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Results for “Gait analysis”

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PubMed1985

Repeatability of phasic muscle activity: performance of surface and intramuscular wire electrodes in gait analysis.

Repeatability is an important consideration for gait analysis data that are being used as an adjunct to clinical decision making. An index of repeatability may be based on a statistical criterion (variance ratio) that reflects similarity of wave forms over a number of identical cycles. The purpose of this study was to use the variance ratio to assess the repeatability of phasic muscle activity recorded with surface and bipolar intramuscular wire electrodes during gait on 10 normal subjects. Variance ratios were calculated using rectified and smoothed electromyographic data recorded simultaneously from the two types of electrodes. Three measures of repeatability (reproducibility, reliability, and constancy--defined as the cycle-to-cycle, run-to-run, and day-to-day repeatability of phasic muscle activity) were used to compare the performance of the two electrode techniques. Results show that the reproducibility and reliability were better for surface electrodes than for intramuscular wire electrodes, and constancy was good for surface electrodes and poor for intramuscular wire electrodes. Repeatability improved with increasing smoothing window lengths but was better for surface electrodes than wire electrodes, irrespective of the smoothing window. This study indicates that surface electrode data represent a more consistent measure of activity of superficial muscles, if comparisons are to be made between gait data from different test days.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis assessments.

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis (VOGA) assessments. Fifty-four licensed physical therapists with varying amounts of clinical experience served as raters. Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis who demonstrated an abnormal gait pattern served as subjects for the videotape. The raters analyzed each patient's most severely involved knee during the four subphases of stance for the kinematic variables of knee flexion and genu valgum. Raters were asked to determine whether these variables were inadequate, normal, or excessive. The temporospatial variables analyzed throughout the entire gait cycle were cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and step width. Generalized kappa coefficients ranged from .11 to .52. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) and (3,1) were slightly higher. Our results indicate that physical therapists' VOGA assessments are only slightly to moderately reliable and that improved interrater reliability of the assessments of physical therapists utilizing this technique is needed. Our data suggest that there is a need for greater standardization of gait-analysis training.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Gait analysis in hip and knee surgery.

UNLABELLED: An objective method of gait analysis is presented. It is characterized by: Two five metre long force plates, thus giving possibility of registering several consecutive steps for each foot. Additional equipment has been provided and the whole system has been computerized. Reliability was found to be great and reproducibility good. The method has been used in registering gait variables like time and distance variables, vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal angular movement of hips and knees and these have been correlated to clinical findings. The method has been used in analysis of individuals after pelvic resections preserving the lower extremity, before and after total hip replacement, after total knee replacement and in comparison of two different methods for THR, one cemented (Charnley) and one non-cemented (HP Garches). RESULTS: The gait variables most sensitive in giving evidence of a change in a patient's ambulatory status were maximal vertical force and average velocity followed by step rate, single limb support, and weight acceptance - all measurements of weight bearing capacity. Maximal vertical force and average velocity were the only gait variables that could distinguish the one type of THR from the other. In correlations between the clinical impression of gait function and its objective registration the strongest correlations were found in maximal vertical force and average velocity. Thus, gait analysis is considered a useful tool in the evaluation of locomotor function after surgical procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Walking ability after total hip replacement. A comparison of gait analysis in unilateral and bilateral cases.

We studied 50 patients before and after unilateral total hip replacement, and compared them, using gait analysis, with 22 having staged bilateral operations. The average age of the patients was 65 years at the first operation. The mean follow-up was 53 months for the unilateral cases and 27 months, after the second THR, for the bilateral cases. The average interval between first and second THR was 24 months. Patients with bilateral hip disease did not gain optimal function, even on the first side, until both hips had been replaced. Unilateral replacement gave better gait analysis results than did either side after bilateral procedures.

Bone Cements↗

PubMed1977

A method of gait analysis for daily orthopaedic practice.

A method of gait analysis is described which uses two-dimensional cinephotography, two glass platforms for 6-component force measurements of floor reactions and electromyography transmitted by radiotelemetry. It is used regularly on all patients needing lower extremity surgery for neurogenic gait disorders as a basis for planning and control of treatment. The cinephotographic pictures make the records easy to understand, a primary requirement for clinical use.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1990

Subtle abnormalities of gait detected early in vitamin B6 deficiency in aged and weanling rats with hind leg gait analysis.

