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PubMed1975

Fine structure and development of schizonts, merozoites and macrogamonts of Eimeria acervulina in the goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium of experimentally infected birds.

The fine structure of trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites and macrogamonts of Eimeria acervulina found in goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium of chicks is described and compared with the corresponding stages formed in other epithelial cells. Complete schizogony, with the formation of mature merozoites, occurred freely in goblet cells. Developing macrogamonts (but no microgamonts) were rarely found in goblet cells. The stages observed were confined to the cytoplasm of the host cell above the Golgi apparatus and were usually seen between the mucous granules. The stages seen appeared normal, and contained similar structures to corresponding stages developing in other cells. The finding of developing stages of E. acervulina in goblet cells provides further evidence that site specificity of Eimeria at the cellular level is not as strict as previously thought.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

MPG protection and goblet cell kinetics in mouse jejunum.

Experiments were undertaken to study the goblet cell changes in the jejunum of mice irradiated in the presence and absence of the protective drug 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). One group of adult Swiss albino mice of 6 to 8 weeks was injected with the drug (MPG) intraperitoneally and a second group was injected with distilled water in the same manner and served as a control. 15-30 minutes after injection animals from both the groups were exposed to a Co-60 source to give a total dose of 1000 R at the rate of 25 R/min. Three animals from each group were sacrificed at different successive intervals. 5 micron paraffin sections of the jejunum were prepared and goblet cells were counted in the crypt and villus region. The results from the two groups were compared. The results from MPG treated mice indicated that there was a protection from the radiation-induced changes. The drug accelerated the regeneration process leading to the restoration of normal number of goblet cells by the last interval studies.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗

PubMed1975

Density of goblet cells in the developing nose.

On ten foetuses, ranging in age from the 13th to the 30th menstrual week, the entire nasal mucosa was removed, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and the density of goblet cells in the various parts of the nose was determined quantitatively. For each locality there was a characteristic density curve, consisting of an increase, a peak, and a decrease. The following factors, influencing changes in density, are discussed: (1) Spread of goblet cells causing the density to increase first in the anterior part of the nose, where goblet cells appear first. (2) Growth of the mucosa whose area increases constantly and regularly. (3) Intensity of goblet-cell newformation which is high during the first weeks, but is then followed by a period of decrease. (4) Lifetime of the goblet cells which is presumably longer in the respiratory tract than in the intestinal epithelium.

Cell Count↗

PubMed1975

Density of goblet cells in chronic secretory otitis media: findings in a biopsy material.

In 30 ears from 24 children with chronic secretory otitis the density of goblet cells and of glands was determined on biopsies from the anterior part of the promontory. The goblet-cell and gland density proved to be highly increased in all cases, with marked individual variations. The median density of goblet cells was 142 cells/field, corresponding to 8,000 cells/mm-2. This substantiates the fact that in chronic secretory otitis the mucous secretion is a product of goblet cells and mucous glands and confirms the secretory pathogenesis of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Mucosubstance histochemistry of Brunner's glands, pyloric glands and duodenal goblet cells in the ferret.

The mucosubstance of Brunner's glands, pyloric glands and duodenal goblet cells were studied using the various histochemical methods. The secretions of both Brunner's and pyloric glands were similar in their histochemical reactions. They contained neutral mucosubstances as in these glands in man. The duodenal goblet cells showed variations in their histochemical characters. (i) The secretions of most of the deep cells and the majority of superficial cells contained sialidase-labile and sialidase-resistant sialomucins. (ii) There were a few superficial and occasional deep cells, the secretions of which contained sulphated mucosubstances. (iii) There were some goblet cells, more in the villi than in the crypts, the secretions of which contained a mixture of sialomucins and a sulphated mucin. The sialomucin was mostly sialidase-labile and partly sialidase-resistant.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Purification of human intestinal goblet cell antigen (GOA), its immunohistological demonstration in the intestine and in mucus producing gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.

