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PubMed1990

Computer system for equipment management.

A computer system has been developed to meet the requirements of equipment management. The system was originally developed to run on personal computers, but has been upgraded to provide true multiuser facilities and more advanced program capabilities. This has been achieved using improved hardware and a relational database. The manner in which the software operates is described, with some examples examined in more detail. The system provides a wide range of information, including inventory data, repair costs and time as well as service records and worksheets. In addition it meets the other basic requirements of the department, including wordprocessing, budgetary control and stock control. The system also provides an immediate and rapid overview of the repair state of all equipment whilst reducing administration time for many aspects of the service. Emphasis has been placed on the integrity of the data and ease of entry of additional data.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1978

Computer system for unit dose drug distribution.

A computerized unit dose drug distribution system, part of an online hospital information system, is described. Differences between manual and computerized pharmacy distribution, and the advantages and deficiencies of the automated system are discussed. The system seems to improve pharmacy's efficiency, accuracy, control of drugs and capabilities for patient monitoring and drug use review. If mechanical failure occurs, back-up procedures keep the distribution system operational. The computer system is believed to decrease the time spent by pharmacists on routine distribution tasks, leaving time for other necessary pharmacy functions.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

A ten-year follow-up study on measles vaccination in Japan: evaluation of the efficacy analyzed on a computer system.

A long-term surveillance system using a computer system was established for the follow-up study on the protective effect of measles vaccination. More than 3,000 children, 3 to 6 years of age, who were immunized with measles vaccines by various methods have been registered in the system since 1971, and their outcomes with regard to measles have been followed up every year. The subjects were divided into three groups by the vaccination method: live vaccine alone (L), further attenuated live vaccine alone (FL), and the combined use of live and killed vaccines (KL). From comparative studies with these groups, the following results were obtained: (1) Annual measles incidence rates were found to be the lowest in L group followed by FL and KL. (2) Accumulated incidence rates of measles for 10 years in L, FL and KL groups calculated were 1.90, 2.49 and 17.84%, respectively. A linear regression was observed only from 0 to 3 years after vaccination in L and FL groups, and from 0 to 9 years in KL group. KL group showed a significantly larger regression coefficient than did the former two groups. (3) Protection rates against close contact with measles in families calculated were 97% in L and FL and 80% in KL group, respectively. (4) Low but detectable levels of antibody titers were observed in the sera for at least 4--6 years after vaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

LABKA. A real-time computer system for the clinical laboratory.

This paper provides an introduction to the real-time clinical laboratory information system (LABKA), which is implemented on a Hewlett-Packard 1000 system. The system is optimized for fast data handling combined with easy control of on-line results, data flow, and linking of related information. The design of LABKA is based on the principle of having a short reporting time together with simplified working procedures. The system can be adjusted to small as well as very large laboratories. Data control is achieved by status information being returned to the operator in real-time, thus avoiding having to use matching lists. This information is presented immediately in response to the procedure which has caused the error. This method of early error detection simplifies working procedures, inhibits accumulation of errors, and increases the flexibility and speed of data reporting. As a result, the number of requested stat analyses has been reduced by 50 percent. Working lists are not generally used. Instead, requisition information is transferred on-line to the instruments on request. A fourth-generation program system for entry, calculation, and test of manually entered data, called RUCAT (1), has been developed. This system enables the user to define forms on vdu-terminals, specify calculations, and test all manually entered data. The LABKA system can also produce cumulative reporting as standard reporting, in real time, fast and in a very high print quality. The real-time demands have strongly influenced the design and layout of the lab files and system design.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1991

Acquiring a laboratory computer system. Vendor selection and contracting.

The steps involved in acquiring a computer system, from writing the request for a proposal to signing the contract, are discussed. Guidelines for selecting a system include information on the merits of different hardware and software available for use in the laboratory.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1979

Comprehensive analysis of a Radiology Operations Management computer system.

