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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Treatment of Spastic Gait Disorders Using an "Electro-Gait-Stimulator ("Schrittstimulator") (author's transl)].

A short historical outline of electric treatment of spasticity is given. A specially developed management with a "gait-stimulator" is described. Four muscles of each lower extremity being mainly engaged in walk were electrically stimulated in the physiological sequences according to the normal gait. The used electric impulses were of a duration of 0,25 msec and an intensity up to 700 V. Using such a "gain-stimulator" in spastic-paraparetic patients a reduced spasticity has been achieved. Positive effect of this treatment has been mostly pronounced, when the programming of impulses was adjusted to the end of the expected physiological contraction of the corresponding muscles. Physiological and pathological data of the "Silent period" is proposed to be mostly involved. The application of impulses in physiological sequences seems to reactivate normal reflex - mechanisms which are disturbed by supraspinal laesion. The results indicate that the electric impulses activates muscle-sensory - organs and that impulses on these organs produce a pace-making function on the spinal cord, which lessens spasticity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of gait disability in hemiplegics. Hemiplegic gait.

A clinical method of recording gait patterns in patients with hemiplegia is described. The method is directed towards obtaining an objective assessment for research purposes primarily but could also be readily used clinically. The basis of the method is a pathway from which one can obtain measurements of the temporal and distance factors of gait. The data so obtained is processed to produce a comprehensive set of results presented in a readily understandable form. Sample results are illustrated and explained. Possible system improvements and applications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gait analysis in cerebral palsy patients--correlations between disorders of muscle coordination and gait abnormalities].

Electromyographic and gait investigations of 35 patients and 32 healthy persons were evaluated in order to get hints upon the origin of anomalous movements of the pelvis and the spine with following results: a. The amount of the spine motions of CP-patients is significantly greater than that of health persons. The motions of the pelvis of the patients also seems to be greater, but there is no significance. b. The average electromyographical activity of the hip abductors of CP-patients is not remarkably diminished, that of the hip adductors is not increased. We also found no signs of an atrophy of the hip adductors or a hypertrophy of the hip adductors. c. There is no correlation between the disturbances of coordination of the entire lower leg measured by electromyography and the amount of the pathologic motions. d. We found a distinct correlation between the disturbances especially of the hip ab- and adductors and the amount of the pathologic motions. This amount is the smaller, the worse is the coordination of these two groups of muscles. The topics a-c do not allow to find the origin of the Duchenne- and Trendelenburg limpings of CP-patients, topic d also gives explanation of this fact. In opposition we may suppose here that the bad timing of the coordination resp. the corresponding permanent electrical activity of the hip ab- and adductors has a stabilizing influence upon the pelvis and the spine. As the most probable origin of the increased Duchenne limping we not suppose the increased motions of the stance phase. Our following investigations will deal with this hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Gait analysis in patients with total hip endoprostheses. Part I: Gait analysis--the electroichnograph--(EKIG-3) Riga].

The pace analysis of patients with a total hip replacement has been carried out by means of the electroichnograph EKIG-3 of the Riga Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. It comprises foot analysis (heel torsion, sole exercise, ball torsion, contact ability by using special sandals) on an electrically flowed carpet. Furthermore, angular changes in the knee-joint have been registered by means of goniometers, and the trunk deviation to the lateral an sagittal direction has also been measured.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Gait analysis in patients with total hip endoprosthesis. Part II: Pre- and postoperative gait analysis].

35 patients have been examined before the implantation of a total hip replacement, about 7 days postoperatively and again after 12 weeks by means of the electro-ichnograph EKIG-3 of the Riga Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Before the hip-joint substitution the normal values could not approximately be attained. The step duration has postoperatively increased, and it has decreased to pre-operative values by the time of the follow-up examination. The best results were obtained concerning the change of the trunk deviation in the frontal plane. The hip mobility measured passively was remarkably better after the operation and almost reached normal values. Regarding the results it should above all be taken into consideration, that the most important fact for the patient is the alleviation and elimination of pain, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Development of gait in children--characteristics of gait in children from the viewpoint of ground reaction force].

Walking patterns of fifty-seven normal children were studied using large-sized force plates and compared with those of normal adults. In the vertical component of the ground reaction force, the peak of the deceleration phase was higher than that of the acceleration phase in younger children. In the sagittal component, the peak of the deceleration phase was higher than that of the acceleration phase, particularly in younger children. The point of change from the deceleration phase to the acceleration phase appeared earlier than that of adults. The lateral component in younger children was relatively larger than that of the older children and adults. The period of change from the child walking pattern to the adult walking pattern in each component was as follows:--In the sagittal component it was about five years of age, in the vertical component at about six years of age and in the lateral component at about nine years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Investigation of gait of patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the influence of the Milwaukee brace on gait (author's transl)].

