PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Fertility Rate--statistics”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A comparative clinical trial of the TCu 380A, Lippes Loop D and Multiload Cu 375 IUDs in Indonesia.

The Copper T 380A (TCu 380A), Lippes Loop D (LLD) and the Multiload Cu 375 (MLCu 375) IUDs were evaluated for safety and efficacy in a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Indonesia. A total of 2992 women were enrolled into the study and data for 2845 women were analyzed (147 cases did not meet protocol criteria). Although study IUDs were randomly assigned, LLD users in this study were older and of higher parity than TCu 380A and MLCu 375 users. The 24-month gross cumulative life-table pregnancy rates for TCu 380A, LLD and MLCu 375 users were 1.2, 2.2 and 2.7, respectively. The 24-month expulsion rates for TCu 380A, LLD and MLCu 375 users were 6.7, 7.5 and 5.3, respectively. Overall, 24-month continuation rates were 85.5%, 85.0% and 85.4% for the respective device groups. Differences in both gross and age- and parity-adjusted life-tables rates for the major outcome variables were not statistically significant at 24 months postinsertion. The study suggests that the TCu 380A, LLD and MLCu 375 IUDs seem to be safe and effective contraceptive options for Indonesian women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Continuing importance of nitrate contamination of groundwater and wells in rural areas.

The contamination of groundwater and rural drinking water supplies by nitrates from livestock and human excrement, other organic waste, or chemical fertilizers is a potential hazard throughout the world. Infant illness and death from nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia is probably often misdiagnosed, perhaps as sudden infant death syndrome, and certainly contributes to the national infant death rate statistics. A 1950 report listed 144 cases of infant methemoglobinemia with 14 deaths in one 30-month period in Minnesota. Infant deaths resulting from misdiagnosis of this preventable, treatable intoxication were still occurring as recently as 1986 in South Dakota. In this state, about 39% of dug or bored wells were unsafe due to high nitrate content, compared with 22% of drilled wells and 16% of driven wells. Properly constructed wells more than 30 m deep are more likely to be safe. Groundwater concentrations of nitrate may be unsafe for consumption, and standards are needed to regulate such contamination. Such standards could serve as guidelines and could be enforceable in the case of water systems dependent on wells.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Follicle-stimulating hormone or human menopausal gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization cycles: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To reanalyze the results of using FSH alone and hMG during IVF treatment, taking into account the different protocols of administration of superactive GnRH agonist analogs. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. SETTING: The London Women's Clinic. PATIENT(S): Women undergoing IVF treatment. INTERVENTION(S): A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials from 1985 to 1999 of the use of FSH versus hMG for ovarian stimulation during IVF treatment. The common Peto odds ratio was calculated with use of a fixed effect model. The overall log odds ratio was estimated after demonstrating the consistency or homogeneity of the study results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of IVF. RESULT(S): The results suggested that in the "long and short GnRH agonists protocol" of IVF, FSH, and hMG were equally effective in achieving ovarian stimulation, and there were no differences in the clinical pregnancy rates per cycle of IVF. However, in protocols where no pituitary desensitization was used, FSH alone was more efficacious. CONCLUSION(S): The optimum choice of gonadotropin preparation for ovarian stimulation during IVF treatment is influenced by the regimen of pituitary desensitization used. The optimum gonadotropin to be used when GnRH antagonists are used has yet to be determined.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2002

Biphasic regulation of activin A secretion by gonadotropins in cultured human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells leads to decreasing activin:inhibin ratios during continuing gonadotropin stimulation.