The Radiology Operations Management computer system at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania is discussed. The scheduling and file room modules are based on the system at Massachusetts General Hospital. Patient delays are indicated by the patient tracking module. A reporting module allows CRT/keyboard entry by transcriptionists, entry of standard reports by radiologists using bar code labels, and entry by radiologists using a specialty designed diagnostic reporting terminal. Time-flow analyses demonstrate a significant improvement in scheduling, patient waiting, retrieval of radiographs, and report delivery. Recovery of previously lost billing contributes to the proved cost effectiveness of this system.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1986

Implementing a mainframe packaged pharmacy computer system in a 190-bed hospital.

The implementation of a pharmacy computer system in a 190-bed institution is described. A computer system was instituted in the pharmacy department as part of a hospitalwide conversion to an online information system. Planning for implementation began nine months before the actual live date (date of full computerization). Problems in the existing distribution and record-keeping systems that might be eliminated by computerization were identified, and changes in the layout of the pharmacy and department procedures were initiated to prepare for computerization. The events leading to computerization are presented in chronological order, and the advantages and shortcomings of the system are discussed. Because of careful planning, the cooperation of all pharmacy staff members, and frequent assistance from the computer vender, the nine-month conversion to a computerized system proceeded smoothly.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specialized PC software package for creation of computer systems supporting partial diagnostics based on numerical results of medical examinations.

Computer scientists creating computer systems supporting partial diagnostics based on numerical results of medical examinations always follow a similar method. Why not algorithmize this procedure? This was the main reason for preparation of the specialized PC software presented in the paper. The software is addressed to clinicians-scientists and enables such users to create by themselves (with no need of programming) practically useful computer systems for differential diagnosis of chosen diseases. These generated systems are assigned to an end-user, i.e. any physician interested in a partial diagnosis of the considered type. They perform classification of patients on the basis of numerical results of the examinations selected for the training databases. The software is based on a statistical approach; multi-dimensional variance analysis and discriminant analysis methods have been used. The pilot version of the software (experimentally implemented in a Warsaw clinic) and an outline of planned work are presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Experimental identification of technical and database factors that can affect the success of clinical computer systems.

The entry of clinical data into computer systems is an extremely demanding form of transaction processing. High speed is important, especially if the collection involves real-time data. Clinicians must feel that they intuitively understand a system and that it is responsive. Medical data must be easily accommodated without sacrificing accuracy or completeness. Most systems cannot do this. Clinical systems that involve on-line storage of data from patients should employ data-base technology. Systems that lack any of the following capabilities will not succeed: manual data entry, a data dictionary, a file system, utility functions, ad hoc query, and a statistical report generator. These general capabilities must satisfy a number of specific functional requirements if the entire system is to be a success. A group of such requirements have been experimentally validated. These will be discussed and a more comprehensive list presented.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

Point-of-service computer system and drug-use evaluation: implications for pharmacy practice in ambulatory care.

The point-of-service (POS) computer system and its possible effects on ambulatory-care pharmacy practice are described. The POS system, a key component of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act, is an electronic claims-transmittal device to be installed in community pharmacies. The system transmits information about the patient and the prescribed drug to a claims processor, which verifies the eligibility of the patient for Medicare drug benefits, determines the amount of payment allowed, and sends information back to the POS terminal in less than 30 seconds. Because prescription information can be consolidated into a central data pool, drug-use patterns can be reviewed. The system will also permit automated screening of drug-drug interactions. Problems posed by the POS system relate to (1) the lack of a claims-transmittal device that can communicate with all claims processors, (2) the lack of a direct interface between the POS system and all pharmacy computer systems, (3) the expense of training personnel to operate the POS system, (4) the cost incurred by pharmacies in installing the POS system, and (5) the conflict between protecting the privacy of a patient's drug profile and permitting the monitoring of drug interactions. The catastrophic coverage act proposes that POS data be used to assess the appropriateness of drug use with a focus on outcome and quality-of-care issues; for the full intent of the act to be achieved, the components of an effective drug-use-evaluation program must be employed. Drug-use evaluation should eventually decrease health-care costs and improve quality of care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1977

A computer system automatic analysis of vectorcardiograms.

