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PubMed2004

[Home visiting as an instrument of data collecting and health surveillance: experience report].

This is an experience report that describes and analyzes home visiting, while a modality of activate search, to work as an instrument to collect data for the practice of health research and surveillance. It is mainly based on field notes. It discusses the potentialities of the home visiting applicability in academic researches and in the practice of health surveillance. We conclude that home visiting is an efficient instrument to collect data and to do health surveillance, and it represents a way of executing agile and trustworthy techniques of research, which is still not well explored.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

Does the use of an automated tool for self-reporting mood by patients with bipolar disorder bias the collected data?

CONTEXT: Automating data collection from patients can improve data quality, enhance compliance, and decrease costs in longitudinal studies. About half of all households in industrialized countries now have a home computer. OBJECTIVE: While we previously validated the ChronoRecord software for self-reporting mood on a home computer with patients who have bipolar disorder, this study further investigates whether this technology created a bias in the collected data. METHODS: During the validation study, 80 of 96 (83%) patients returned 8662 days of data (mean, 114.7 +/- 32.3 SD days). The patients' demographics were compared with those of similar longitudinal studies in which patients used paper-based data collection tools. In addition, because demographic characteristics may influence attitudes toward technology, observer-rated scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to group patients by severity of illness, and the self-reported mood ratings were analyzed for evidence of bias from the patients' gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, age, disability status, or years of education. Analysis was performed using the 2-way analysis of variance and general linear model. RESULTS: The patients' demographic characteristics were very similar to those of patients with bipolar disorder who participated in comparable longitudinal studies using paper-based tools. After grouping the patients by severity of illness, none of the demographic variables had a significant effect on the patients' self-reported mood using the automated tool. CONCLUSION: The use of a computer does not seem to bias sample data. As with studies using paper-based self-reporting, results from studies of patients using ChronoRecord software on a home computer to report mood can be generalized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Influence of the method of data collection on the documentation of blood-pressure readings with an Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS).

The influence of methods for record keeping on the documentation of vital signs was assessed for the Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) NarkoData. We compared manually entered blood-pressure readings with automatically collected data. These data were stored in a data-base and subsequently evaluated and analyzed. The data sets were split into two groups, "manual" and "automatic". We evaluated the effect of automatic data collection on the incidence of corrected data, data validity and data variation. Blood-pressure readings of 37,726 data sets were analyzed. We could assess that the method of documentation did influence the data quality. It could not be assessed whether the incorrectness of data during automatic data gathering was caused by artefacts or by the anesthesiologist.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1983

Stopped-flow solution scattering using synchrotron radiation: apparatus, data collection and data analysis.

We have constructed an experimental system, under remote control, for stopped-flow X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. It has been used, in conjunction with an annular detector and its associated electronics, to obtain good scattering curves, with time-slices as short as 200 ms, in a new study of the dissociation of the enzyme complex aspartate transcarbamylase. The data have been analysed by new statistical methods, and they agree well with the results from parallel chemical quench experiments. For studying dissociation reactions, stopped-flow X-ray scattering is a quite practical method, which need not use very much more material than conventional stopped-flow experiments.

Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase↗
PubMed2005

Using diaries to collect data in resource-poor settings: questions on design and implementation.

Diaries, as a tool for data collection, have been around for some time. Lessons shared to date come from disparate settings and there remains a degree of ambiguity regarding the value of diaries, particularly in resource-poor settings where populations are often illiterate and highly mobile. We recently designed a pictorial diary for the collection of data on household consumption and expenditure in Tanzania and The Gambia. A random sample of 361 diary keepers in The Gambia and 308 in Tanzania maintained diaries for a period of 12 months. The aim of this paper is to share some of the lessons learnt in developing and applying this instrument. It is structured around a series of questions about diaries that we found relatively few answers to when we first embarked on this study. These questions include: how should a diary be designed? How long should a diary be maintained? When should entries be recorded? Who should keep the diary? The motive behind this paper is simple: to provide future researchers who are contemplating using diaries in resource-poor settings with some practical information that may guide them through this process.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Equity in environmental health: data collection and interpretation issues.

In order to assess the issue of inequity in exposure to environmental hazards, researchers must identify subgroups whose exposure is disproportionately greater than the average exposure experienced by the remainder of the population. The general population is a complex mixture of subgroups, each consisting of individuals who experience a wide range of exposures and whose ability to cope with the consequences of those exposures is equally varied. Therefore, large efforts are needed to collect data that will enable researchers to determine comprehensively which subgroups are highly exposed and which subgroups have disproportionately greater health effects as a result of exposures to environmental hazards. The interpretation of findings is more of an art than a science, especially when two population subgroups are being contrasted. Addressing environmental equity requires explicit comparisons between groups, and racial and ethnic contrasts will be prominent. It is often difficult to identify the underlying mechanisms that produce particular patterns of results. However, researchers and policy makers must understand the dynamics that may have produced a particular pattern of results so they can separate those factors that are amenable to change from those that are not.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

Data collection in clinical toxicology: are there too many variables?

