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PubMed1995

[Changes in the gastrointestinal system of children with inflammatory systemic connective tissue diseases].

Functional and morphological changes of the gastrointestinal system were assessed in patients suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis, juvenile systemic erythematosus and juvenile systemic scleroderma. The results of endoscopic investigation of the gastrointestinal tract showed inflammatory changes and cardiac and pylorus atony. Ultrasonography results suggested hepatic and pancreatic inflammatory changes, steatosis and/or amyloidosis. The above-mentioned changes were confirmed by morphological investigation (biopsy and/or autopsy). The results of the capacity tests performed in JCA (systemic form) patients revealed an impairment of liver detoxication function, and pancreas and bowel functional capacity as well. Additionally, intolerance against lactose, casein and alpha- and beta-lactoglobulin was found in most of the patients. Some symptoms of malnutrition were observed in all of them. Such factors as underlying disease severity, adverse drug effects, environmental factors (infections, nutrition) were taken into consideration as probable causes of the gastrointestinal system damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

General medicine and surgery for dental practitioners. Part 3: gastrointestinal system.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system can be relevant to the dental surgeon for several reasons. The mouth may display signs of the disease itself, for example the cobblestone mucosa, facial or labial swelling of Crohn's disease, or the osteomata of Gardner's syndrome. These are well covered elsewhere and not discussed further here. The sequelae of GI disease, for example gastric reflux producing dental erosion, iron deficiency anaemia and treatment such as corticosteroid therapy may all have a bearing on management and choice of anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for vasopressin production in the human gastrointestinal system.

In the present study we performed immunohistochemical examination of segments from the human gastrointestinal system for the presence of cells containing vasopressin (VP) and vasopressin-associated human neurophysin (VP-HNP). VP immunoreactivity was found in crypt cells of the stomach and small intestine, and in mononuclear cells within the lamina propria and submucosa. VP-HNP was demonstrated in the crypt and lamina propria regions of the small intestine, and was colocalized with vasopressin in crypt cells. This colocalization indicates local vasopressin synthesis by these cells and raises the possibility that they may perform an endocrine or exocrine function in the human gastrointestinal system.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Typical and atypical mast cells of the rat gastrointestinal system: distribution and correlation with tissue histamine.

Mast cells and histamine are present throughout the rat gastrointestinal system. Typical mast cells, differentiated from atypical mast cells by morphology, staining characteristics, and response to Compound 48/80, were the only mast cell type identified by histology in the cheek, tongue, esophagus, and nonglandular stomach. Atypical mast cells were found in large numbers in the glandular stomach, small and large intestine, and cecum, where they outnumbered typical mast cells by up to 20:1. Gastrointestinal histamine levels varied from 2.6 to 19.3 ng/mg in all tissues surveyed except for the glandular stomach, which contained 26 ng/mg. The amount of histamine per typical mast cell was estimated to be approximately 1.29 picograms; atypical mast cells contained less than 0.15 picograms per cell. Parenteral administration of Compound 48/80 resulted in the degranulation of typical mast cells, but not atypical mast cells, as determined by a fall both in typical mast cell number and a decrease in tissue histamine in areas rich in typical mast cells. These results indicate that striking regional differences in mast cell distribution and tissue histamine levels exist in the rat gastrointestinal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Metastases involving the gastrointestinal system.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of metastases involving the gastrointestinal system, including the specific problems of liver metastasis, bowel obstruction, ascites, biliary obstruction, and gastrointestinal fistulas. DATA SOURCES: Research studies, review articles, and book chapters. CONCLUSIONS: When metastasis involves the gastrointestinal tract, the emotional distress is coupled with debilitating symptoms and marked nutritional deficits. Treatment decisions must consider potential benefits and risks and affect on quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: An understanding of the disease process and alternative treatment interventions will assist nurses to effectively anticipate and manage symptoms that may develop and educate patients and families so they can participate in decisions regarding their treatment.

Ascites↗
PubMed2000

The gastrointestinal system and bowel management following spinal cord injury.

Gastrointestinal system changes following spinal cord injury (SCI) are generally less obvious than other body system changes. These alterations in function and the response to management, however, may have profound implications on the social, emotional, and physical well-being of the individual with SCI. This article reviews changes in gastrointestinal function following SCI and discusses current issues related to the management of the neurogenic bowel.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of the gastrointestinal system to podiatric diagnosis and therapeutics.

