%), benign infantile convulsions (57 cases, 14%), neonatal convulsion of unknown etiology (12 cases, 3%) and miscellaneous categories (4%). 3) Pregnancy was abnormal in 53% of cases with cerebral malformation. Asphyxia at birth was noted in 43% of patients with tuberose sclerosis and in 35% of congenital cerebral abomaly. 4) Pneumoencephalographic examinations revealed midline anomaly in 50% of cerebral malformation. It was abnormal in all cases with tuberose sclerosis, head injury and epilepsy with interseizure neurological signs. 5) There were no correlations between the seizure pattern and the etiology in neonatal convulsion. In infancy, focal-unilateral convulsions and infantile spasms were frequently associated with organic damages. Generalized seizures were seen in organic lesions as well as functional ones although approximately half of the cases were febrile convulsion, benign infantile convulsion or breath-holding spell. 6) EEG features of cerebral malformation were asymmetrical or multifocal dischages in neonatal period and hypsarhythmia or focal-unilateral spike discharges in infancy. Tuberose sclerosis showed hypsarhythmia in infancy. In birth injury or cerebral anoxia, EEG mostly revealed focal-unilateral abnormality or suppression-burst activity in newborns and hypsarhythmia or focal features in infants. 7) The occurrence rate of neonatal seizures in autopsy cases with intracranial pathology was demonstrated. EEG with intravenous diazepam was useful to know pathophysiology of infantile spasms.
Age Factors↗
[Vegetative disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Results of an inquiry of parents].
Many of the disturbances resulting from dysregulations in the autonomous nervous system of children with cerebral palsy are rarely discussed in the doctor's praxis. Nevertheless, they are causes of trouble and worry for the parents. For this reason we started an inquiry into this matter. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of 452 C.P. patients. 374 were answered with sufficient care. The following factors were evaluated: sleep, bladder and bowel activity, temperature regulation, vomiting, sweating, blood circulation, growth. The C.P. children were compared to their own siblings especially to the next younger ones. The diagnoses were as follows: Spastic tetraplegia 197 patients. Spastic hemiplegia 44 patients, Athetosis 33 patients, Mixed cases of spasticity and athetosis 82 patients, Other 15 patients. The degrees of handicap in terms of motor development were: severe (unability to sit unsupported) 166 cases, moderate (unability to kneel or walk unsupported) 118 cases, mild (ability to kneel and/or walk unsupported) 87 cases. Summarized, the statements of the parents gave the following results: sleep disturbances: 169 cases (46%), constipation: 145 cases (39%), tendency towards temperature dysregulation: 112 cases (30%) , tendency towards increased vomiting: 91 cases (25%), sweating increased or decreased: 110 cases (30%), irregular and frequent voiding of bladder: 92 cases (25%), unstable regulation of blood circulation: 101 cases (27%), cold skin: 264 cases (71%), body-length deficit: 119 cases (32%), low-weight: 177 cases (48%), feet too small for age: 252 cases (68%). Results are related to diagnosis and severeness of handicap. In addition, it is discussed, whether there are relations between several of the investigated factors. The influence of the patients sex is discussed.
Adolescent↗
A case of idiopathic haemolytic anaemia of cold antibody type having IgG specificity (a case report).
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Adult↗
[Cold-induced skin damage].
Two cases of cold-induced skin-damage are reported. In one case cold-induced panniculitis (Adiponecrosis e frigore) in a small child was found. In the other case a Dermo-Hypodermitis in an elderly lady was found, where cold was possibly just one, even if certainly the most important factor of realisation for the disease. In both cases neither the parents, respectively the patient, thought of cold-inducement of the disease, neither were anamnestic circumstances sufficiently explorated by the prior treating doctors, so that it seems justified to demonstrate such events in relation to this subject.
Aged↗
Cold agglutinins in a case of chronic lymphatic leukaemia. A study of the lymphocyte surface.
A case of chronic lymphatic leukaemia with cold agglutinins is presented in which peripheral blood lymphocytes of varying maturity appeared to possess T- and B-cell markers. A cold agglutinin IgM in type is identified in the serum and at the cell surface. This seems to be responsible for the spontaneous rosetting of sheep red blood cells (SRBC); A single clonal origin of these cells is suggested with maturation arrest. It is also suggested that with configurational change in lymphocyte surface cryoglobulins may sometimes produce spontaneous rosetting with SRBC.
Agglutinins↗
A new case of monoclonal IgA kappa cold agglutinin with anti-Pr1d specificity in a patient with persistent HB antigen cirrhosis.
A new case of cold agglutinin disease in a patient who had a long lasting Raynaud's phenomenon without hemolysis and a persistent HB antigen cirrhosis, is reported. The cold agglutinin is a monoclonal IgA kappa antibody which reacts at 4degreesC to a titer of 256. As the three other cases described in the literature, it demonstrates Pr1 specificity. The eluate from human cells reacts with rat and dog cells whose receptor is destroyed by both papain and neuraminidase, thus eliciting the characteristic Pr1d specificity.
Aged↗
In-vitro synthesis of an anti-BI cold agglutinin complicating a case of lymphoma.
A woman of 47 with lymphocytic lymphoma was found to have a high-titer cold autoagglutinin of anit-BI specificity. Her group B erythrocytes autoagglutinated of anti-BI specificity. Her group B erythrocytes autoagglutinated in vitro and the direct antiglobulin reaction was positive, but she had no symptom of cold intolerance, no evidence of hemolysis, and she could receive transfusions of compatible group O erythrocytes. In addition, evidence for synthesis of the autoantibody by the lymphoma cells was obtained by short-term bone-marrow culture.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Cold injuries in Kashmir, December 1971.