The evidence base of clinical toxicology suffers in comparison to other clinical disciplines. There is an excess of case reports and case series with little in the way of case control or cohort studies, and very few randomized controlled trials. While randomized controlled trials are rightly regarded as the gold standard for interventional studies, they have limitations that are particularly evident in the practice of clinical toxicology. Properly conducted observational studies using quantitative, epidemiological methods [nonrandomized trials, cohort studies (prospective and retrospective), case control methods] can provide answers that may be impossible to obtain from randomized controlled trials. Development of a strong evidence base is essential for progress in clinical toxicology. Whether that evidence base is derived from randomized controlled trials or observational studies, it is essential to collect data. Important observations can be made from basic clinical data and systematic collection of those data into some form of electronic database has siginificant advantages. A clinical database provides accurate information in the areas of clinical practice, quality assurance (audit), and research. In the area of research, an appropriately designed database can be both a source of hypotheses as well as a vehicle to test them. It can also serve as a repository of research data in subsequent randomized controlled trials.

Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic↗
PubMed1994

Data collection at short wavelengths in protein crystallography.

The development of high-intensity X-ray sources and the use of insertion devices will make it possible to collect data routinely from protein crystals at very short wavelengths (lambda </= 0.5 A). Possible benefits of using shorter wavelengths can be inferred from the improvement in the quality of the data when using a wavelength lambda approximately 0.9 A instead of one close to the Cu Kalpha emission edge. In addition to fewer absorption errors, two factors might contribute to this improvement. These are an increase in the lifetime of the protein crystal and a better signal-to-background ratio. In this paper we address the second of these. In order to compare the quality of the data and the relative background level in the diffraction patterns at different wavelengths two data sets have been collected at lambda = 0.92 and 0.55 A. The results obtained from data processing and careful measurement of the background in the raw images suggest that, in the absence of absorption errors and radiation damage, data collection at very short wavelengths does not provide higher quality data. There is no improvement in the signal-to-background ratio in the short-wavelength data.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Data collected in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

The Canadian Study of Health and Aging collected data focusing on the epidemiology of dementia, using interviews and questionnaires, clinical and neuropsychological examinations, physical measurements and blood collection, and access to public records such as death certificates, from people 65 and over in community (N = 9,008) institutional settings (N = 1,255). The study produced 12 data sets, including community health interviews, clinical and neuropsychological assessments, risk factor questionnaires, and caregiver interviews. This report describes the data collection and processing procedures, summarizes the content of each data set, and outlines the information collected in sufficient detail to permit its suitability for secondary analyses to be scrutinized.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telephone versus face to face interviewing as a means of collecting data relevant to the management of diabetes among general practitioners in France: a randomized design.

Successful patient education requires planed programs with specific target populations. As general practitioners see 85% of noninsulin-dependent diabetics in France, this study was designed to test the feasibility of the telephone as a method for data collection within the context of a random sample of general practitioners in the Paris region. In addition, data were collected assessing physician's perceptions of various barriers and facilitators to the management of this illness. The study demonstrated the feasibility of phone interviews among general practitioners, as no significant differences were found in response rates or for any single variable collected on the telephone versus "face-to-face". Treatment patterns were described and results indicated that 77% of general practitioners agreed to participate in a subsequent study and, of these 93% agreed to the participation of their noninsulin-dependent patients.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

Rapid NMR data collection.

Rapid data collection is an area of intense research in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy, in particular for high-throughput structure determination in structural genomics. NMR data acquisition and processing protocols for rapidly obtaining high-dimensional spectral information aim at avoiding sampling limited data collection and are reviewed here with emphasis on G-matrix Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--I: Kinematic data collection methodology.

In this paper, first, the principles of sonic digitizing are presented. Next, a description of quantitative determination of the relative motion between two body segments by utilization of sonic emitters is provided. A new kinematic data collection methodology and data analysis is proposed to check continuously the accuracy of the data collected by means of the sonic emitters. The first part of the paper is terminated by establishment of an accuracy criteria and selection of the most accurate data set and associated error analysis. Quantitative results based upon the kinematic data collection methodology of Part I were obtained for the forced kinematic motion of the human shoulder complex and are presented in Part II.

Arm↗
PubMed2004

Collecting data to assess SARS interventions.

With cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurring across geographic regions, data collection on the effectiveness of intervention strategies should be standardized to facilitate analysis. We propose a minimum dataset to capture data needed to examine the basic reproduction rate, case status and criteria, symptoms, and outcomes of SARS.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

Ethical permission for the publication of routinely collected data.

BACKGROUND: Data collected from undergraduate medical students for routine purposes on a non-consented basis, but subsequently perceived as being potentially valuable for research purposes, lie in an ethical grey area. Currently, such data appear to be used routinely without explicit consideration of ethical considerations. AIMS: This paper proposes a consistent framework that would permit the use of such data. It also provides an advance on current practice with regard to ethical considerations around the absence of consent. DISCUSSION: We argue that students should be informed of generic possible uses of such data and given the opportunity to opt out, that researchers should be able to analyse such data retrospectively, but should then seek ethical permission for publication, and that an ethics committee should determine if ethical practices have been upheld before giving permission for any study incorporating such data to be submitted for publication. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: It is hoped that these proposals will stimulate debate, and that the results of such debate will inform practice in medical schools and medical education publishing.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1991

Using routinely collected data for clinical research.

Clinical research involving prospective data collection in randomized controlled trials is not always feasible. Increasingly, hospitals are developing large clinical databases that are waiting to be mined. We have developed a computer program, ClinQuery, that facilitates such exploration and analysis. We have also shown in a series of studies that the use of clinical data is a powerful tool in health services research. In some cases, we have shown that coded data are inaccurate and that alternative clinical data are preferable. In other cases, a combination of clinical data and coded discharge diagnoses is preferable.

Boston↗