Relationships to the gastrointestinal system can be found in the diagnosis and treatment of problems affecting the pedal extremity. This is due to the fact that parts of the gastrointestinal tract are derived from the same germ layer as portions of the foot. An awareness of these relationships can be useful in determining the etiology, establishing a diagnosis, and forming a plan for management.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of pancreatic resection with occlusion of the pancreatic remnant on the morphology of the gastrointestinal system].

Modern scientific problems are discussed on some still moot aspects of resection surgery of the pancreas from viewpoint of the postoperative divergencies in all other organs of the gastrointestinal system. Experiments were carried out on dogs. Proximal (right) resection of the pancreas was applied and the endocrine function of the remaining part of the organ was eliminated by occlusion of the pancreatic canal. Histomorphologic studies were carried out on different organs of the gastrointestinal system, 4, 5 and 11 months after the pancreas resection. Serious abnormalities and interrelations were found between the glandular apparatus of the gastrointestinal organs and the pancreas resection. Histomorphological proof of the changes are adduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

High resolution electrical mapping in the gastrointestinal system: initial results.

High resolution electrical mapping in the gastrointestinal system entails recording from a large number of extracellular electrodes simultaneously. It allows the collection of signals from 240 individual sites which are then amplified, filtered, digitized, multiplexed and stored on tape. After recording, periods of interest can be analysed and the original sequence of activity reconstructed. This technology, originally developed to study normal rhythms and abnormal dysrhythmias in the heart, has been modified to allow recordings from the gastrointestinal tract. In this report, initial results are presented describing the origin and propagation of the slow wave in the isolated stomach and the isolated duodenum in the cat. These results show that in both organs it not uncommon to have more than one focus active during a single cycle. The conduction of slow waves from such a multiple pacemaker environment can become quite complex, and this may play a role in determining the contractile pattern in these organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal system and its impact on feeding the preterm infant.

The nutritional management of premature infants is a challenging area for neonatal clinicians for a number of reasons. These include lack of knowledge about when, what, and how to feed; limited clinical experience; and wide variations in practice. New practices in the nutritional management of premature infants must take into consideration the structural and functional maturity of the gastrointestinal system and environmental influences on this system. This article presents current knowledge of embryology and ontogeny of the premature infant's gastrointestinal system and explains how this knowledge may be applied to clinical practice.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1996

Identification of endogenous peroxidase-containing cells as eosinophils in the gastrointestinal system.

Endogenous peroxidase (EPX) activity in certain cells in the gastrointestinal system interferes with immunohistochemical methods based on the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed substrate deposition. We studied the distribution and characteristics of these cells. We also report an effective and antigen-preserving EPX blocking method, to make possible the evaluation of immunoperoxidase stainings in cryostat sections. The EPX-containing cells (EPX cells) are present in every part of the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly in the tunica propria. We identified them as eosinophil cells in May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained sections. The complete match was confirmed by different fluorescence techniques. Firstly, the EPX cells were labeled by a red fluorochrome-conjugated substrate of peroxidase enzymes, rhodamine-tyramide, whereas the eosinophil cells were labeled by the green fluorochrome, l-hydroxy-3,6,8-pyrenetrisulfonic acid, which is known to label exclusively eosinophilic granules at pH 10. Secondly, all the EPX cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody against the eosinophil peroxidase enzyme. Finally, a set of commercially available leukocyte markers was used to characterize the EPX cells colabeled by fluorochrome-tyramides. Neither macrophages nor mast cells showed EPX activity. Increased numbers and altered distribution were seen in stressed rats and in ulcerated human stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents and the gastrointestinal system].

The antiinflammatory drugs are broadly used also in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic diseases relating to the treatment of extraarticular rheumatism. It has been held that they have an effect in rheumatic diseases even by means of the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. Later it was evidented that all drugs coming from that group cause a numerous side-effects particularly in gastrointestinal system, usually relating to those caming a strong inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Some of them cause a selective inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis especially in stomach and kidneys. The appearance of side-effects in gastrointestinal system with patients taking these drugs for a longer period of time could be prevented by a careful choice of their usage. It has been evidented that misoprostol strongly effect the prevention of stomach lesions and duodenum enabling so the usage of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs over a longer period of time.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The biological properties of aspartame. II. Actions involving the gastrointestinal system.

