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Smart ratio systems.

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Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems↗

Current assessment and proposed improvement to emergency medical information systems in Japan.

Most prefectural governments in Japan have been implementing, or planning to implement, emergency medical information systems that take advantage of advanced information-related technologies such as computers and communication systems, in order to improve their emergency medical care systems. We studied the emergency medical information systems to analyse their present status, clarify their purpose, and present the ideal system, in view of community health care requirements. Here the results of the research are examined, and there is a discussion of what is needed to improve the system in the future. The emergency medical information system in Aichi prefecture is taken as an example, to closely survey its present situation and analyse the evaluation of the system by the residents who are the major beneficiaries of the system.

Computer Systems↗

Systems approaches in emergency medical services: the history, the impact, and the future.

Systems approaches have been important in planning and evaluating emergency medical services (EMS) systems. However, maximal use of systems approaches are limited by small political boundaries, the lack of user-friendly systems tools, and the need for EMS planning staffs who are familiar with these systems tools. Developing technology, particularly communications, will continue to have a great impact on EMS delivery. In addition, the need is seen for continuing advances in systems concepts, and in particular, the promotion and incorporation of health and prevention of injury as systems concepts.

Emergencies↗

A strategic plan for disaster medicine in Australasia.

Disaster epidemiology reveals epidemic increases in incidence of disasters. Rare disasters with catastrophic consequences also threaten modern populations. This paper profiles natural disasters, transportation incidents, emerging infectious diseases, complex disasters and terrorism for their historical and future potential impact on Australasia. Emergency physicians are in a position to assume leadership roles within the disaster management community in Australasia. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine is in a position to lead medical specialty advances in disaster medicine in Australasia. To optimize its impact in disaster medicine, the specialty and its College have opportunities for advances in key areas of College administration, intra and interinstitutional representation, disaster preparedness and planning, disaster relief operations, education and training programs, applied clinical research, and faculty development.

Australia↗

Operational issues in EMS.

Improving outcomes for patients presenting to the EMS system relies on strong links at every level of the EMS system. Targeted deployment strategies that serve to limit the number of paramedics in each system foster a cadre of experienced paramedics that make a difference for seriously ill patients who present in the out-of-hospital setting. Dedicated physician directors who act as mentors at every level of the EMS system are essential elements of the successful EMS system.

Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems↗

Enabling virtual emergency healthcare enterprises using Web services.

Emergency healthcare delivery involves a variety of activities performed from the time of a call to the ambulance service till the time of patient's disposal from the emergency department of a hospital. As these activities are performed in at least two organizations (i.e. ambulance service and hospital) and they are interrelated to form inter-organizational healthcare processes, collaboration and coordination become a vital issue for patients and for emergency healthcare service performance. Web-based workflow systems in conjunction with web services present a new way for service-oriented integration (SOI) of disparate systems and for developing distributed applications within and between organizations. Thus, through process automation and the use of web services ambulance service and hospital emergency departments can automate their operations by making information available where and when needed and by providing an infrastructure for the integration of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency healthcare. A prototype implementation of this approach is presented in this paper.

Computer Systems↗

[Use of computer technics in the management of first aid stations].

Computer-based management system for emergency aid stations of Vologda is discussed. Principles of data collection, processing and storage are presented. Automatic data processing of Ministry Forms N 110/Y and 114/Y assists in solving most urgent problems. Information is supplied rather quickly, in a convenient form and is reliable. Multi-Level data application is medically, socially and economically effective. The system functions without drawing the staff of electronic engineers and programmers. Its introduction hasn't resulted in additional increase in the staff of medical statisticians.

Community Health Centers↗

Private land mobile radio services; bio-medical telemetry operations--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule.

This action changes rules in the Special Emergency Radio Service to permit the limited use of bio-medical telemetry systems on certain medical services VHF frequencies. The operation is to be allowed only beyond fifty miles from the center of urbanized areas of 600,000 or more population (U.S. Census of 1970). The bio-medical telemetry system is used to send electrocardiograms from patients to hospitals.

Electrocardiography↗

EMS system performance: the use of cardiac arrest timelines.

The time data used to analyze the significance of time-to-treatment intervals on times from sudden cardiac arrest vary by definition of time and individual system design, making it difficult to compare these data and to extrapolate findings from one study to another to achieve generalizable conclusions. A model is proposed to describe the time-to-treatment/time-to-patient response intervals sought by most researchers to evaluate quality of care and system performance. It provides a mechanism for incorporating system design elements into the cardiac arrest timeline proposed by the Utstein Conference. The present model is composed of generic patient management intervals (classes of intervals common to all systems) that are composed of component intervals (intervals particular to each system) that describe the system's conduct of an emergency medical services call, which, in turn, are constructed of data (activity) points unique to each system. Because each system defines its own data points, the present model permits rigorous definition and analysis of the time data produced by all systems. Each system thereby constructs reliable component intervals, producing a system-specific, real-time depiction of the events related to a cardiac arrest call. Because all systems share the same generic patient management intervals, the resulting cardiac arrest timeline can be compared with those from other systems to assess system performance. The goal of the present model is to facilitate further the standardization of cardiac arrest data acquisition and reporting and evaluation of emergency medical services system performance.

Data Collection↗