Pituitary gonadotropins mediate part of their effects on ovarian function via local hormones and growth factors produced by granulosa cells. Activins and inhibins are among these factors, and they have often opposite effects on various components of the reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of ovarian activin A secretion using cultured human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells as a model. The granulosa-luteal cells, obtained from women taking part in an in vitro fertilization program, were cultured and treated with FSH, LH, 8-bromo cAMP (8-BrcAMP, a protein kinase A activator) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA, a protein kinase C activator). Conditioned cell culture media were analyzed for activin A, inhibin A and progesterone concentrations with specific enzyme immunoassays. FSH and LH (1-100 IU/l) increased activin A secretion with 24 h of treatment (to 132% and 253% of control respectively; P<0.05 for both), but their effects were inhibitory in 48-h treatments (26% and 16% decreases respectively; P<0.05 for both). In the same experiments, FSH and LH increased inhibin A and progesterone secretion after both 24 and 48 h of treatment. 8-BrcAMP (0.1-100 muM) increased activin A in 24- and 48-h experiments (to 206% and 148% of control respectively; P<0.01 for both). Inhibin A and progesterone secretion were stimulated by 8-BrcAMP time- and dose-dependently. TPA increased activin A secretion dose-dependently (0.1-100 ng/ml) in both 24- and 48-h experiments. At 100 ng/ml concentration, it increased activin A up to 61-fold and inhibin A up to 16-fold of control in 24-h experiments. We conclude that gonadotropins regulate immunoreactive activin A secretion biphasically in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells: initial stimulation is followed by inhibition. In contrast, gonadotropins increase inhibin A and progesterone secretion continuously. Consequently, continuing gonadotropin stimulation leads to a decreasing activin:inhibin ratio, which may have a significant role in the local fine-tuning of ovarian steroidogenesis.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1992

Effects of myomas or prior myomectomy on in vitro fertilization (IVF) performance.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the presence of myomas and prior myomectomy on the pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. DESIGN: Data collected from office and hospital records were analyzed retrospectively. SETTING: Patients (all with private insurance carriers) were enrolled in an academic IVF program at The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine. PATIENTS: All IVF patients enrolled in series 26-41, from 1987 to 1990, were reviewed. Only patients with well-documented myomas [by laparoscopy, laparotomy, hysteroscopy, or hysterosalpingography (HSG)] or prior myomectomy (confirmed by operative and pathology report) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy rates and pregnancy outcome were the main outcome measures. Pregnancy rates were calculated per preovulatory embryo transfer. Chi-square, Student t-test, and the Whitney-Mann test were used in the statistical analysis and P less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Among 1415 IVF patients, 11 had confirmed myomas present and 47 others had prior myomectomies. The mean age of patients with myomas and myomectomy was 37.1 +/- 4.1 and 36.1 +/- 1.9 years, respectively. Ten of the patients with myoma had normal endometrial cavities on HSG. Subserosal tumors were present in 10 of 11 patients with myomas. Ten of the 47 myomectomy patients had an abnormal cavity prior to surgery and all were corrected. About half of the patients with prior myomectomy had subserous myomas, while 10% were submucous in location. Two of the patients had hysteroscopic removal; all the rest were performed abdominally. The ongoing pregnancy rate from fresh embryo transfer for patients with myomas and myomectomy was 20.8 and 16.9%, respectively. This was comparable to the 19.0% ongoing pregnancy rate for all patients in these series. Despite the small number, and the fact that most had subserosal myomas, patients with myomas had a 50% abortion rate, while those postmyomectomy had a 34.2% abortion rate (statistically not significant). Moreover, if subdivided by their primary IVF indications, patients with prior myomectomy had similar ongoing pregnancy rates from fresh embryo transfer compared to the whole IVF population. CONCLUSION: The incidence of myomas or prior myomectomy among infertility patients presenting for IVF was rather low. Myomectomy did not interfere with IVF performance in relation to overall and ongoing pregnancy rate.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Prolonged intrauterine contraception: a seven-year randomized study of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T380 Ag IUDS.

A levonorgestrel-releasing IUD and the Copper T 380Ag IUD were in randomized comparison for seven years in five clinics. In two other clinics the randomized study was truncated at five years, but use of the Copper T continued. No pregnancies occurred to users of either device in years 6 and 7. Cumulative pregnancy rates were 1.1 per 100 at seven years for the steroid-releasing and 1.4 per 100 for the copper-releasing IUDs. Cumulative rates of PID did not differ between devices. Infection rates appeared to be lowest during the sixth and seventh years of the study. Termination attributable to amenorrhea was the principal contributor to differences in cumulative continuation rates between devices. At the five clinics that carried the comparative study to seven years, cumulative continuation rates were 24.9 per 100 for LNg20 IUD users and 29.4 per 100 for TCu 380Ag users. Women who used either method for periods of five to seven years experienced, on average, marked to mild increases in hemoglobin as compared with levels at admission. The Copper T380 family and the LNg20 IUDs represent the most effective reversible contraceptive methods yet studied in long-term randomized trials.

Adolescent↗