A total of 847 cases of cold injury occurred within the short space of 2 weeks during the Indo-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir in December 1971. The management of these cases and their end results are described. A combination of drugs consisting of low-molecular-weight dextran, an anti-inflammatory agent, and a vasodilator was tried with encouraging results. A conservative attitude towards ablation of necrosed tissues paid good dividends.
Amputation, Surgical↗
[A new imaging in bone scintigram, 2 cases of so called "cold" bone lesion (author's transl)].
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Adolescent↗
Cavitating lesions in a cold agglutinin positive pneumonia.
Cavitating lesions are considered a rare presentation for cold agglutinin positive pneumonia. This paper describes a case of cold agglutinin positive pneumonia which presented as a multilobar, cavitating bronchopneumonia.
Adolescent↗
Ribosomal and transfer RNA contents of the normal and pathologic human thyroid gland.
One hundred and seventy seven pieces of normal or pathologic thyroid tissue from 17 patients were assayed for rRNA, tRNA and DNA content. The tRNA/DNA and rRNA/DNA ratios in pathologic tissue were statistically compared with the same ratios in normal tissue. In toxic adenoma (5 cases) and anoplastic cancer (2 cases), both ratios were increased. In cold nodules (9 cases), there was in increase of the tRNA/DNA ratio only in 1 case, of the rRNA/DNA ratio only in 4 cases, and of both ratios in 3 cases. In one case of a cold nodule in a Basedow's disease gland, there was no modification of these ratios. In Basedow's disease (3 cases), there was an increase of rRNA/DNA ratio only in one case.
DNA↗
Cold injury in early infancy.
Sixteen cases of neonatal cold injury, five of them fatal, were seen in the winter of 1974-75. The affected infants, who weighed from 2.5 to 3 kg. had developed symptoms when the ambient termperature was below 10 C. Few of them were referred as cases of hypothermia. Refusal to eat was the most common complaint and less often edema and/or apathy. No correlation was found between death and ethnic origin, sex, duration of illness or minimum temperature. Admission weight, however, tended to be lower in the infants who died. The consistent finding of thrombocytopenia and the suspected bleeding phenomena suggested that disseminated intravascular coagulation may have been a factor in the unfavorable outcome of some of the cases. Evidence supporting such a hypothesis and proposals for the prevention. Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal cold injury are presented.
Body Temperature↗
[Our experience of mesenterico-caval anastomosis with prosthetic interposition (report of 30 cases) (author's transl)].
The authors report their experience of 30 mesenterico-caval anastomoses with prosthetic interposition according to Drapanas's technic. From the point of view of the operative indications, they have never carried out a prophylactic operation. In 19 cases, the operation was carried out as an emergency for inefficacy of the medical treatment. In 11 cases, a cold operation was performed, either to prevent eventual hemorrhagic recurrence (8 cases) or for chronic ascites (3 cases). Half the patients belonged to group C with a poor surgical risk. There was only one case of post-operative thrombosis due to a technical error, and two cases of secondary thrombosis. The overall mortality was 60%. But when the patient was of group A or B the mortality was only 20%. The survivors are those in whom the operation was rapid and the blood loss minimal. To conclude, the authors the necessity of better selection of patients, and rapid operation without bleeding.
Adult↗
[Scintigraphic discordances between technetium 99m and iodine 131 in the study of thyroid nodules].
Eighty thyroid nodules found to be hyperfixating, isofixating or heterogeneous after an initial scintigraphy with Technetium 99m were studied comparatively using iodine 131. Differences in the apparent activity of the nodule and the extra-nodular parenchyma were found in one third of cases. A "cold nodule" appearance, not seen with techneitum was found in 8 cases at the time of the examination using iodine. Five of these patients underwent operation, the diagnosis being a carcinoma in one.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria in children: 3 cases encountered within a period of 7 months.
3 children who fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria of the classical Donath-Landsteiner type are described. The benign clinical course of this illness is confirmed. A serological study of two of the Donath-Landsteiner antibodies revealed the anti-P specificity in one, but not in another serum.
Autoantibodies↗
Cold weather aviation psychology: a case report.
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Adult↗
[Must cold nodules continue to remain absolute indications for surgery?].
The vast increase in thyroid operations in recent years, resulting partly from the continued development of nuclear diagnostic techniques, has led to the acquisition of new knowledge. Retrospective research on 6252 thyroid operations performed during the last 15 years shows an increase in the number of scintigraphically cold thyroid nodes, both absolutely and in relation to the total number of thyroid operations. With increased use of surgery, the malignancy rate in cases with cold thyroid nodes has fallen to 3.2%; the malignancy rate in cases where scintigraphy gave other results is 1.2%. Favorable developments have occurred in the earlier detection of cancer and in histologic diagnosis. In the 1960s, one-half of malignant goiter cases were first detected in stages III and IV of the TNM scala and could therefore be given only a palliative operation. Today, 80% of cases are detected and treated curatively in stage I. Whereas from 1964 to 1969 almost 50% of malignant goiters were histologically undifferentiated, today 90% are well-differentiated carcinomas. In view of these statistics, use of the scintigraphic diagnosis of cold thyroid nodes as an invariable indication for surgery should be reconsidered.
Adolescent↗