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PubMed1981

Viscid faecal masses and acute appendicitis.

The luminal contents of 200 consecutive appendicectomy specimens were examined prospectively to see if there was any association between viscid faecal matter and acute appendicitis. Faecaliths were found in 13.5 per cent of appendices and were associated with acute inflammation. Viscid faecal masses were present in 28.5 per cent of appendices, but were found more frequently in normal appendices. It is concluded that there is no relationship between acute appendicitis and viscid faecal matter in the lumen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Green and black tea consumption by humans: impact on polyphenol concentrations in feces, blood and urine.

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of green tea, black tea and decaffeinated black tea consumption on urinary and fecal excretions and whole blood and blood serum concentrations of polyphenols. The 56 day study was divided into four randomly arranged experimental periods of 14 days each during which the 10 healthy adult subjects consumed a laboratory controlled, constant, measured diet based on ordinary foods. During separate periods, subjects received no tea, green tea, regular black tea or decaffeinated black tea beverages at the three daily meals. Subjects made complete collections of urine and stools throughout the study and fasting blood samples were drawn at the beginning of the study and at the end of each experimental period. Polyphenols contained in urine, feces, whole blood, blood serums, food and tea were analyzed by the spectrophotometry method of Wah Lau et al. (1989). Green tea consumption resulted in highest intakes in greatest fecal and urinary excretions, highest retentions, and high whole blood concentrations of polyphenols followed by effects of regular black tea, decaffeinated black tea and no tea treatments. These results indicate that polyphenols from tea are at least partly absorbable. Hence, both positive and negative effects of dietary polyphenol may occur internal to the body proper and not only as effects within the intestines.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

First 100 cases with Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine the benefits of a Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation technique in terms of surgical outcome, functional recovery, and postoperative pain. METHODS: Using local, regional, or general anesthesia, 100 patients with symptomatic Grades II or III hemorrhoids underwent sonographic identification and suture ligation of six to eight terminal branches of the superior rectal artery above the dentate line. Visual Analog Scales were used for postoperative pain scoring. Surgical and functional outcomes were assessed at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: There were 42 (42 percent) males and 58 (58 percent) females (mean age, 42 years; median duration of symptoms, 6.3 years). The mean operative time was 19 minutes. Local anal block combined with intravenous sedation (n = 93) or general or spinal (n = 7) anesthesia was used. Only five were hospitalized overnight. There was no urinary retention, bleeding, or mortality in the immediate postoperative course. The mean pain score decreased from 2.1 at two hours postoperative to 1.3 on the first postoperative day. All patients had a complete functional recovery by the third postoperative day. Ninety-four patients remained asymptomatic after a mean follow-up of six months: four patients required additional surgical excision, and two required rubber band ligations for persistent bleeding. On follow-up, there was no report of incontinence to gas or feces, fecal impaction, or persistent pain. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicates that Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation is safe and effective and can be performed as an outpatient procedure with local or regional anesthesia and with minimal postoperative pain and early recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. XXXI. "Strainodynia": an etiopathologic study.

"Strainodynia" is the name I give to the excessive and exhaustive straining that may accompany defecation. Eighty-six patients with strainodynia were studied; the investigations comprised study of the stool character, proctoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, intestinal transit rate, EMG, manometry, and rectal biopsy. These patients were classified into 3 groups: band, diet, and levator strainodynia. The first, band strainodynia, more common in men, presented with a normal stool character. However, the rectal neck pressure was elevated, and a fibrous band could be demonstrated by a rectal neck biopsy. Bandotomy relieved the strainodynia. Diet strainodynia, more common in women, presented with stool frequency and weight less than normal. Rectal neck pressure was normal or elevated, and the rectosphincteric reflex was diminished. There was internal sphincter fibrosis. Improvement occurred after dietary management or internal sphincterotomy. Levator strainodynia was due to levator dysfunction syndrome. Stools were repeatedly obstructed at defecation despite normal stool character. Rectal neck pressure was elevated only on straining. There was reduced levator myoelectric activity. Levatorplasty cured the condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between stool hardness and stool composition in breast- and formula-fed infants.

