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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Dietetic therapy of diabetes and renal insufficiency (author's transl)].

Coincidence of chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus brings with it serious therapeutic problems, especially in dietetic treatment. It is not possible to wish to do justice to all the therapeutic principles of the text books to the same extent. The condition of renal failure with its demands takes precedence in all cases. But if the renal disease has not yet led to a perceptible retention of normal urinary constituents in the serum, no specific dietary measures are necessary. In these cases, the diabetic diet is proceded with in the usual manner.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Acebutolol, atenolol, and propranolol and metabolic responses to acute hypoglycaemia in diabetics.

In a double-blind crossover study the symptomatic and metabolic effects of propranolol, acebutolol, and atenolol were studied during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in diabetics treated with diet or hypoglycaemic tablets. All the drugs prevented tachycardia, but did not affect the other symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Propranolol delayed the recovery of the blood glucose concentration and impaired the secondary rise in the concentrations of blood lactate and non-esterified fatty acids in diet-treated diabetics. Acebutolol potentiated the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin in tablet-treated diabetics (mean difference of blood glucose concentration 0.7 mmol/l (12.6 mg/100 ml)) and this difference was maintained during the recovery phase4 the blood lactate response was also impaired. Atenolol did not differ perceptibly from placebo in its effect on the metabolic responses to acute hypoglycaemia. The results may be explained by differences in the known pharmacological actions of these drugs. They support the hypothesis that beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs that are highly beta1 specific and without membrane-stabilising activity should be safer than the non-selective drugs when used in diabetic patients at risk from hypoglycaemia.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1976

Oxygen transport impairment in diabetes.

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves (ODC) from zero to full saturation were developed from tests performed on whole blood from various groups of diabetic and nondiabetic healthy subjects. P50 at in-vivo pH was slightly but significantly lower than normal in ambulatory nonacidotic, uncomplicated juvenile diabetics (26.0 vs. 27.3 mm. Hg, P less than 0.001), despite increased red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations in diabetic erythrocytes (15.0 vs. 13.7 mumole/gm. Hb, P less than 0.001). This combination of changes is in keeping with the presence of increased proportions of hemoglobin AIc in insulin-treated diabetics. The position of the ODC was positively correlated with the 2,3-DPG concentration (P less than 0.01), which varied in response to fluctuations in plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) (P less than 0.001). Optimal metabolic control may lead to a normalization of the ODC in association with increased concentrations of red cell 2,3-DPG and P. When the diabetes was uncontrolled, the ODC was usually unchanged during the acidotic phase because the lowered pH balanced the effect of diminished 2,3-DPG concentration on the ODC. After correction of acidosis, the disproportion between erythrocyte 2,3-DPG and pH became quite prominent, accompanied by a corresponding fall in P50 (21.0 vs. 26.1 mm. Hg, P less than 0.001). Following ketoacidosis, with a persistently lowered Pi, it may take up to one week for 2,3-DPG to return to an approximately normal level, and the P50 will be impaired for the same period. A diphosphonate (EHDP) known to enhance tubular phosphate reabsorption in man was given to nonacidotic insulin-treated diabetic and healthy volunteers for 28 days. It caused a significant increase in mean Pi and P50 in both healthy and diabetic subjects (r = 0.58, P less than 0.01). When a dietary supplement of dibasic calcium phosphate was given to diabetic subjects for 28 days, a significant increase in P50 also occurred (25.2 vs. 27.2 mm. Hg, P less than 0.001). It is recommended that the diabetes diet be supplemented by dibasic calcium phosphate to prevent the inhibitory effect of a low concentration of Pi on red cell oxygen delivery.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1979

High-carbohydrate diets and insulin-dependent diabetics.

A high-carbohydrate-(HC)-modified fat diet was compared with a standard low-carbohydrate (LC) diabetic diet in 11 insulin-dependent diabetics. Basal and preprandial plasma glucose concentrations were appreciably lower when the patients received the HC diet derived chiefly from readily available cereal and vegetable sources (mean (+/- SE of mean) basal concentrations 6.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (121 +/- 22 mg/100 ml) with the LC diet and 4.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (77 +/- 13 mg/100 ml) with the HC diet; mean preprandial concentrations 11.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (200 +/- 22 mg/100 ml) LC diet and 8.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l (160 +/- 23 mg/100 ml) HC diet). total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were lower when patients took the HC diet (mean 4.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (189 +/- 8 and 124 +/- 8 mg/100 ml) respectively), and the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol tended to rise. The average percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ between the two diets. Thus several measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism appear to be more satisfactory when patients receive a HC diet, which is an acceptable alternative to that still recommended to most insulin-requiring patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A case of xanthomatosis and hyperlipoproteinemia type V propably induced by overdosage of insulin.

A woman, aged 46 years, with a hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype V, an unusual type of xanthomatosis, as well as lipemia retinalis, diabetes mellitus, and nephropathia, is discussed. The withdrawal of 64 IU insulin and the institution of a hypocaloric diabetes diet resulted in the disappearance of the skin lesions and a regression of the eye lesion. During this treatment the total lipid-level became almost normal (6,965 mg% before treatment and 947 mg% after 10 weeks). The chylomicrons disappeared but the VLDL content remained relatively and absolutely elevated, as in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.

Chylomicrons↗
PubMed1977

Metabolic effects of fenfluramine in obese diabetics.

1 In a single-blind, cross-over study fenfluramine in a daily dose of 120 mg was found to reduce the daily blood glucose level moderately in hospitalized obese diabetics treated with a 1200 calorie diabetic diet. 2 After 7 days of treatment, fenfluramine was found not to influence the intravenous glucose tolerance, the insulin response to intravenously administered glucose, or the growth hormone response to arginine. 3 No changes in blood levels of lactate, beta hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides or cholesterol were seen during fenfluramine treatment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of fructose, xylitol, or sorbitol as a sweetener in diabetes mellitus.

Nonnutritive sweeteners have been utilized in the diet of diabetic patients an an agent to replace glucose and sucrose. Since saccharin might be removed from the marketplace, the nutritive sweeteners fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol are being considered as possible alternatives for glucose and sucrose. This review considers the effects of these nutritive sweeteners on the main dietary concerns in the diabetic diet--control of blood glucose levels, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The potential side effects of these agents are also reviewed.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

Insulin-induced hyperphagia in alloxan-diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet.

Alloxan-diabetic rats fed a standard, low-fat diet lost body weight and were hyperphagic; those fed a high-fat diet lost comparable amounts of weight, but did not overeat compared to normal animals. When given injections of protamine-zinc insulin, all diabetic rats gained weight; however, while those fed the low-fat reduced food intake from elevated levels, diabetics fed the high-fat diet became hyperphagic. Diabetic rats maintained on a high-fat diet increased food intake during long-term insulin treatment sooner and to a greater extent than normal controls. These findings are interpreted in light of the effects of insulin on storage and supply of metabolic fuels.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Use of fructose, sorbitol, or xylitol as a sweetener in diabetes mellitus.

Non-nutritive sweeteners have been utilized in the diet of diabetic patients as agents to replace glucose and sucrose. Since saccharin might be removed from the market place, the nutritive sweeteners, fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol, are being considered as possible atlernatives. This review considers the effects of these nutritive sweeteners on the main dietary concerns in the diabetic diet, i.e., control of blood glucose levels, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The potential side effects of these agents are also reviewed.

Arteriosclerosis↗