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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Relation of colonic transit to functional bowel disease in older people: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology underlying chronic constipation in older people is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine if functional bowel disease (particularly constipation) in this population is associated with risk factors (age, immobility, low dietary fiber intake, and medication use) or directly with slow colonic transit. METHODS: A previously validated questionnaire was administered to a random sample of older residents (age range 65-104 years, n = 1609) of Olmsted County, MN. A random subset who met standard diagnostic criteria for functional constipation (n = 52) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 55) and a group without gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 93) were selected for further study. Each subject underwent structured interview and physical examination. Total caloric and fiber intake were assessed by dietitian interview, a food frequency questionnaire, and a food diary. Physical activity was assessed using a previously validated instrument. Medication use was determined by self-report, physician interview, and review of medical records. Total and segmental colonic transit was assessed radiographically using radioopaque markers. RESULTS: Total colonic transit times were prolonged in subjects with functional constipation (median 50.4 hours) but not in subjects with IBS (median 34.2 hours) or in healthy controls (median 28.8 hours); however, only rectosigmoid transit was delayed significantly. Age, gender, physical activity, and dietary fiber intake were not associated with total transit times, nor could they discriminate among the three patient groups. Laxative use was associated with prolonged total transit times independent of patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Older subjects can be classified by abdominal pain and bowel symptoms, which reflect colonic transit times. Older subjects with constipation symptoms generally have prolonged rectosigmoid transit. Other potential risk factors do not distinguish symptom subgroups, nor are they associated with altered colonic transit although older people who use laxatives regularly have prolonged colonic transit.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2001

Lower gastrointestinal disease in women.

Gastrointestinal disease is common in women and therefore a commonly encountered entity in gynecologic practice. A new understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the most common condition, irritable bowel syndrome, is changing both diagnosis and therapy.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1976

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of colonic diverticulitis.

A patient over 40 years of age who complains of lower abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea or both, and increased flatulence should be suspected of having diverticulosis. When pain becomes more severe and persistent, diverticulitis must be considered. Diagnosis depends on roentgen demonstration of the presence of diverticula. Sigmoidoscopy and barium enema study are essential to exclude coexisting disease but in diverticulitis may need to be postponed until severe local and systemic signs of inflammation have subsided. A number of diseases can simulate diverticulitis, and differential diagnosis may present considerable difficulty. Irritable colon syndrome and acute appendicitis may be indistinguishable clinically from diverticulitis. Differentiation from carcinoma is usually not difficult, but exclusion of coexistent carcinoma may be impossible except by resection. Ulcerative colitis is also easily distinguished except when, rarely, it coexists. Crohn's disease of the colon is less easily differentiated, especially in patients over 40, in whom the two diseases often coexist. Other colonic diseases, such as ischemic colitis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases usually show characteristic features which make them readily distinguishable from diverticulitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Colonoscopy. A review.

The technique of colonoscopy has introduced an exciting new modality for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon. It is not a panacrea, for, as with any technique, limitations are always present; but it offers the single most far reaching advance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon that has been offered in the last decade. The next 10 years should indeed prove exciting.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and evaluation of susceptibility to sulphasalazine of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strains from the human digestive tract.

Various genera of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) have been found in the human digestive tract. It is suggested that some of SRB species may be responsible for the development of the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis and other disease of large intestine. Sulphasalazine (salicyl-azo-sulphapyridine, SAS) is commonly used to treat patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Above 30 samples of faeces or biopsy specimens from 25 patients (age 45 +/- 14 years; M/F, 13/12) suffering from gastrointestinal disorders were used for isolation of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans species. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of isolated strains and also their susceptibility to SAS was determined. D. desulfuricans isolates were obtained from 5 amongst all patients assayed. Some abnormal, cigar-shaped cells were detected as accompanying the cells represented by rods, curved rods and vibrios. After strains purification, two types of colonies were present on the solid Postgate's medium B (containing lactate as a carbon source and sulphate for energy conservation): the black colonies growing in bulk of agar medium and the transparent, surface-growing mucous colonies. These two types of D. desulfuricans colonies may be a result of different iron availability for bacterial cells. High metabolic activity of strain was not always accompanied by the presence of H2S gas lock in the test tube, although the H2S odor was perceptible. All tested strains multiplied inconsiderably slowly in the presence of SAS at concentrations 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg/cm3. The growing concentrations of SAS did not cause a proportional decrease of the bacterial cells number. Taking into account the positive results of using SAS to treat patients with some colonic diseases and the indicated resistance to SAS of intestinal D. desulfuricans strains, it appears probable, that this SRB species isn't responsible for the development of mentioned diseases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Faecal lysozyme: determination, reference intervals and some data in gastro-intestinal disease.

After diluting faecal samples with a solution of Brij and saline and subsequently ultrafiltrating the faecal mixtures, lysozyme concentration can be reproducibly measured in the obtained faecal fluids, using a turbidimetric method. Measuring faecal lysozyme concentration enables discrimination normal individuals and patients with irritable bowel syndrome between patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colonic cancer. Lysozyme distribution in stools appears to be homogeneous. Faecal lysozyme concentration is stable when samples are stored during at least 1 wk at 6 degrees C. It appears that the lysozyme activity is directly correlated with the clinical status and severity of the disease. Faecal lysozyme may thus serve as an important tool both in diagnosis and in follow-up in the out-patients clinic for gastroenterology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Ten years of colonoscopy.

Over the last 10 years, 6170 colonoscopies have been performed at the Medical Department of the University of Erlangen. On the basis of these examinations, an overview, largely tabular in form, of the developments in the endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract is presented. An assessment of the individual results obtained has intentionally not been undertaken. Present possibilities and requirements are presented by the diagnostic and therapeutic tasks and the solutions thus far employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiology of noninfective intestinal diseases in various ethnic groups in South Africa.

The prevalences of bowel diseases (hemorrhoids, appendicitis, polyps, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, and colon cancer) are similar in South African whites and in populations of prosperous western countries. Among rural South African blacks with a traditional life style, these diseases are very uncommon or almost unknown. Among the urban South African blacks with a partially westernized life style, the diseases remain uncommon. Frequencies of appendectomies and colon cancer in urban blacks have increased little during the last three decades, although an increase undoubtedly has occurred in the frequency of diverticular disease. Frequencies of bowel diseases in South African Indian and colored (Eurafrican, Malay) populations are intermediate. Because the diseases are almost entirely of environmental causation (due to principally to changes in diet), prevalences almost certainly will increase in blacks, Indians and coloreds, as their way of life becomes further westernized.

Adolescent↗