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PubMed1988

Combined bone scintigraphy and indium-111 leukocyte scans in neuropathic foot disease.

It is difficult to diagnose osteomyelitis in the presence of neurotrophic osteoarthropathy. We performed combined [99mTc]MDP bone scans and indium-111 (111In) leukocyte studies on 35 patients who had radiographic evidence of neuropathic foot disease and clinically suspected osteomyelitis. The [111In]leukocyte study determined if there was an infection and the bone scan provided the anatomic landmarks so that the infection could be localized to the bone or the adjacent soft tissue. Seventeen patients had osteomyelitis and all showed increased [111In]leukocyte activity localized to the bone, giving a sensitivity of 100%. Among the 18 patients without osteomyelitis, eight had no accumulation of [111In]leukocytes, seven had the [111In]leukocyte activity correctly localized to the soft tissue, two had [111In]leukocyte activity mistakenly attributed to the bone, and one had [111In]leukocyte accumulation in a proven neuroma which was mistakenly attributed to bone. These three false-positive results for osteomyelitis reduced the specificity to 83%. Considering only the 27 patients with a positive [111In]leukocyte study, the combined bone scan and [111In]leukocyte study correctly localized the infection to the soft tissues or bone in 89%. Uninfected neurotrophic osteoarthropathy does not accumulate [111In]leukocytes. We found the combined bone scan and [111In] leukocyte study useful for the detection and localization of infection to soft tissue or bone in patients with neuropathic foot disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of formalin footbathing on foot disease and claw quality in dairy cows.

Two experiments on the effect of routine footbathing in 5 per cent formalin in preventing foot diseases and improving claw horn quality of dairy cows are described. Treatment four times a week significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the incidence of interdigital lesions but had no significant effect on the incidence of the individual interdigital lesions or on the incidence of individual or overall diseases of the claw horn. A two year study using a divided footbath demonstrated significant improvements in some aspects of claw quality in digits footbathed in formalin. Formalin treated digits had a lower incidence and severity of erosio ungulae (P less than 0.001) a lower moisture content (P less than 0.001) and a reduced severity of haemorrhage of the sole at some sites in the claw compared with untreated digits. Formalin treatment, however, had no significant effect on the incidence of either clinical or subclinical lesions of the claw horn. The improvement in the horn quality of claws treated with formalin for six months did not increase with a further year of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of foot diseases in outpatients attending the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand.

Two thousand patients who visited the outpatient department at the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, were assessed for the presence of foot diseases by questionnaire and physical examination. Abnormalities were detected in 741 individuals (37.1%). Nonfungal conditions were more prevalent (31.4%), mainly consisting of eczema (254 cases, 12.7%) and psoriasis (176 cases, 8.8%). Fungal disease was observed in 119 cases (6.0%). There were 76 cases (3.8%) with tinea pedis and 33 cases (1.7%) with onychomycosis. The identified organisms causing tinea pedis were 57.9% nondermatophyte moulds, 36.8% dermatophytes, and 2.6%Candida spp. The corresponding organisms causing onychomycosis were 51.6% nondermatophyte moulds, 36.3% dermatophytes, and 6.0%Candida spp. Among nondermatophytes, Scytalidium dimidiatum was the leading pathogen while Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were the predominant dermatophytes identified. Diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease and activities related to foot trauma were noted to be predisposing factors for onychomycosis. Footwear, particularly sandals and cut shoes, was the only factor relevant to individuals with tinea pedis (P < or = 0.05). In contrast with other published data on fungal foot infections, this study disclosed a higher prevalence of nondermatophyte organisms, predominantly S. dimidiatum, as the major cause of tinea pedis and onychomycosis. An increase in awareness is necessary to identify such cases, prevent misdiagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Diabetic Foot Disease.

The authors review the impact, areas of influence, and treatment protocols for diabetic foot disease.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Efforts to prevent static foot diseases in Hungary during the last 40 years].

The necessity of fighting against the harms causing static foot diseases has arisen before about 40 years. On the basis of large-scale foot measurements shoes, correctly constructed from the viewpoint of health, for children and workers were produced. We have switched over to metric system of direct character. The modern development of the industrial technology and commercial network is necessary.

Foot Deformities, Acquired↗
PubMed1997

[Inflammatory foot disease].

The pathology of the foot is frequent in the inflammatory rheumatisms. It can finally contribute to the diagnosis. In rheumatoid arthritis, the metatarso-phalangeal joint involvement appears earlier and more obvious. The lesion of the midrearfoot is later and the beginning is more indisious, they often evolve in pes plano valgus deformity. In spondylarthropathies the involvement of the heel and of the toes predominates, but there are more specific symptoms for each disease particularly for the psoriasic rheumatism. Local cares, plantar orthoses, casts, corticosteroid injections, synoviortheses as well as a good hygiene of life are very useful. Surgery helps to keep the functional ability of the patient and its indications must be known.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Shoes and insoles for patients with rheumatoid foot disease.

Pedorthic devices (shoes, modifications, insoles) are alternatives to, and, complementary with, operative procedures for patients with rheumatoid foot disease. The practical use of insoles and shoesole rolls (rocker soles) to diminish pressures and shearing stresses, and to support load bearing, is described. Criteria for prescribing such devices are described. The requirements for orthopaedic shoes are listed and a special technique of using test shoes with transparent thermomoldable stiff plastic materials is introduced to reveal pressure spots in advance of finishing the definitive shoe. Custom made pedorthic devices can improve loading capacity and mobility effectively even in severely deformed feet, thus being an important part of medical treatment.

