PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effects of naloxone and morphine on postprandial gastrointestinal hormone secretion.

Postprandial gastrointestinal hormone secretion was not affected by the intravenous administration of naloxone. However, after the administration of morphine, multiple effects were observed. Postprandial pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, and enteroglucagon secretion were abolished and there was a reduction in the secretion of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and neurotensin. There was prolonged secretion of gastrin. Levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, and pancreatic glucagon were not affected. Many of these changes can be accounted for by the ability of morphine to delay gastric emptying. The prolonged secretion of gastrin could result from a combination of impaired gastric emptying and reduced postprandial gastric acid secretion. Inhibition of vagal acetylcholine release is the most likely explanation for the abolition of pancreatic polypeptide secretion. With the exception of the effects on motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, and enteroglucagon secretion this study provides no evidence that opiate substances directly affect the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnostic significance of gastrointestinal hormones].

Determination of gastrointestinal hormones by radioimmunoassay in plasma is important for detection of endocrine-active tumours in the gut. Since in most cases multiple endocrine tumours occur, a variety of hormones such as gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin should be measured. Gastrin is helpful as a diagnostic tool in differentiating between Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and antral G-cell hyperplasia or hyperfunction. Autonomic neuropathy of the gut (as in diabetics) can be detected by measurements of plasma pancreatic polypeptide. The diagnostic value of measurements of plasma cholecystokinin, secretin and other gut peptide hormones is not yet defined.

Gastrins↗
PubMed1981

Effect of a long-acting octapeptide analogue of somatostatin on growth hormone and pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones in man.

1. The biochemical specificity and duration of action of a single 5 mg subcutaneous dose of des-AA1,2,4,5,12,13-D-Trp8-somatostatin were evaluated in eight patients with symptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumours. 2. There was a reduction by more than 50% for at least 10 h in plasma concentrations of growth hormone, glucagon, gastrin and motilin and for 4--5 h in plasma insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and enteroglucagon. 3. This study shows that this octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, like somatostatin itself, lacks specificity in the hormones it suppresses. However, its prolonged duration of action against several hormones when given subcutaneously suggests that it may be of therapeutic use in a number of disease states where excessive plasma concentrations of one or more of these hormones occur.

Gastrointestinal Hormones↗
PubMed1983

The role of gastrointestinal hormones in the control of postprandial and interdigestive gastrointestinal function.

Gastric, pancreatic, biliary, and intestinal functions during interdigestive and postprandial periods can now be quantified and correlated with changes in gastrointestinal hormone concentrations. Through this type of study, we can begin to glimpse the physiological roles of gastrointestinal hormones. The segments of the gastrointestinal tract which regulate each digestive function can be determined by experimental manipulations in which postprandial chyme is diverted from or exposed to particular areas of the bowel through the use of occlusive balloons. These studies suggest that the upper gut is capable of regulating biliary and pancreatic function, while the stomach and the entire small bowel affect stomach function. In addition, gastric secretion is regulated more proximally than gastric emptying. Knowledge of the hormones present in different segments of the bowel permits hypothesis of their physiological regulatory functions.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1993

[Gastrointestinal hormones: recent developments].

Progress in gastrointestinal hormone research has increased our knowledge in peptide hormone biochemistry and gastrointestinal physiology considerably. However, this knowledge has not yet helped our understanding of common gastrointestinal diseases. More specific and reliable methods are needed to prove or to exclude the participation of gastrointestinal peptides in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. Peptide hormones are potentially useful as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the practice of gastroenterology.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

The eupeptide system: A general theory of gastrointestinal hormones.

Increasing knowledge of gastrointestinal "hormones" suggests a system which differs in many, if not most, respects from other endocrine systems. The established model of endocrine function, derived from studies of the hormones regulating growth, metabolism, and sexual function, is inappropriate; attempts to apply concepts such as the importance of plasma-hormone concentrations to the digestive tract have met with limited success. A new model of the gastrointestinal polypeptide system is proposed in which local "paracrine" action may be no less important, or more important, than distant "endocrine" action, and in which modulation of integrated neural control is a major function. The application of the word "hormone" to this polypeptide system is a devaluation of the term and an obstacle to the design of relevant physiological studies; an alternative nomenclature is proposed.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMed1987

[The effect of cisapride on gastric emptying time and release of gastrointestinal hormones].

Cisapride is a novel gastrointestinal prokinetic drug. The aim of the present study was to investigate gastric emptying time and secretion of gastrointestinal hormones (Gastrin, Motilin, Glucagon) after single oral intake of 5 mg or 10 mg cisapride. The healthy men aged 23-55 years participated the study. The gastric emptying time and gastrointestinal hormones were measured by gamma-camera radioisotopic technique and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The half time of emptying phase was reduced from 31.78 min to 29.88 min, and emptying rate increased in 10 mg cisapride group. There was a tendency that cisapride accelerated a stimulation of Motilin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal hormones. Implications for paediatrics.

