PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “English Abstract”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Can Dupuytren's contracture be work-related?: review of the evidence.

Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is a disease of the palmar fascia resulting in thickening and contracture of fibrous bands on the palmar surface of the hands and fingers. For decades, a controversy has existed regarding whether acute traumatic injury or cumulative biomechanical work exposure can contribute to the development of this disorder. To address this controversy, this review considers the following questions: Is there evidence that DC is associated with 1) frequent or repetitive manual work; and 2) hand vibration? The published literature was searched for studies meeting the following criteria: 1) in English or having an English abstract; 2) controlled studies; 3) DC an identified health outcome studied; and 4) the study group exposed to repetitive or frequent manual work, vibration, or acute traumatic injury. Relevant non-English articles identified through English abstracts were translated. The validity of studies meeting the selection criteria was assessed using a series of questions adapted from those of Stock [1991: Am J Ind Med 19:87-107]. Studies that met a priori minimum levels of methodologic quality were taken into account to reach conclusions with respect to the above questions. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each study. Ten studies met the initial selection criteria. Of these, four studies met the criteria for methodologic quality, one addressing the relationship between manual work and DC, and three studies of vibration and DC. No controlled studies of acute trauma and DC were identified. Bennett [1982: Br J Ind Med 39:98-100] found the prevalence of DC at a British PVC bagging and packing plant in which workers were exposed to repetitive manual work to be 5.5 times that at a local plant without packing, and twice the expected prevalence in a U.K. working population previously studied by Early [1962: J Bone Joint Surg 44B:602-613]. DC was observed more frequently among vibration white finger claimants than controls by Thomas and Clarke [1992: J Soc Occup Med 42:155-158] (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3-9), and more frequently among vibration-exposed workers than controls by Bovenzi et al. [1994: Occup Environ Med 51:603-611] (OR, 2.6 95% CI, 1.2-5.5). Cocco et al [1987: Med Lav 78:386-392] found that a history of vibration exposure occurred more frequently among cases of DC than among controls (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-4.4). The latter two studies presented some evidence of a dose-response relationship. There is good support for an association between vibration exposure and DC.

Causality↗
PubMed2000

Postnatal phenobarbitone for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether postnatal administration of phenobarbitone to preterm infants reduces the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), neurodevelopmental impairment or death. SEARCH STRATEGY: See the Search Strategy of the Neonatal Collaborative Review Group. The reviewer has been a active trialist in this area and has personal contact with many groups in this field. Journals handsearched from 1976 (when cranial CT scanning started) to November 1998 include: Pediatrics, J Pediatrics, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Pediatric Research, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Acta Paediatrica, European J of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, New England J of Medicine, Lancet and British Medical J. The National Library of Medicine (USA) database (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched through to November 1998 using the MeSH terms intraventricular hemorrhage, newborn infants, premature infant, intracranial hemorrhage, phenobarbitone, phenobarbital. The searches were not limited to the English language, as long as the article included an English abstract. Promising articles were read in the original language or translated. SELECTION CRITERIA: Included were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials in which phenobarbitone was given to preterm infants identified as being at risk of IVH because of gestational age below 34 weeks, birthweight below 1500 g, or respiratory failure. Adequate determination of IVH by ultrasound or CT was also required. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In addition to details of patient selection and control of bias, the details of the administration of phenobarbitone were extracted. The end-points searched for included: IVH ( with grading), posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation or hydrocephalus, neurodevelopmental impairment and death. In addition, possible adverse effects of phenobarbitone such as hypotension, mechanical ventilation, pneumothorax, hypercapnia, and acidosis were searched for. MAIN RESULTS: Nine controlled trials were included with 740 infants recruited. There was heterogeneity between trials for the outcome IVH, with one trial finding a significant decrease in IVH and another trial finding an increase in IVH in the group receiving phenobarbitone. Meta-analysis showed no difference between the phenobarbitone treated group and the control group in either IVH (typical relative risk 1.04, CI 0.87, 1.25), severe IVH (typical relative risk 0.91, CI 0.66, 1.27), posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (typical relative risk 0.89, CI 0.38, 2.08), severe neurodevelopmental impairment (typical relative risk 1.44, CI 0.41, 5.04) or death before hospital discharge (typical relative risk 0.88, CI 0.64, 1.21) There was a consistent trend in the trials towards increased use of mechanical ventilation in the phenobarbitone treated group, which was supported by the meta-analysis (typical relative risk 1.18, CI 1.06, 1.32; typical risk difference 0.129, CI 0.045, 0.213), but there was no significant difference in pneumothorax, acidosis or hypercapnia. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal administration of phenobarbitone cannot be recommended as prophylaxis to prevent IVH in preterm infants and is associated with an increased need for mechanical ventilation.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Graves' disease in the cervical thyroid and thyroglossal duct remnant: case report and review of literature.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with a rare presentation of Graves' disease in the cervical thyroid and thyroglossal duct remnant. METHODS: We present a detailed case report, including initial manifestations, laboratory findings, and radiologic evaluation of a patient with Graves' disease. A review of the relevant medical literature is included. A search for articles in the MEDLINE database from 1966 to November 2003 was performed with use of the following key words: thyroglossal duct remnant, thyroglossal duct cyst, thyrotoxicosis, Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, and ectopic thyroid tissue. The reference lists from the articles obtained from the MEDLINE database were then reviewed for other pertinent articles. English abstracts of non-English articles were also reviewed. RESULTS: A 63-year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. Examination of her neck was notable for a 3.5-cm soft, mobile midline mass overlying the thyroid cartilage. She had no extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory studies revealed a thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) level of 0.01 microIU/mL (normal range, 0.3 to 6.6) and free thyroxine level of 4.7 ng/dL (normal range, 0.6 to 1.5). An ultrasound study showed a normal-appearing thyroid and an infrahyoidal neck mass (3.0 by 1.7 cm). A radioiodine (123I) thyroid scan demonstrated diffuse homogeneous uptake throughout the gland in conjunction with 66.6% uptake at 24 hours. In addition, a large rounded area of increased activity slightly left of the midline was noted. The left anterior oblique image showed that this area was not continuous with the left upper pole. We thought that this finding represented a hyperfunctioning thyroglossal duct cyst or remnant tissue. Our patient subsequently underwent radioiodine therapy with 15.56 mCi of 131I. A review of the English-language literature revealed only rare case reports of thyrotoxicosis in ectopic thyroid tissue. CONCLUSION: Although the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis is common, to the best of our knowledge this is only the second case of Graves' disease involving the thyroglossal duct remnant reported in the English literature.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Evidence for hemispheric specialization of lexical distinctions in bilingual Chinese-Mandarin speakers.