This computer system performs the analysis of orthogonal electrocardiograms for vectorcardiographic (VCG) display and classification. The data acquisition can be performed 'on-line' with the complete analysis in 'real-time', or off-line by processing a magnetic tape. The original computational methods for beat averaging and wave recognition are described. Some features, such as the quality of the visual display of the VCG traces, the availability of a measurement matrix allowing the quantitative analysis of the VCG and the use of a data bank for storage, retrieval and statistical studies make this system very efficient for clinical purposes, introducing the concept of 'Computer Assisted Vectorcardiography'.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

Extending the capabilities of a laboratory computer system through cooperative processing.

The concept of cooperative processing within the context of a hospital or laboratory computer systems environment is introduced. Two examples that produce graphical display of laboratory data are described to illustrate cooperative processing's ability to enhance a system's functionality without placing significant additional burden on system resources.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

Computer system and software of POSITOLOGICA II: a whole body positron emission tomograph.

Since a whole body PET-scanner POSITOLOGICA II was installed at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in 1982, improvements of the computer system and developments of new software have been continuously made to correspond to clinical requirements. As the result, POSITOLOGICA II possesses one of the most powerful systems and sophisticated software in Japan. This report describes the present status of the computer system and software of POSITOLOGICA II. It also discusses problems which still exist and proposes a future computer system for the PET study.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Implementing a stand-alone packaged pharmacy computer system in a 580-bed hospital.

The problems experienced by a hospital pharmacy department in implementing a stand-alone packaged computer system are discussed, and recommendations for avoiding and managing these problems are presented. In 1984, a stand-alone packaged computer system was implemented in a 580-bed, tertiary-care institution that provides services from a central pharmacy and five satellite pharmacies. The department developed a request for proposal and contracted with a vender for a system that would support unit dose drug distribution and i.v. admixture services. During the implementation process, the following problems were experienced: The hardware was insufficient for the department's workload, the software design was limited, and personnel were frustrated with learning to use the system. These problems were intensified by the heavy workload and the large number of users. In the 18 months since implementation, the department has purchased more hardware, improved the software applications, and resolved many of the problems associated with employee frustration. Pharmacy departments at other large institutions might avoid some of these problems by training personnel adequately before implementation and by researching and estimating hardware and software needs in advance. In this large hospital, the efficiency of a stand-alone packaged pharmacy computer system has improved 18 months after implementation.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer systems in labor and delivery units. Critical issues.

Although most hospitals use computer systems in other areas, many nurses have had limited hands-on experience with computers. The issues to address when a bedside computer system is selected and introduced into a labor and delivery unit are presented.

Computer User Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing a computer system: issues for nurse administrators.

Because more and more health care agencies are becoming computerized, nursing administrators need to increase their knowledge about computer systems. Specifically, they must have at least some basic knowledge regarding the purchase, implementation, and maintenance of systems, because they and their staff are ultimately affected by them. This article describes how one agency managed the implementation of a new computer system and the issues that the nurse administrator faced during this process.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1992

Human reciprocal translocations: a new computer system for genetic counseling.

A new computer system for genetic counseling in reciprocal translocations is described. This system, namely RCPc (RCP counseling) is a knowledge base extracted from a data base called SCD (Structural Chromosome Data) which contains 1376 families carrying reciprocal translocations. RCPc gives key information for each translocation which allows an evaluation of the risk of unbalance at birth and a prediction of the characteristics of potential unbalances. This information could provide a useful basis for deciding whether a prenatal diagnosis is required and if so, the preferred sampling method i.e. amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

Artificial Intelligence↗