Gastrointestinal hormones (GI hormones) have received growing interest in endocrinology, gastroenterology and neuroendocrinology. Because of new methodological techniques, they can be measured in plasma and therefore be related to different pathophysiological conditions. In childhood, our present knowledge is as yet limited to the physiological rôle of gastrin at different ages and in some diseases (gastrinoma; Verner-Morrison syndrome) caused by humoral dysfunction. The present review relates the clinical important GI hormones to chemically classified families. The diagnostic value of determining endogenous hormone concentration in plasma and the validity of function tests carried out by administration of exogenous hormones are pointed out. Particular emphasis is given to the trophic action of GI hormones in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract during childhood. More speculatively, GI hormones are involved in the complex function of the central nervous system, thus making food intake a trophotropic action in a broader sense.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1982

Human interdigestive and postprandial gastrointestinal motor and gastrointestinal hormone patterns.

Fasting gastrointestinal motor and hormone patterns were studied in 11 healthy volunteers. Cyclic motor activity was present in all subjects during fasting, but the duration and site of onset of each cycle were variable, even in the same subject. Fasting gastrin, GIP, and glucagon levels remained low and constant during the 8-hr study, while plasma motilin levels exhibited cyclic variation in 7 of the 11 subjects. Achlorhydria (induced with cimetidine in 5 of the 11 subjects) did not alter the pattern of fasting motor activity or plasma motilin. In the remaining six subjects, the effect of liquid nutrient meals was examined. Ingestion of a sodium chloride bolus failed to disrupt fasting cyclic activity, while all nutrient-containing solutions inhibited gastric phase-2 motor activity, the duration of inhibition being longest for the mixed and lipid meals. All nutrient meals released GIP, while only protein and mixed meals released gastrin, and the lipid meal released motilin. Our study confirms the rhythmicity of interdigestive motor cycles in man and demonstrates their lack of dependence on gastric acid secretion and some relationship to motilin cycles in certain individuals as determined by radioimmunoassay. Transition from fasting to fed pattern (after liquid meals) is characterized by the inhibition of phasic gastric pressure changes in the antrum and the development of irregular activity in the intestine, similar in pattern to fasting phase 2. Because the duration of interruption of the gastric interdigestive pattern by meals depends on their nutrient content, we conclude that dietary composition may be a major determinant of the fasting-fed motor balance in man.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1983

Infectious diarrhoea and gastrointestinal hormones: potential therapeutic implications.

The gastrointestinal hormones, which are continuously increasing in number, have certain effects which could play a part in the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea. This refers especially to VIP, motilin, and enteroglucagon, the plasma concentrations of which are elevated in acute infectious diarrhoea, cholera, and tropical malabsorption. They may act by stimulating intestinal secretion, inhibiting absorption, and altering intestinal motility. In addition, there are some hormonal effects such as those caused by glucagon on motility, by enkephalins on secretion, and by somatostatin on both, which have a therapeutic potential and deserve further investigation.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1998

Gastrointestinal hormones as potential adjuvant treatment of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal hormones and their antagonists can alter the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The potential clinical benefit of this approach deserves further study. BACKGROUND: Epithelial cell growth is normally under hormonal control. Hormones also affect the growth of many epithelial cancers, and this fact is used to modify tumor growth. Pancreatic epithelial cell growth is under the influence of gastrointestinal hormones. This article reviews experiments designed to determine the effect of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Eighty-eight articles were identified from a Medline search using the terms pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the individual names of gastrointestinal hormones. The experimental design and results of these studies are reviewed. RESULTS: In general, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and pancreastatin inhibit pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth. Cholecystokinin, secretin, bombesin, gastrin, EGF, TGF-alpha, insulin, and IGF-1 have a growth-promoting effect.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Possible role of sexual and gastrointestinal hormones on cancer of the digestive system].

This is a review of the most interesting studies on the possible role of sex and gut hormones in gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas. Many experimental and some human studies suggest that sex and gut peptides may have a growth effect on normal or neoplastic gut cells. It may be possible in the future to develop strategies for patients with GI cancers that will be based upon hormonal manipulation in a manner similar to current strategies that are at present employed in the treatment of patients with breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: changes in plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in the infected rat.

Plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay in fasted rats 9 days after infection with a range of doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Values for infected rats fed ad libitum were compared with those of weight matched, pair fed, uninfected rats to control for the possible effects of dose-dependent reductions in food intake associated with infection. The plasma concentrations of some of the gastrointestinal hormones in infected rats were very different from those of their pair fed partners. The magnitude and direction of the changes varied according to the hormone being examined. Plasma concentrations of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were similar in pair fed and infected rats at all doses used. For the other hormones assayed, infection was associated with dose-related changes. The plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and insulin were slightly but significantly reduced in infected rats. In contrast, secretin, enteroglucagon, and pancreatic glucagon concentrations were markedly increased. At the highest dose given (52 larvae/g body wt), the plasma levels of secretin and enteroglucagon in infected rats were elevated 9 X and 15 X, respectively. A comparison of the changes seen in N. brasiliensis-infected rats with those reported for other helminth infections revealed striking differences. The possible etiology of alterations in plasma gastrointestinal hormone concentrations and their contribution to the pathological changes seen in animals infected with helminths are discussed.

Animals↗