Goblet cell antigen (GOA) was purified from gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. It was immunogenic and was used to produced antisera which stained goblet cells of the small and large intestine and of intestinalized gastric mucosa by indirect immunological methods. Various types of gastric and colonic cancer contained GOA. These findings demonstrate a histiogenic relationship between intestinal goblet cells, various gastrointestinal cancers and associated premalignant conditions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1975

Calcium binding to intestinal goblet cell mucin.

1. Binding of Ca-2+ to goblet cell mucin of rat small intestine was studied using equilibrium dialysis against 0.01 M Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and tracer amounts of 45-CaCl2. Binding was found to reach saturation at a Ca free -2+ concentration of 0.1--1.0 mM, to be independent of temperature (4-37 degrees C), and to increase with increasing pH (5.0-8.7). At low concentrations of Ca free -2+ (smaller than 0.03 mM) the binding curve was sigmoidal, suggesting positive cooperativity of binding sites and a possible change in the tertiary structure of the mucin. Binding was markedly reduced, and sigmoidicity abolished, by removal of sialic acid from the mucin, or by adding 0.14 M NaCl to the dialysis medium. This latter finding suggests that, in vivo, other cations would compete for Ca-2+ binding ligands. 2. Under conditions mimicking those used for binding studies, CaCl2 (10- minus 5 M) was found to cause a small increase (0.03 units) in the absorbance of mucin solutions, especially in the ultraviolet region, possibly indicating increased light scattering. No change in the solubility of the mucin was observed after the addition of CaCl2 (10- minus 6-10- minus 4 M). A significant decrease in viscosity of the mucin was noted, however, with the addition of CaCl2 (10- minus 6-10- minus 2 M). Together with the binding data, these findings suggested that during binding, Ca-2+ combines with negative charges on goblet cell mucin (especially those of sialic acid carboxyl groups) and induces contraction or folding of the macromolecule which promotes cooperative cation binding. No evidence was obtained to suggest that CaCl2 caused precipitation, polymerization or gelation of the mucin in 0.01 M Tris/HCl.?

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Intestinal goblet cell mucus release. II. In vivo stimulation by antigen in the immunized rat.

We previously reported that the infusion of certain soluble immune complexes stimulated mucus release from the rat small intestine in vivo. The present studies sought to evaluate the response of the intestine of normal and immunized rats to the infusion of antigen alone. One hour after the intraduodenal infusion of antigen, small intestinal washings were obtained and analyzed for the presence of 35S-labeled, high m.w. glycoprotein of goblet cell origin. The amount of goblet cell glycoprotein released was estimated from the radioactivity present in the void volume of a Sepharose 4B gel filtration column. The release of goblet cell mucus was enhanced by antigen stimulation in orally immunized animals. The discharge of goblet cell mucus was not increased after antigen infusion in animals immunized by the i.p. route despite the induction of high levels of serum antibody. The inability to demonstrate release of mucus after antigen challenge in systemically immunized rats suggests that the amount or the type(s) of antibody required at the mucosal surface is produced only after oral immunization.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Identification of glycoproteins in goblet cells of epidermis and gill of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.), flounder (Platichthys flesus (L.)) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson).

A quantitative analysis has been made of the glycoproteins present in the goblet cells of the epidermis, gill filaments and gill lamellae of three species of teleost fish. The glycoproteins have been identified by a combination of techniques, including the use of the enzyme sialidase followed by Alcian Blue staining, at PH 2.6 or 1.0, in combination with periodic acid-Schiff. The selected fish were representative of species living in marine, freshwater and estuarine environments. The range of glycoproteins identified in these fish was similar to that found in mammalian tissue in that both neutral and acid glycoproteins were present, the latter included both sialomucins sensitive and resistant to sialidase, and sulphomucin. A single goblet cell contained either neutral or acid glycoproteins alone or in combination. Only the epidermis of the plaice and rainbow trout contained uniform cell populations producing acid glycoproteins, the former sulphomucin and the latter mainly sialomucin. At each site in the flounder and in the gill epithelia of the plaice and rainbow trout, the goblet cell population was mixed, with cells producing each type of glycoprotein. The number of goblet cells producing each type of glycoprotein varied at each tissue site.

Alcian Blue↗

PubMed1977

Quantitative differences in goblet cells in the tracheal epithelium of male and female rats.