Foot Deformities, Acquired↗
PubMed2000

A spirochete isolated from a case of severe virulent ovine foot disease is closely related to a Treponeme isolated from human periodontitis and bovine digital dermatitis.

The isolation of spirochetes from severe ovine foot disease has been reported recently by our research group. In this study we describe the preliminary classification of this spirochete based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of this sequence in comparison with other previously reported 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the spirochete belonged to the treponemal phylotype Treponema vincentii which has been associated with bovine digital dermatitis and human periodontal disease. Further work is required to define the common virulence determinants of these closely related treponemes in the aetiology of these tissue destructive diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The distribution and severity of diabetic foot disease: a community study with comparison to a non-diabetic group.

A surveillance programme was undertaken to identify all diabetic patients with foot disease in a defined population with the same age and sex structure as that of the UK. Of 1150 diabetic patients identified, 1077 were reviewed either at home or in hospital. The presence of foot deformity, amputation, and foot ulceration was determined. The site, depth, and duration of ulcers were recorded and any previous ulceration noted. All feet with ulcers were X-rayed. A non-diabetic comparison group of 480 age- and sex-matched individuals were also examined by the same observer. The prevalence of past or present foot ulceration was 7.4 (95% CI 5.8-9.0)% in diabetic patients and 2.5 (95% CI 1.1-3.9)% in the non-diabetic group, yielding an odds ratio of 2.94 (95% CI 1.58-5.48) (p less than 0.001) for the occurrence of foot ulceration in diabetic patients. Of the ulcers found on examination, 39.4% were neuropathic, 24.2% were vascular, and 36.4% were mixed. Multiple logistic regression analysis of selected variables revealed that duration of diabetes, absent light touch, impaired pain perception, absent dorsalis pedis pulse, and the presence of any retinopathy were significant predictors of the presence of foot ulcers. The prevalence of amputation in diabetic patients was 1.3 (95% CI 0.6-2.0)%, but there were no amputations in the non-diabetic group.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological findings of an outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus hand-and-foot disease.

In 2003, we identified an outbreak of clinically distinct lesions involving the hands and feet associated with a public wading pool in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. A total of 85 cases were identified. The management and follow-up of 41 children and 1 adult patients is presented. Skin lesions occurred within a median incubation period of 29 days and approximately 88 days for the adult patient. Lesions resolved within a median of 58 days and approximately 150 days for the adult patient. Patients were treated with clarithromycin, topical antibiotic dressings, and/or incision and drainage of pustules or followed without treatment. All resolved without complication. The pool was closed and cleaned. The M. abscessus hand-and-foot disease is characterized by the onset, mainly in children, of tender, erythematous papules, pustules, and abscesses with a self-limited course. This is the first documented M. abscessus outbreak associated with wading pool exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Preventing diabetic foot disease: lessons from the Medicare therapeutic shoe demonstration.

OBJECTIVES: Every year about 38,000 elderly people with diabetes have a lower extremity amputation. Therapeutic shoes are prescribed by clinicians specializing in foot care to prevent foot ulcerations and amputations among at-risk patients with diabetes. Medicare ran a 3-year demonstration of a therapeutic-shoe benefit for beneficiaries with diabetes. Medicare added the benefit nationwide in May 1993. METHODS: This paper describes the benefit and its implementation in the demonstration based on demonstration records, a patient survey, and discussions with clinicians and shoe suppliers before and during the demonstration. RESULTS: During the demonstration, far fewer beneficiaries applied for the therapeutic shoes than were eligible for them. The paper discusses reasons for the low beneficiary application rate and the associated low participation rate among physicians treating patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The benefit is unlikely to be used any more in the national program than in the demonstration unless physicians are educated in the role therapeutic shoes can play in diabetic foot disease, they prescribe the shoes for their patients, and they increase their patients' awareness of the shoes' value.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2003

Genetic relatedness and phenotypic characteristics of Treponema associated with human periodontal tissues and ruminant foot disease.

Treponema have been implicated recently in the pathogenesis of digital dermatitis (DD) and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) that are infectious diseases of bovine and ovine foot tissues, respectively. Previous analyses of treponemal 16S rDNA sequences, PCR-amplified directly from DD or CODD lesions, have suggested relatedness of animal Treponema to some human oral Treponema species isolated from periodontal tissues. In this study a range of adhesion and virulence-related properties of three animal Treponema isolates have been compared with representative human oral strains of Treponema denticola and Treponema vincentii. In adhesion assays using biotinylated treponemal cells, T. denticola cells bound in consistently higher numbers to fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I, gelatin, keratin and lactoferrin than did T. vincentii or animal Treponema isolates. However, animal DD strains adhered to fibrinogen at equivalent or greater levels than T. denticola. All Treponema strains bound to the amino-terminal heparin I/fibrin I domain of fibronectin. 16S rDNA sequence analyses placed ovine strain UB1090 and bovine strain UB1467 within a cluster that was phylogenetically related to T. vincentii, while ovine strain UB1466 appeared more closely related to T. denticola. These observations correlated with phenotypic properties. Thus, T. denticola ATCC 35405, GM-1, and Treponema UB1466 had similar outer-membrane protein profiles, produced chymotrypsin-like protease (CTLP), trypsin-like protease and high levels of proline iminopeptidase, and co-aggregated with human oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus crista. Conversely, T. vincentii ATCC 35580, D2A-2, and animal strains UB1090 and UB1467 did not express CTLP or trypsin-like protease and did not co-aggregate with P. gingivalis or S. crista. Taken collectively, these results suggest that human oral-related Treponema have broad host specificity and that similar control or preventive strategies might be developed for human and animal Treponema-associated infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

[Foot diseases].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Foot Diseases↗