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PubMed2026

Big data analytics for CLEC5A dynamics based on single cell genomics and proteomics reveal its diverse functions in human diseases.

BACKGROUND: CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5 member A) is an innate immune receptor implicated in inflammatory signaling, contributing to hyperinflammatory responses in infections and sterile inflammation. However, CLEC5A dynamics in human diseases remain to be identified. Here, we systematically characterized CLEC5A dynamics in humans across cells, tissues, and disease states, and to explore the functional significance of CLEC5A in macrophage activation based on single-cell genomics. METHODS: With multi-omics (scRNA-seq, proteomics and big data analytics), we analyzed extensive human transcriptomic datasets (>42,000 samples) to profile CLEC5A expression by cell type, tissue, and disease. Single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) from pediatric congenital heart disease and a virtual CLEC5A gene knockout were also performed to characterize CLEC5A dynamics in humans. RESULTS: CLEC5A is highly enriched in innate immune cells, particularly in macrophages and neutrophils. Baseline CLEC5A in most tissues is low, but it is markedly upregulated in inflammatory and infectious diseases. CLEC5A expression has sex-specific differences in certain organs. Single-cell analysis showed that CLEC5A can be considered novel marker of proinflammatory macrophages with elevated cytokine production, antigen presentation, and impaired phagocytosis. Virtual CLEC5A knockout analysis identified coordinated perturbation of immune-regulatory pathways and overlapping genes linking CLEC5A to macrophage activation networks. CONCLUSION: CLEC5A is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells and acts as a key amplifier of inflammation in human diseases. Our findings highlight CLEC5A as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in myeloid-driven hyperinflammatory conditions, warranting further experimental and translational validation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specifications for gum arabic (Acacia senegal); analytical data for samples collected between 1904 and 1989.

The regulatory specifications for gum arabic (Acacia senegal) are superficial and inadequate to ensure that it is not adulterated with non-permitted gums from other botanical sources. Moreover, the existing specifications do not give the consumer the essential assurance, fundamental to food safety evaluation principles, that the nature and quality of gum arabic used in foodstuffs always conforms to that of the Test Article selected for the toxicological studies which justified the current status ('ADI not specified') of gum arabic as a permitted food additive. The availability of well-preserved gum arabic samples, collected between 1904 and 1939, has enabled invaluable data to be added to those derived from samples from the most recent crops. The resulting analytical data substantiate and greatly extend the quantitative information available previously for the chemical characterization of gum arabic for regulatory and trade purposes. The data confirm that good-quality commercial gum arabic was used previously as the Test Article. There is no evidence that the specific rotation of gum arabic has become significantly less negative in recent years.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2002

[A novel fingerprint method for quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal plants based on analytical data visualization].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate new method for evaluating the quality of Chinese Medicinal Plants (CMP). METHOD: A visualization technique for representing instrumental analytical data was developed by applying the fundamental of Data Visualization, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and spatial projection transformation, original IR spectral data were projected into a low-dimensional subspace so that the dimensionality of original data space was decreased and tiny fingerprint features were extracted. The data set in the subspace was visualized by means of two-dimensional grayscale images. Consequently, the characteristic fingerprint for appraising the quality of CMP was obtained. RESULT: 42 mulberry root-bark samples from three different quality classes were identified with the proposed method, which showed that the fingerprint images had satisfactory resolution and classification accuracy as high as 90.5%. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is a useful technique for appraising the quality of CMP.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1982

Age-at-onset of leprosy. (An analytic data from Northern India).

Very little information is available from Northern India about various intriguing facets of epidemiology of leprosy. Age-at-onset is a very important aspect of the epidemiology of the disease process. In the present study an analytic data of the patients from Northern India is presented. The mean age-at-onset of leprosy in males was 31.49 years and in female 29.43 years. The mean age-at-onset for N, N ? L and L types was 30.14, 30.12 and 34.13 years respectively. The data compared well with those of earlier series.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances. VIII. Preparation and various analytical data of reference standard of some stimulants, amfepramone, cathinone, N-ethylamphetamine, fenethylline, fenproporex and mefenorex].