We investigated 42 juvenile patients with idiopathic scoliosist, 37 of them were provided with a Milwaukee brace and treated physically. The electromyographic activity of the musculi erectores trunci and the musculi glutaei medii were recorded during walking and standing on one leg. Simultaneously the motions of the trunc and the pelvis in the frontal plane were registered and calculated. Results without the brace: During walking the activity of the erectors trunci predominates on the convex side of the curvature of the spine. This applies as to the functional curve. The M. glutaeus medius shows an increased activity on the contralateral side of the overhang of the trunc. The priodical shifts of the trunc to the right and to the left during walking decrease with increasing activity of the M. glutaeus medius. In this way, we show the stabilizing influence of this muscle upon the statics of the spine. This should be especially considered with regard to the physical treatment of the patients. Results with the brace put on: There is only little influence of the brace upon the electrical activity of the musculi erectores trunci: we could not detect any activating ore inactivating effect of the brace. The amplitude of the periodical shifts of the trunc and the perlvis during walking is reduced by the brace. At the same time we found a greater activity of the musculi glutaei medii than with the brace taken off. We suppose that the reduced shifts of the trunc and the pelvis involved by the brace force a greater activity of the glutaeus medius.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Kinematics of high-heeled gait.

High-heeled shoes cause postural changes, a loss in foot function, and increased shock loadings during gait, which must be compensated by accommodations in the kinematics of body segments proximal to the feet. The hypothesis tested in this study was that there are differences in the three-dimensional kinematics of the tibia, knee, hip, pelvis, trunk, and upper trunk between low-heeled and high-heeled gait. Gait analysis of 14 subjects showed that during high-heeled gait subjects walked more slowly (p less than .001), had shorter stride lengths (p less than .001), and had higher stance time percentages (p less than .05). Kinematically, high-heeled gait compared to low-heeled gait, was characterized by significantly increased knee flexion at heelstrike (5.4 degrees vs 2.1 degrees, p less than .05) and during stance phase (22.6 degrees vs 19.2 degrees, p less than .05). During swing phase, high-heeled gait, compared to low-heeled gait, resulted in significantly lower knee flexion (66.1 degrees vs 72.1 degrees, p less than .05) and hip flexion (33.5 degrees vs 34.8 degrees, p less than .05). The range of motion of the pelvis in the sagittal plane was slightly lower in high-heeled gait than in low-heeled gait (7.0 degrees vs 7.9 degrees, p less than .05). No significant differences between low-heeled and high-heeled gait were found in the motions of the pelvis and trunk in the frontal and transverse planes. Statistical tests of intrasubject variability of angles of gait showed that five repeated trials were adequate for analysis of the tibia and knee in all planes of motion and for the hip in frontal and transverse planes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of gait in elderly subjects over 88 years of age.

To evaluate senile gait patterns in octagenarians and nonagenarians, we provided a standardized questionnaire on gait disabilities to 153 elderly subjects over 88 years of age. Subjects represented a relatively healthy subgroup of noninstitutionalized residents who participated in a gerontological survey of all inhabitants of the city of Leiden who were 85 years of age or older. Of the 142 subjects who responded to this questionnaire, 87 persons (61%) claimed distinct diseases as a cause of gait impairment. Forty-two of the remaining 55 persons were investigated neurologically and received a standardized assessment of gait. Twenty-five persons (18% of all responders) had a completely normal gait, whereas a wide spectrum of gait abnormalities--mainly with ataxic features--was encountered in the remaining persons. It is concluded that a surprisingly high number of very old community residents can have a completely normal gait. Gait disorders in this age group are most frequently associated with common distinct diseases. In addition, many elderly have a gait disturbance of variable clinical nature and unclear pathologic basis, which may represent the "idiopathic senile gait."

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Assessing nonprofessional mental health workers with the GAIT. An evaluation of peer ratings.

Coed groups of undergraduates took the Group Assessment of Interpersonal Traits (GAIT) twice with either a 3-week or a 9-week interval. Peer ratings of the nine GAIT scales were unrelated to sex. Test-retest correlations were significantly positive for the short-interim Ss (N = 41) but were generally low for the long-interim Ss (N = 29). Peer-rated GAIT Therapeutic Talent variables (Understand, Accepting-Warm, Open) were significantly correlated with the self-reported Comrey Personality Scale of Empathy, and GAIT Open was significantly correlated with Comrey Activity. GAIT Open, Accepting-Warm, and Best Counselor ratings were significantly correlated with total verbal responses (as counted from audiotapes of the GAIT interactions). The highly intercorrelated GAIT Therapeutic Talent variables may not be discriminated by peer raters. It is suggested that peer GAIT Therapeutic Talent ratings may be tapping an underlying global dimension, Help-Oriented Activity. Attention is called to the need for standardizing Gait ratings and for retaining the economy and ease of the GAIT.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Fast head tilt has only a minor effect on quick compensatory reactions during the regulation of stance and gait.