Aspartame (APM) was investigated in several pharmacological tests to delineate any effects on the gastrointestinal system. The compound did not affect food consumption at one hour following a single intragastric dose of 200 mg/kg in rats. There was no evidence of inhibition or stimulation of the gastric juice secretion rate, the concentration of gastric acid, acid output or proteolytic activity following an intragastric dose of 250 mg/kg in five-hour pylorus-ligated rats. Likewise, APM at the same dosage did not significantly affect gastric ulceration induced by nineteen hours of pylorus-ligation. In several in vitro tests it was demonstrated that APM did not affect the proteolytic activity of pepsin or the lipolytic activity of pancreatic lipase at concentrations of 143 microgram and 1.25 mg/ml, respectively. Its anticholinergic activity was found to be insignificant, less than 0.001 times the potency of atropine sulfate, when measured against acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated rabbit ileum. These data indicate that APM may be devoid of undesirable side effects on the gastrointestinal tract when used as a food sweetening agent.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Serum values of CA72.4 in patients with gastrointestinal system tumors comparison with CEA and CA 19.9.

Serum CA 72.4 levels of patients with malignant gastrointestinal disorders (n = 77) were determined in parallel with the CEA and CA 19.9 levels. The values related to healthy individuals were 1.7 U/ml, with a median of 1.7 U/ml, whereas an average of 12.1 U/l (median 2 U/ml) was measured in malignancy. Among all three markers CEA showed the highest positive rate while the values for CA 19.9 and CA 72.4 were lower. Although positive rates among the healthy group were observed with CEA and CA 19.9, no false positives were found with CA 72.4. Elevated CA 72.4 levels were found in 17.6% of patients with gastric carcinoma and 56.3% with colorectal carcinoma. All markers showed significant sensitivity for the malignant state when used alone. However, the regression analysis revealed that only the combination of CA 72.4 and CEA may contribute significantly to the diagnostic potential. Our results indicate that complementation of CEA with CA 72.4 can significantly increase the sensitivity in the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal system cancers. Combination of positive information from these two sources is likely to lead to a more accurate diagnosis and may therefore improve the efficiency of the follow-up and therapeutic response.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1994

[Luminescent analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal system].

Changes in fluorescence intensity of blood lymphocytes of patients with somatic and pretumorous diseases of the gastrointestinal system were detected: fluorescence intensity of lymphocytes fluorochrome-stained with acridine orange was increased in chronic gastric and pancreatitis whereas in patients with pretumorous diseases this parameter could be both increased and decreased. Exposure to an extra stress factor, such as low-dose ionizing radiation, manifested by increased fluorescence intensity of normal subjects' blood lymphocytes, a certain normalization of this parameter in patients with somatic diseases, and an increase of the amplitude of shifts vs. the normal range in patients with pretumor gastrointestinal diseases. Fluorescent analysis of lymphocytes helps integrally assess the functional activity of immunohomeostasis.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed2000

Surgery of the avian reproductive and gastrointestinal systems.

Surgery of the female reproductive system is the most commonly indicated intra-abdominal surgery of avian patients. Surgery of the male reproductive system and avian gastrointestinal tract are less commonly indicated but are occasionally necessary. Indications for surgery of the female reproductive tract include egg-laying-related disorders, dystocia, egg binding, damage or trauma to the oviduct, oviductal torsion and volvulus, abnormal egg production, biopsy or culture of the oviduct, internal laying, egg related coelomitis, oviductal impaction, oviductal or ovarian neoplasia, ovarian cysts, or as a sterilization procedure to stop egg laying. Indications for surgery of the male reproductive tract include castration (most often as a treatment of behavioral problems) and treatment of testicular neoplasia. Indications for gastrointestinal tract surgery include repair of traumatic injury, foreign-body retrieval, obstructive disease, as a treatment for neoplasia, and as a diagnostic tool to retrieve tissue for biopsy. Avian reproductive anatomy and physiology are reviewed. Presurgical and postsurgical patient care ensures successful recovery. Lateral, horizontal, and midline approaches may be preferred based on indication or concurrent disease. Approaches are described in detail. Indications and descriptions of surgery conclude this article.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal system in Whipple's disease.

In five cases of Whipple's disease the vessels in several organs of the gastrointestinal system were carefully examined for PAS-positive bacilli. Bacilli were particularly abundant in the arteries of the small intestinal serosa and the liver, but they were also present in stomach, colon, gallbladder and mesenteric lymph nodes. The predominant site of involvement was the arterial tunica media. In addition to focal degeneration and fibrosis in the tunica media, other local reactions included arteritis and intimal proliferation. Within the tunica media and less often the endothelium the bacilli were found alone or in small clumps, but in the tunica adventitia they were usually present within macrophages. The possible significance of this Whipple's arteriopathy is considered relative to unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding, focal ischemia due to arterial narrowing, and some role in the further dissemination of bacilli being shed from the endothelium.

Adult↗