"Constipation" and "hard stools" are associated with formula feeding of both term and preterm infants and, in the latter, can lead to life-threatening complications. This study tested the hypothesis that stool hardness is related to excretion of fatty acid (FA) soaps in term infants, and in the extreme to milk bolus obstruction in premature infants. Stools (n = 44) were collected from 20 formula-fed and 10 breast-fed infants aged 6 weeks and were classified using visual charts for stool hardness on a 5-point scale (1, watery; 5, hard). Stools were analysed for nitrogen, minerals, and lipid, the latter divided between the soap and nonsoap fractions. We explored the relationship between stool hardness or solids content and stool constituents, relative to both wet and dry weight. Calcium and FA soaps were the dominant factors significantly related to stool solids and hardness score across the breast- and formula-fed groups. An 8% increase in stool dry weight FA soap content corresponded to a 1-point change in stool hardness score. Stools from formula-fed infants had a higher solids content and were classified as significantly harder than those from breast-fed infants (hardness scores, 4.0 +/- 0.5 versus 2.6 +/- 0.7, mean +/- SD) and on both a wet- and dry-weight basis contained severalfold higher levels of minerals and lipid and considerably less carbohydrate. Differences in lipids between formula- and breast-fed infants' stools were due almost entirely to FAs (mainly C16:0 and C18:0) excreted as soaps (27.7 +/- 7.5% compared to 3.1 +/- 4.1% of dry weight), suggesting the groups differed markedly in their handling of saturated FAs. An inspissated stool sample from a premature infant requiring surgical disempaction of an obstructed small intestine was found to be enriched in FA and calcium relative to the preterm formula. FA soaps, predominantly saturated, accounted for one third of the stool dry weight. These data support the hypothesis that calcium FA soaps are positively related to stool hardness; we speculate that this may, at least in part, explain the greater stool hardness in formula- versus breast-fed infants and milk bolus obstruction in preterm infants. This conclusion is consistent with the physical properties of calcium FA soaps.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal atony in progressive systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma).

A 27-year-old woman with a long history of scleroderma developed megacolon and severe fecal vomiting as a result of intestinal atony. Evacuation of fecal impaction with water-soluble contrast enema resulted in prompt relief of fecal vomiting and gradual return of bowel function.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tegaserod (HTF 919) stimulates gut motility in normal horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: It has been shown that the selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod induces an increase in frequency and amplitude of contractions in isolated muscle preparations of equine ileum and pelvic flexure. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of tegaserod on gut motility and transit of spheres in normal horses. METHODS: Six mature Freiberger horses were kept under standardised conditions. Effects of tegaserod (0.02 mg/kg bwt i.v. b.i.d. for 2 days) or vehicle on intestinal transit of barium-filled spheres, defaecation and gut sounds were studied in a cross-over design. Spheres were given via stomach tube prior to the first dosing of tegaserod or vehicle. Faeces were collected every 3 h and spheres eliminated were identified radiologically in the faeces. RESULTS: Tegaserod significantly accelerated the gastrointestinal (GI) transit time of spheres and increased the frequency of defaecation and scores of gut sounds compared to vehicle. The compound was well tolerated; no effects on behaviour, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and clinical laboratory data were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Tegaserod efficaciously stimulated motility and accelerate GI transit in healthy horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Tegaserod may offer therapeutic potential in horses suffering from impaction or paralytic ileus.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cecal rupture by Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in a thoroughbred horse in Seoul Race Park, South Korea.

A 7-year-old Thoroughbred horse was admitted to the Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association with signs of colic. Based on the size of impactions, the clinical signs, the results of abdominal paracentesis and medical treatment, the prognosis was poor. The horse died 3 hours later following hopeless discharge. At necropsy, the caecum and large colon were fully filled with fecal contents and there was a rupture (10 cm in dia) in the latero- ventral caecum. The mucosa of the ileo-caecal and caeco- colic valves appeared to the hyperemic, edematous and ulcerous. There were many tapeworms in the affected mucosa. Histopathologically, lesions included hyperaemia, a deep necrotic inflammatory lesion and ulcers in the mucosa and submucosa of ileo-caecal and caeco-colic valves. One hundred thirty four faecal samples were obtained from 16 stables and submitted to parasitic examination. A total of 4 genera of eggs were recovered: Stongylus spp (82.1%), Anoplocephala perfoliata (10.5%), Bovicola equi (0.7%) and Parascaris equorum (1.5%). The major findings in this study are the presence of A perfoliata and its suspected association with the colic which led into an eventual caecal rupture. This study indicates the needs for an epidemiological survey of colic that is associated with Anoplocephala.

Animals↗