The Reference Standards for amfepramone, cathinone, N-ethylamphetamine, fenethylline, fenproporex and mefenorex were prepared. Their purities determined by HPLC were more than 99.5%. For the identification and determination of these six drugs, their analytical data were measured and discussed by TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances (VII). Preparation and various analytical data of standard references of some hallucinogens, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 5-methoxy-3,4- methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA)].

The Reference Standards of 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) were prepared. Their purities determined by HPLC were 99.8% for DMA hydrochloride, 99.8% for MDMA hydrochloride and 99.5% for MMDA hydrochloride. For the identification and determination, various analytical data of the three drugs were measured and studied by TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances. VI. Preparation and various analytical data of reference standards of some hallucinogens, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (STP), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET)].

The Reference Standards of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (STP), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET) were prepared. Their purities measured by HPLC were 99.5% for STP hydrochloride, 99.8% for DOB hydrobromide and 99.5% for DOET hydrochloride. For the identification and determination, various analytical data of the three drugs were obtained by using UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR, and the discrimination were discussed.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed1984

Dextropropoxyphene poisoning: problems with interpretation of analytical data.

Difficulties in the estimation and interpretation of dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene analyses have added to the controversy concerning the toxicity of these compounds. Poor performance in external proficiency assessment trials reflects the unsatisfactory state of many dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene analyses in general use. There is substantial overlap between blood concentrations of dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene encountered in chronic therapeutic dose and those associated with acute toxicity. As dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene are often taken in overdose with other drugs, their blood concentrations must be interpreted in the context of careful identification and quantitation of such agents. The present availability of accurate methods for measurement of parent drug and metabolite should now make anecdotal reports unsupported by analytical data entirely superfluous.

Dextropropoxyphene↗
PubMed2001

Practical approach to archival and retrieval of analytical data in the laboratory.

Today's analytical laboratory uses a large number of different instruments that are connected in networks. Together with increasing automation, data are produced at a rate that can easily reach gigabytes per month, which generates the problem of systematic archival. In addition, working under Good Laboratory Practice requires that archival of raw data be performed in such a way that they can be readily retrieved upon request, even years later. While systematic archival of data is already performed in most laboratories, it is the retrieval of saved information that is often far from straightforward. This paper describes a simple but systematic approach for both archival and retrieval of data files and related electronic documents. It consists of an unambiguous scheme for the naming of electronic files, an efficient backup strategy, a simple database holding information about any data acquired, and a convenient interface to this database that can be accessed from any workplace while assuring restricted access. The system is capable of handling several databases concurrently and is used in our facility to archive data from several workgroups. The use of freely available software such as the Linux operating system made it possible to implement a fast and stable solution at exceptionally low cost.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1988

Collection of analytical data for benzodiazepines and benzophenones.

On April 1st, 1986, amendments were made to Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 such that 33 benzodiazepines became controlled as Class C drugs in the U.K. An analytical database has been prepared to aid the detection and identification of controlled benzodiazepines. Chromatographic properties have been measured including gas chromatography (GC) retention index values, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) capacity factors and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) RF x 100 values. UV spectroscopic and mass spectrometric (MS) data have also been recorded. Analytical data (GC, TLC and MS) are also presented for benzophenones which were produced by acid hydrolysis of the parent benzodiazepines.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutic, toxic and fatal blood concentration ranges of antiepileptic drugs as an aid to the interpretation of analytical data.

1 Problems associated with the interpretation of analytical results are often related to the ineffective presentation of reference information. Concentration-response curves overcome many of the problems by presenting all available information concisely and by allowing clear comparisons between drug concentrations associated with different pharmacological responses. Although visual comparison of such curves is possible, it can be advantageous to represent them numerically. 2 Numerical representations are used in the present work to compare sub-therapeutic, optimally therapeutic, toxic (side-effects and severe effects), and fatal blood concentrations of the commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs. 3 Blood drug concentrations accounting for 50% of the population (EC50) are expressed in relation to the concentrations accounting for 10% (EC10) and 90% (EC90) of the population in each clinical category. 4 Such EC10-EC50-EC90 ranges are shown to represent adequately the concentration-response curves. They demonstrate the overlap between drug blood concentrations associated with the various responses and give a good indication of the expected response at any concentration. The concentration ranges are therefore a very useful interpretative aid in therapeutic drug monitoring, emergency toxicology, and forensic toxicology.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1996

Effects of four normalizing methods on data analytic results in functional brain imaging.

