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[Possibilities of assessment of the volume of extracellular fluid in children by integral conductometry].

The aim of this research was to specify M. I. Tischenko's formula (1978) for the estimation of the volume of extracellular liquid on the basis of integral resistance so as to use it in children. Simultaneous assessment of the volume of extracellular fluid by thiosulfate dilution method and registration of the basal integral resistance with data processing helped correct the formula for use in practical pediatrics. The technique of assessment of the volume of extracellular fluid is simple, does not involve intravenous infusions of drugs or blood collection, rapid, and reproducible under any conditions. It may be used for assessment of the volume of extracellular fluid in children with the edematous syndrome associated with renal diseases (acute renal failure, glomerulonephritis), liver diseases, circulatory insufficiency. Repeated studies give valuable information about the state of water-salt metabolism in patients with hyper- or dehydration and help assess the therapy efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Two-Dimensional detection in ion chromatography: sequential conductometry after suppression and passive hydroxide introduction.

An improved method that uses sequential suppressed and nonsuppressed IC for the sensitive detection of both common anions and very weak acid anions is described. After suppressed conductometric detection of an electrolytically generated hydroxide eluent and an electrolytic suppressor, the eluent is passed into a membrane device where KOH is passively introduced into the eluent stream using Donnan forbidden leakage. A second conductivity detector then measures the conductivity of the stream. The background conductance of the second detector is typically maintained at a relatively low level of 20-30 microS/ cm. The weak acids are converted to potassium salts that are fully ionized and are detected against a low KOH background as negative peaks. The applicability of different commercially available cation exchange membranes was studied. Device configurations investigated include planar, tubular, and a filament-filled annular helical (FFAH) device. The FFAH device provided more effective mixing of the penetrated hydroxide with the eluent stream, resulting in a noise level of < or = 7 nS/cm and a band dispersion value of less than 82 microL. Optimal design and performance data are presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Interactions between gemini surfactants, 12-s-12, and beta-cyclodextrin as investigated by NMR diffusometry and electric conductometry.

The interaction between beta-cyclodextrin (CD) and gemini surfactant of the type alkyl-alpha,omega-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) with different spacer lengths of 2, 8, and 10 carbons has been investigated by means of electric conductivity (EC) and proton self-diffusion NMR at 298 K. The formation of a 2:1 (CD:gemini) complex in a two-step mechanism is observed with the first association constant (K(11)) higher than the second one (K(21)), but both relatively small in comparison with single C(12)-tailed surfactant. The value of the association constants increased with spacer length both for the first and second associated CD, which indicates that the available space on the gemini molecule is important. The magnitudes of the association constant both for the first and second complexation are discussed. The first association constant is small (when compared with the homologous single-chain surfactant) due to hydrophobic interaction between the hydrocarbon tails within the gemini molecule, while the second association constant shows no cooperativity and its magnitude is discussed in terms of steric constrains.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Individual selection of the total dose of laser energy in percutaneous laser disk nucleotomy].

On the basis of studies on concentration and mobility of ions in the solution (conductometry technique) an individual selection is suggested of the total dose of laser energy during the percutaneous laser disk nucleotimy sessions. The conductometry technique permits arriving at an objective decision on both completion/continuation of the operation and change in the laser energy rate.

Diskectomy, Percutaneous↗