Motor abnormalities have been observed in every species made vitamin B6 deficient, and have been detected and quantified early in vitamin B6 deficiency in young adult female Long-Evans rats with hind leg gait analysis. Our objective was to determine if hind leg gait analysis could be used to detect vitamin B6 deficiency in weanling (3 weeks) and aged (23 months) Fischer 344 male rats. Rats (n = 10 per group) were fed: the control diet ad libitum (AL-CON); the control diet devoid of added pyridoxine hydrochloride (DEF); or the control diet pair-fed to DEF (PF-CON). At 10 weeks, plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration confirmed deficiency in both age groups. Gait abnormalities were detected in the absence of gross motor disturbances in both aged and weanling DEF rats at 2-3 weeks. Width of step was significantly reduced (16%, p less than 0.003) in DEF aged rats compared to AL- and PF-CON. This pattern of response was similar to that reported previously in young adult rats. In weanling rats, pair feeding alone reduced mean width of step (+/- SEM) by 25% compared to ad libitum feeding (2.7 +/- 0.1 vs 3.6 +/- 0.1 cm for PF- vs AL-CON, respectively, p less than 0.05). In DEF weanling rats, width (3.0 +/- 0.1 cm) was increased compared to PF-CON (11%, p less than 0.05) but decreased compared to AL-CON (16%, p less than 0.05). Width of step was significantly altered early in B6 deficiency in rats of different ages and strains and in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Gait analysis in ankylosing spondylitis.

A study was conducted to compare the gait pattern of 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with axial disease only with that of 11 healthy controls using a telemeterised electrogoniometer gait analysis system. The reproducibility of the gait variables was found to be acceptable. Angles for movement at the hip and knee were less in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, but hip/knee angle ratios did not differ between the two groups. The stride length was shorter in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis. These findings are due to the increased rigidity of the spine, which results in decreased shock absorption and consequently a more cautious gait pattern in the absence of clinically and radiologically detectable peripheral joint disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Total hip replacement. A comparison between cemented (Charnley) and non-cemented (HP Garches) fixation by clinical assessment and objective gait analysis.

In 119 patients with total hip replacement (THR) 61 were operated on with cemented (Charnley) and 58 with non-cemented (HP Garches) fixation. The assessment was performed by clinical examination and objective registration by gait analysis 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The group with cemented fixation (Charnley) demonstrated better results in all variables. The greatest difference between the groups was found at the 6 months' follow-up. The gait analysis was valuable in the assessment of locomotor function.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Correlation between clinical examination and quantitative gait analysis in patients operated upon with the Gunston-Hult knee prosthesis.

A group of 21 patients with total knee joint replacement was followed-up ten years after the operation. The clinical assessment including pain, range of motion, muscle strength and knee function was related to an objective gait analysis which included ground reaction force patterns and joint angular motion. This method of gait analysis not only confirmed in an objective way the impression from the clinical assessment but also provided a more accurate gradation of the results. The method is applicable to patients with weight bearing problems.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Quantitative gait analysis after unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement.

Using a gait mat, we characterized the functional results for thirty-five patients before and after a total knee replacement for the treatment of degenerative arthritis. Preoperatively, we studied three distinct populations of patients. Group I consisted of sixteen patients who were scheduled to have a unilateral total knee replacement and who had no signs or symptoms of arthritis in the contralateral knee. Group II consisted of twelve patients who were scheduled to have a unilateral total knee replacement but who had asymptomatic degenerative arthritis in the contralateral knee. Group III consisted of seven patients who had bilateral arthritis that was to be managed by total knee replacement. The gait mat allowed us to measure stance time, step length, double-support time, swing time, swing-to-stance ratio, and velocity. A knee-rating scale was used to measure pain. The data were compared with those obtained from an age-matched control group of ninety-one subjects. Postoperatively, the gait evaluation revealed marked improvement in all of the patients. However, the patients in Group II did not improve as much as those in Groups I and III did. We concluded that even asymptomatic arthritis can impair gait, that bilateral total knee replacement can yield excellent results, and that patients tend to use the lower limbs in as symmetrical a way as possible. Gait analysis can be an important source of objective information, and it is easily performed by using a gait mat.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Gait analysis of cerebral palsy children before and after rhizotomy.

Over the past decade, selective posterior rhizotomy has been used successfully to reduce spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy. Although clinical evaluation of these patients revealed functional improvement following surgery, more objective analysis of the outcome of this surgery was sought. Kinematic gait analysis of 14 patients with spastic cerebral palsy was performed before and after selective posterior rhizotomy. Measurements of stride length, thigh range of motion, knee range of motion, average speed of walking, and cadence were made. Statistically significant increases in stride length, thigh range and knee range were found. Average speed was increased and cadence was virtually unchanged. These results corroborate clinical findings of improvement in gait of spastic patients with cerebral palsy following selective posterior rhizotomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

A multichannel PWM telemetry system for kinematic gait analysis.

