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PubMed1977

Regional variation in tooth size and pathology in fossil hominids.

Tooth size and dental pathology in fossil hominids were studied to test for regional differences in these parameters. The results showed little regional variation in tooth size for the Middle and Upper Pleistocene sites compared (except for Krapina) but considerable differences in the severity of attrition and dental pathology. These differences were considered indicative of regional differences in the functional load borne by the teeth, and in view of the similar technological status of the groups studied, were attributed to environmental differences in the diet. Since, in all regions, reduction in tooth size appeared to continue at the same rate for the periods investigated, no association can be established between presumed selective pressures related to differences in functional demands made on the dentition, and tooth reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[ABO blood-group system in the fossil remains at the mesolithic cemetary in Vlasac (6,300-5,400 B.C.)].

By the several generally accepted methods, the authors tested the ABO blood group system of human fossil remains of the mezolit cementery of Vlasac (lower flow of the River Danube). The results of these examinations showed a biological similarity of the population in all of the three cementery layers and a difference in blood groups in these people and the present inhabitants of that region. These examinations are of great interest for the study of the structure of the prehistorical population and its migrations.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

A fossil skull probably of the genus Homo from Sterkfontein, Transvaal.

A skull with numerous Homo features was discovered at Sterkfontein, near Krugersdorp, Transvaal, in August 1976. It stems from member 5 of the Sterkfontein Formation, with stone tools and with fauna pointing to an age of 2.0-1.5 Myr. The underlying member 4 contains Australopithecus africanus, no stone tools, and fauna dated 3.0-2.5 Myr. The new find supports the view that the Sterkfontein toolmaker was not the earlier A. africanus, but a later hominid related to Homo habilis. By a remarkable double coincidence, the first pieces of the new skull, Stw 53, were found on August 9, 1976, 40 years to the day after Robert Broom's first visit to Sterkfontein, while the last part came to light on August 17, the 40th anniversary of Broom's first discovery of a hominid cranium at Sterkfontein. Although most of the fragments were found in a decalcified pocket of cave earth, one large part of the calvaria was still present in the calcified wall of the pocket, thus establishing indisputably the provenance of the specimen.

Craniology↗