Lexical decision vocal reaction times of a group of English-proficient, Chinese-Mandarin speakers and group of monolingual, English speakers were measured to unilaterally presented concrete and abstract English words. Results of an ANOVA showed a significant group x visual field x stimulus type interaction. Post-hoc analysis showed a significant right visual field advantage for the Chinese subjects. For the English speaking subjects, right visual field stimulations yielded significantly faster vocal reaction times to the abstract words than to the concrete ones, while the opposite occurred for left visual-field inputs. Also, a correlation between the two lateral conditions was significant for the Chinese subjects but not for the English speakers. These findings suggest that the English speakers evidenced dissociated left and right hemispheric linguistic processing while the Chinese subjects left hemisphere was responsible for the final phonological stages of linguistic analysis. Such findings support a phonological "monitor-user" hypothesis for cerebral dominance characteristics in bilingual Chinese speakers.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A novel use for the word "trend" in the clinical trial literature.

BACKGROUND: A new meaning of the word "trend" is appearing in reports of clinical trials. METHODS: Abstracts of all clinical trials in PubMed with English abstracts that contained the word "trend" for each decade from 1971 to 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: "Trend" was used 36 times in 1981, 170 times in 1991, to 375 times in 2001, most often to refer to a judgment about statistical significance. When the expression "significant trend" was accompanied by a P value, the P value was always less than 0.05; when the expression "nonsignificant trend" was accompanied by a P value, all P values were greater than 0.05; 25% of the time, P values were greater than 0.19, and 5% of the time, they were greater than 0.45. When the unmodified word "trend" was accompanied by a P value, most P values were greater than 0.05. However, on 16 occasions, the P value was less than 0.05, and 5% of the time, P values were greater than 0.20; on 1 occasion it was used with a P value of 0.6. About 30% of the time, the exact meaning of the word could not be determined from the abstract. CONCLUSION: A novel use of the word "trend" has developed in the medical literature over the last several decades. This novel use should be documented in technical dictionaries, and further discussion should occur about the implications of this new connotation. In the meantime, clinical trials reporting can be improved by accompanying the word "trend" with associated P values or point estimates and 95% confidence intervals.

Analysis of Variance↗