A multichannel biotelemetry system using pulse-width modulation-frequency modulation (PWM-FM) is described in detail for laboratory construction. Its application in a kinematic gait-analysis system is demonstrated, employing minimally encumbering electrogoniometry and foot-contact switches. The triaxial electrogoniometers sense rotational joint motion, and four foot-switches under the sole of each foot provide information on placement and temporal contact. Signals from the multiple sensors are amplified, encoded by pulse-width modulation, and transmitted at an FM radio frequency of 107 MHz. Received data are decoded and then sampled by a minicomputer for analysis. Results from a comparative study of kinematic gait in five normal subjects and five children with cerebral palsy demonstrate system effectiveness in providing quantitative data and various intrasubject and intersubject gait differences. Factors reviewed in the analysis include swing and stance times; cadence; hip-joint motion in sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes; and sequence of foot placement.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gait analysis in surgically treated clubfoot.

Clubfoot, a congenital foot abnormality, has been successfully managed with surgical treatment. To assess gait in individuals with surgically treated clubfeet, the patterns of electromyographic activity for the medical gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles and the stride characteristics during gait were measured and compared with normal values. The duration of medial gastrocnemius activity was significantly greater than normal, whereas tibialis anterior activity, stride length, and single limb support times were not different. No correlation was found between the results of the gait analysis and the quality of the surgical result.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Joint angle feedback and biomechanical gait analysis in stroke patients: a case report.

The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the use of gait analysis and computer-assisted visual and auditory feedback (CAF) in the treatment of a patient with stroke secondary to hemiplegia. Two-dimensional kinematic and kinetic gait analyses were performed to determine the objectives of treatment and to evaluate the results. The CAF hardware and software permitted immediate visual feedback of performance relative to the desired target with auditory reinforcement if the target was reached in the desired phase of the gait cycle. The objective of the treatment was to increase knee flexion during push-off and pull-off. After four weekly treatments, the patient's gait velocity and stride length, in addition to transfers between kinetic energy and potential energy, were significantly improved. The patient demonstrated a downward trend in total mechanical energy costs and an upward trend in the amount of energy conservation, as well as increased knee flexion. These promising results indicate a need for further research into the use of CAF as a tool in motor learning for rehabilitation.

Ankle Joint↗

PubMed1992

[Gait analysis in patients with injuries of spinal cord and nerve root].

In 102 normal subjects an IGI-3 gait analysis system was used to determine the normal level of walking. The results showed that the time of pressure appeared under foot and the sagittal joint movement of the lower extremities were similar to these reported previously. The forward and backward acceleration showed a single positive peak during swing phase, while the upward and downward acceleration showed two positive peaks. At heel contact of stance phase, the acceleration of all dimensions brought about a big negative peak. The variations in gait pattern were distinguished according to the curve characteristics and activity of muscles in the low extremities. The relations between the degrees of spinal cord injury and the gait characteristics were studied. The result indicated that the patterns of gait depend on the degree of injury. The more smooth acceleration curves, the better gait, and the abnormal gait is characterized by multiple peaks of pressure curves.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Gait analysis of patients who have Paget disease.

Eighteen patients who had Paget disease were evaluated in our gait-analysis laboratory. The results were compared with those of ten healthy age-matched control subjects in order to quantitate the biomechanical changes and to describe the specific patterns of walking that occur secondary to bowing of a lower extremity. Kinetic and kinematic data were acquired using infrared video cameras and force platforms; electromyographic data were obtained using surface electrodes. Velocity and cadence were decreased and stride time and double-limb support time were increased in the patients who had Paget disease compared with the control subjects. Frequently, the knee of the limb that was affected by Paget disease was flexed during stance and flexed less during swing. When the involved knee was in varus angulation it also had an increased adduction moment, which may be related to the bowing deformity. Although the patterns of ground-reaction force were similar in the patients and the control subjects, the magnitudes of forces were reduced in the patients. Phasic muscle activity was similar in the two groups.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Gait analysis in pediatric lower extremity amputees.

Walking function in 56 children with lower extremity amputations was assessed using a questionnaire and gait analysis. Children with prosthetic lower extremities can be very functional in society, often participating in sports. Limitations are proportional to the extent of the missing limbs. As a group, pediatric amputees walk more slowly than their normal peers with a slower cadence and a longer stride length. Pediatric amputees have higher heart rates when walking than normal children, but they seem willing to pay a higher physiologic price for ambulation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Evaluation of a clinical method of gait analysis.

Data on step and stride length, step width, foot angle, and cadence were collected from a sample of 30 normal women. The gait patterns were recorded on white paper by a method which involved the application of moleskin and ink to the soles of the subjects' shoes. The purpose of the investigation was to demonstrate the validity, technical reliability, and clinical feasibility of this method of gait analysis. The values obtained compared favorably with the results of a similarly designed laboratory study cited in the literature. In addition, the method was easy to apply, was not time consuming, and yielded data which were reproducible at greater than a 95% level of confidence.

Adult↗