The cause of higher morbidity rates among men than women from diseases of the respiratory tract may be complex and involve several factors, one of which may be structural differences within airways. In an attempt to determine whether such differences exist, 13 male rats and 45 female rats (15 each in proestrous, estrous, and diestrous) were evaluated. Tracheas were fixed in situ by injection of a mixture of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Longitudinal sections cut from paraffin blocks were stained and combined alcian blue (pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff stain to count goblet cells, or with Weigert's hematoxylin and eosin stain to determine epithelial thickness. In the normal rat trachea, cells containing periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules at their apices constituted a major population of goblet cells. The number of these goblet cells present in the trachea was greater in female than in male rats at each stage of the estrous cycle, with the values in the diestrous females closest to the value in the males. Among females, estrous and proestrous rats contained significantly more of these goblet cells than did diestrous animals. The tracheal epithelium of male rats was significantly thicker than that of female rats. These studies demonstrate that the tracheal epithelium differs in male and female rats and varies in the female rat as a function of hormonal cycles. These results raise the question of whether similar differences might be important in the pathogenesis of human disease, and they deserve further clarification in man.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Goblet cells in spontaneous colibacteriosis in pigs].

This work is a part of the studies on the intestinal barrier undertaken to cast some more light on the pathogenesis of colibacteriosis in pigs. The objective of the work was to investigate the goblet cells in the intestines of pigs ill with spontaneous colibacteriosis in the form of oedema disease and gastrointestinal form. The investigations were carried out on 26 pigs segregated into 3 groups: I group -- typical oedema disease (12 pigs), II group -- colibacteriosis in the gastrointestinal form (8 pigs), III group -- healthy controls (6 pigs). The segregation into the first two groups was based on the clinical, pathological and bacteriological criteria. In all the animals, the number of the goblet cells was counted in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. The results, analysed statistically, showed that in spontaneous colibacteriosis (oedema disease as well as the gastrointestinal form) a slight decrease of the number of the goblet cells was observed. In oedema disease, this decrease is significant only in the epithelium of the jejunal villi and in that of the colon, in the gastrointestinal form -- in the duodenal and jejunal villi. It results from the present investigations that the goblet cells, as one of the factors of the intestinal barrier, are not liable to such changes in spontaneous colibacteriosis as to explain or cast light on the pathogenesis of this disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

[Goblet cells in nasal allergy (author's transl)].

After staining of the whole nasal mucosa from a patient with nasal allergy by the PAS-alcian-blue whole mount method, the density of goblet cells was determined quantitatively. In most sections of the nasal septum and of the inferior and middle nasal concha, the density of goblet cells was found to be considerably lower than in normal subjects. While in some sections, in particular posteriorly, the density was the same as in normal subjects, it was nowhere higher. The low density may be due to metaplastic changes of the epithelium which had thickened and lost ciliary cells. Previous statements that the density of goblet cells is increased in nasal allergy could not be confirmed quantitatively, but investigation of larger materials is called for before any conclusions may be drawn.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Alcian blue staining intestinal goblet cell antigen (GOA): a marker for gastric signet ring cell and colonic colloidal carcinoma.

An Alcian blue staining, perchloric acid-soluble, antigenic acidic mucosubstance (GOA) was purified from human gastric signet ring cell carcinoma with DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Seqhadex G-200 and preparative polycrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific antisera were raised which reacted in indirect immunoenzyme histology with normal goblet cells of the small and large intestine and with goblet cells of intestinalized gastric mucosa. In surgical resection specimens of the stomach (n = 100) and of the colon (n = 19) 3 gastric signet ring cell carcinomas and 3 colonic colloidal adenocarcinomas stained for GOA, demonstrating an immunochemical relationship with normal intestinal goblet cells.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1975

Conjunctival goblet cells in patients with cystic fibrosis.

In five patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas the mucous glandular system of the conjunctiva was studied, as changes, if any, in the conjunctival goblet cells might be applicable as a diagnostic test in questionable cases. A whole-mount technique was used, specially developed for studying conjunctival goblet cells. In all five cases the qualitative as well as quantitative goblet-cell findings were in accordance with a previously reported normal material. In particular, there were no signs of stagnated secretion.