Functional brain imaging data may contain large individual differences in information about whole brain and regional levels of activity, and it is common to remove these differences using arithmetic transformation (normalization) prior to statistical analysis. As no single transformation is widely accepted, we examine the effects of four normalizing methods (ratioing, residuals from regressions on global cerebral blood flow, Z scores, and subject residual profiles) on 1) profile shape, 2) correlations between regions, 3) correlations between subjects, and 4) analysis of variance results. These effects are evaluated using an empirical data set consisting of regional cerebral blood flow values from 22 regions of interest in 46 depressed adults and 48 age-matched normal controls obtained by 133Xe single photon emission computed tomography. Results show that normalization method has substantial but different effects on characteristics of the data and statistical results. The rationing method appears to be an optimal choice for most analyses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Selenium content of a core group of foods based on a critical evaluation of published analytical data.

References published since 1960 that report analyses of selenium in foods were collected and evaluated according to criteria in five categories: number of samples, analytical method, sample handling, sampling plan, and analytical quality control. Data were grouped by food item and rated according to the criteria that had been developed specifically for evaluating the quality of selenium data. Ratings assigned to the data from each study yielded a Quality Index, indicating which data would be included in the calculation of the mean selenium value for each food item. The Quality Indexes for acceptable studies were summed to determine a Confidence Code, intended to indicate the relative degree of confidence the user can have in each mean selenium value. The selection of selenium core foods was based on their selenium concentration and frequency of consumption. Foods were ranked by multiplying selenium concentration by the amount consumed by the 36,255 individuals who provided 3-day dietary intake data in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Mean, minimum, and maximum selenium values, Confidence Codes, ranks, and references have been compiled for 114 food items. The five most highly ranked food aggregates (beef, white bread, pork, chicken, and eggs) provided half of the selenium accounted for in the diets of the survey respondents.

Diet↗
PubMed2002

Comparability of world-wide analytical data of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in samples of chicken, butter and salmon.

It was the primary objective of the present study to elucidate, from a chemical analytical point of view, the comparability of dioxin determinations and the consequences concerning the data on levels in food reported world-wide. To do so, an international intercalibration study on the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like PCBs in three natural food items was performed between March and June 2000. Samples of chicken, butter and salmon, collected in Norway, where sent to 42 laboratories and analysed for 20 PCDDs/PCDFs/non-ortho PCBs. The study generated congener-specific data for the three food matrixes both on wet weight and lipid basis. The reported data from 37 laboratories, in 15 countries, were statistically analysed in order to determine the congener-specific comparability as well as the comparability based on a toxic equivalency value (TEQ). Based on the reported data the mean relative standard deviations (mean RSD) for the WHO98-TEQDFP measurements were found to range from 36% to 57% the three foods. For chicken, the consensus level was 1.2 ppt TEQ on lipid basis, and the reported levels by 24 laboratories were between 0.53 and 2.2 ppt. For butter, the consensus was 0.55 ppt TEQ. 27 laboratories reported levels from 0.18 up to 1.5 ppt. For the salmon, sample levels of 5.9 to 38 ppt TEQ (by 25 laboratories) was reported where 15 ppt was the consensus value. It can thus be concluded that the world-wide data on dioxins, at background levels in foods, are not direct numerically comparable due to inherent analytical reasons. Up to 50% deviations are expected when interlaboratory dioxin results for foods are compared.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analytical data on the aquifer strata in the city of Iaşi].

In this paper are presented the results of the analytical study of some sources of water from Botanic Garden, Iaşi, Romania. This sources contained a distinguished water, hypo and hypertonic, which can be used as curative magnesiene water.

Mineral Waters↗