Sudden tilts of the head to the front or rear were induced during stance, balancing, gait and during perturbations of gait. The most prominent response in the leg muscle electromyogram (e.m.g.) to head tilt occurred in the tibialis anterior muscle (latency about 55 ms) following a backward tilt induced during balancing. During stance and gait, the e.m.g. activity related to head tilt was only a minor component of the leg muscle activity normally occurring during gait. When the head tilt was induced shortly after a perturbation of gait (treadmill acceleration impulse), the compensatory reaction in the leg muscles did not significantly differ from that seen after the gait perturbation alone. In addition, the rate of acceleration of the head was tested against the compensatory e.m.g. responses: No correlation of influence could be discerned. The results indicate that sudden head tilts and the resulting head acceleration have little influence on the e.m.g. patterns that occur during gait and perturbations of gait. It is assumed that these patterns are regulated by central programs, and that the compensation for leg perturbation is achieved mainly by spinal reflex mechanisms. It is discussed whether the lack of head tilt responses is the result of an antagonistic vestibular-neck interaction, or whether it indicates a reduced effectiveness of vestibulo- and cervico-spinal reflexes during gait.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Impressions of people created by age-related qualities of their gaits.

Drawing on the ecological theory of social perception, we investigated the impact of age-related gait qualities on trait impressions. In Study 1, subjects observed 5- to 70-year-old walkers depicted in point-light displays, and rated the walkers' traits, gaits, and ages. Younger walkers were perceived as more powerful and happier than older walkers. A composite of youthful gait qualities predicted trait impressions regardless of the walkers' masculine gait qualities, sex, and perceived age. In Study 2, subjects observed young adult walkers depicted in point-light displays and rated their traits, gaits, and ages. Consistent with the effects of real age found in Study 1, young adults with youthful gaits were perceived as more powerful and happier than peers with older gaits, irrespective of their masculine gait qualities, sex, and perceived age. Study 3 replicated Study 2 using displays showing walkers' full bodies and faces. A youthful gait predicted trait impressions even when subjects could discern the walkers' age and sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluating gait disorders in geriatrics].

Gait disorders in the elderly are a major cause of falls and accidents. They also interfere badly with the quality of life and the psychosocial well-being. The prevalence of these disorders is very high: 15% of the persons over 65 years and about 25% of those over 75 years suffer from gait disorders. The cause of gait disorders can be a specific disease, but in the elderly, multiple causes are much more frequent. In the elderly, the analysis of gait disorders consists not only of a diagnostic work-up, but also of a comprehensive geriatric and functional gait assessment. A minimal gait assessment includes a special clinical examination, an instrumental analysis of gait speed and a functional assessment of gait and balance by standard tests. In this article the relevant methods of a practical gait assessment are presented and some basic aspects of treatments are discussed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2025

Elevated plasma GFAP levels in MCI link APOE ε4 allele with impaired gait speed.

The presence of at least one copy of the apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE ε4) is a known predictor of gait impairment risk among older adults. However, the mechanisms by which APOE ε4 affects gait performance remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to reveal underlying pathological mechanisms linking APOE ε4 carriage to slow gait. This secondary analysis used baseline assessments from the J-MINT multicenter intervention trial, focusing on older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Gait speed was measured at baseline, with slow gait (SG) defined as speeds one standard deviation below the age- and sex-specific mean. APOE phenotype and plasma biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), including amyloid-β composite biomarker, phosphorylated Tau 181, neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were also measured. The analysis included 236 non-APOE ε4 carriers and 84 carriers of at least one APOE ε4. APOE ε4 carriers exhibited significantly slower gait speed than non-carriers (1.20 m/s [SD = 0.22] vs 1.26 m/s [SD = 0.23], p = 0.042). Significant interaction between APOE ε4 carriage and SG was observed only in plasma GFAP levels (F1, 312 = 7.17, p = 0.008), indicating that individuals with APOE ε4 and SG had significantly higher plasma GFAP levels. Elevated plasma GFAP levels fully mediated the association between APOE ε4 carriage and gait speed (partially standardized indirect effect = -0.059: -0.12 to -0.013]). No other AD-related biomarkers mediated this association. Our results suggest that APOE ε4-related gait changes may reflect AD pathology, as indicated by elevated GFAP levels, and could potentially accelerate dementia symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Restoration of gait during two to three weeks of therapy with multichannel electrical stimulation.

Multichannel electrical stimulation was applied in 20 patients with hemiplegia secondary to stroke or head injury using a six-channel microprocessor stimulator-stride analyzer to restore independent gait and to reestablish a normal gait pattern in a two- to three-week therapy period. The therapy was followed up at every session by a stride analyzer incorporated into the stimulator. At the beginning and at the end of the therapy period, each subject's gait was measured with a ground reaction measuring system. Statistical results and observations are presented for the group of 20 subjects, and a detailed description of the results is given for one subject who is representative of the whole group. According to the measured gait characteristics, gait improved significantly in all subjects during the therapy period, resulting in a partly or completely independent gait. The subjects' posture and endurance also improved, and they spontaneously learned how to use a crutch. The measurements and visual assessment of the subjects' progress indicate that the described treatment protocol offers good prospects for faster and more efficient gait rehabilitation in severely impaired patients. To determine the efficacy of gait therapy with multichannel electrical stimulation, a comparative study of conventional therapeutic methods and the method described in this article should be conducted.

Adolescent↗