Child↗

PubMed2025

Cetobacterium somerae ZNN-1 promotes goblet cell differentiation through glutamine-mediated Notch signaling suppression.

INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota acts as a crucial mediator in the interaction between the diet components and the host metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism by which the gut microbiota adapts to dietary components and subsequently regulates host physiological responses remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the response of gut microbiota to a plant-based protein diet (soybean meal, SM) and the effects of gut microbiota on host intestinal barrier function, along with the underlying mechanisms in a fish model. METHODS: Histopathological examination, and transepithelial electrical resistance test were used to evaluate the effects of Cetobacterium somerae on intestinal barrier function. Potential molecular mechanisms were validated by integrating whole-genome sequencing, microbiota composition sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, and utilizing in vitro cell models and mouse-derived organoid models. RESULTS: The results revealed that the SM diet significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium somerae in fish. Administration of C.somerae ZNN-1, a dominant strain isolated from the intestine of fish fed with the SM diet, enhanced the intestinal barrier function, particularly increasing the number of goblet cells in the intestine. Whole genome analysis of C. somerae ZNN-1 showed carbohydrate metabolism-associated genes were the most abundant in its metabolic modules. C.somerae ZNN-1 supplementation significantly inhibited the Notch signaling pathway in fish intestine. Metabolomics analysis revealed that administration of C.somerae ZNN-1 increased the glutamine level in fish gut. In vitro experiments demonstrated that glutamine regulated the differentiation of goblet cell by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in both human intestinal epithelial cell model and mouse intestinal organoid model. CONCLUSION: C. somerae served as a key bacterium adapted to soybean meal-derived carbohydrates, and it promoted goblet cell differentiation by inhibiting the Notch pathway. This study provides a new perspective for unraveling the interaction mechanisms among diet components, intestinal microbiota and host health.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Goblet cell population in the pathological middle ear and eustachian tube of children and adults.

On 64 temporal bones from slightly abnormal and pathological prematures and newborn infants, children, and adults, 35,000-40,000 counts of goblet cells were done in different parts of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. The goblet cells were present in all Eustachian tubes and middle ear areas. In ears previously exposed to infection the density was slightly increased in the tubal orifice and in most parts of the middle ear. In subacute and acute pathological actions, especially tubal occlusion, and chronic diseases, such as active chronic otitis and in secretory otitis media, the goblet-cell density is appreciably increased.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Routine procedure for determining goblet cell density in the mucosa of the respiratory tract.

In two normal nasal septa, fine-dissected and stained by PAS-alcian blue whole-mount methods, counts of goblet cells were done in eight different localities in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 fields measuring 0.01768 mm2. The median density and range of goblet cells by each mode of counting were compared and the mean deviation determined. Even as little as 2-5 blindly placed counts, which do not take much time, afford in a 4 mm2 area a fairly reliable orientation regarding density, considerably more reliable than an estimate of the density in sections, so often reported in the literature. Determination of the goblet cell density can be included as a routine method in the histopathological diagnosis of mucosal diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Goblet cell population in the normal middle ear and Eustachian tube of children and adults.

On 54 temporal bones from entirely normal prematures and newborn infants, children, and adults, 30,000 to 90,000 counts of goblet cells were done in different parts of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. In the Eustachian tube, normal prematures showed a very low density of goblet cells in all localities, increasing in the pharyngeal parts gradually through childhood and reaching in the normal adult a very high density in the pharyngeal orifice. There are no differences in density between the medial and lateral wall, but in some parts a decrease of density towards the tubal roof. In the middle ear the density is low in normal prematures, increasing slightly in infants, and decreasing again during the age range 7-14 years and in adults. Goblet cells are present in all middle-ear localities, but in markedly decreasing density in this sequence: hypotympanum anteriorly, posteriorly, promontory anteriorly, in the middle, epitympanum, niche of oval window, antrum, niche of round window, mastoid process, incus, and promontory posteriorly.

Adolescent↗