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PubMed1998

Occupational skin and respiratory diseases among hairdressers.

OBJECTIVES: The occurrence and causes of hairdressers' occupational skin and respiratory diseases were studied. METHODS: Of a random sample of 500 female hairdressers aged 15-54 years, 355 were available for study. Of the 189 reporting work-related skin and respiratory symptoms in a computer-aided telephone interview on exposure and health, 130 underwent a physical examination, lung function tests, prick and patch testing, and nasal and lung provocation tests. An occupational disease was diagnosed when the causality between exposure and disease was probable and the clinical tests supported the diagnosis. RESULTS: The telephone interview revealed a life-time prevalence of 16.9% for hand dermatoses, 16.9% for allergic rhinitis, and 4.5% for asthma among the hairdressers. In the clinical investigations, the prevalence was 2.8% for occupational dermatoses, 1.7% for occupational rhinitis, and 0.8% for occupational asthma. Ammonium persulfate caused 90% of the respiratory diseases and 27% of the hand dermatoses. Paraphenylenediamine, natural rubber latex, and skin irritation were also causes of hand dermatitis. Allergy to human dandruff (8.6%) and Pityrosporum ovale (12.1%) was common. Previously diagnosed atopic diseases increased the risk for occupational skin or respiratory disease 3-fold (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1-7.9). Of the cases, 37.5% (6 of 16 persons) had to change occupations during a 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related skin and respiratory symptoms are common among hairdressers. Often a specific cause (eg, ammonium persulfate) can be found if occupational diseases are suspected and diagnosed. Hairdressers with atopic diseases are at risk of developing occupational skin and respiratory diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Occupational dermatology of the hand.

This article focuses on the various types and causes of occupational hand dermatitis. Salient features of several common occupations at risk for developing industrial hand dermatoses also are presented.

Female↗
PubMed1994

The efficacy of localized PUVA therapy for chronic hand and foot dermatoses.

The response to treatment of all patients enrolled over an 18-month period for localized oral or topical psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) of chronic hand and foot dermatoses was retrospectively reviewed. There were broadly similar success rates for the two groups for complete clearance: 61.5% (eight of 13 patients who completed therapy)--oral PUVA, 47.8% (11 of 23 patients who completed therapy)--topical PUVA, and for significant improvement: 23.1% (three of 13 patients)--oral PUVA, 30.4% (seven of 23 patients)--topical PUVA; there were no significant differences in response when diagnostic subgroupings of the hand dermatoses were taken into account. The mean number of treatments (22 for oral PUVA and 24 for topical), treatment durations (122 and 129 days), maximum UVA doses (11.2 and 12.3 J/cm2) and to a lesser extent cumulative UVA doses (189.3 and 237.0 J/cm2) for the therapies were similar in the two groups; adverse effects were minimal for both treatment protocols. However, at least five of the eight patients in the oral PUVA group and five of the 11 in the topical group who cleared completely relapsed after a mean 86 (range 19-245) and 174 (range 23-596) days, respectively. These findings are in broad agreement with those of previous studies. Therefore to avoid generalized photosensitivity and a higher likelihood of adverse effects with systemic therapy, as well as a possible slower relapse rate, topical therapy seems preferable.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1993

Exposure, skin protection and occupational skin diseases in the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics industry.

A total of 100 workers, 86 from the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP) industry, 11 from polystyrene production and 3 from polyester resin coating manufacture, were examined for occupational skin hazards and for evaluation of skin protection. The workers had been exposed to many chemicals. Those working in the GRP industry had also been exposed to glass fibre and to dust produced by finishing work. 94% used protective gloves. 22 workers, all employed in the GRP industry, had contracted occupational skin disorders. 6 had allergic and 12 irritant contact dermatitis. 4 workers had an accidental injury caused by a peroxide catalyst, fire, hot air and constant mechanical friction. Allergic dermatoses were due to natural rubber (latex) (4 cases) in protective gloves, phenol-formaldehyde resin (1 case) and cobalt naphthenate (1 case). Irritant hand dermatoses (5 cases) were caused by the combined hazardous effect of unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins, organic solvents, glass fibre and dust from finishing work on the skin. Other cases of irritant dermatoses (7 cases) were due to the dust, promoted by mechanical friction of clothes. Skin disorders in the GRP industry were common (26%) but the symptoms were mild and only 3 patients had been on sick leave because of occupational skin disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The 12-year prognosis of hand dermatosis in 896 Finnish farmers.

In all, 896 Finnish farmers (305 men and 587 women), representing 77% of those reporting hand or forearm dermatosis in a questionnaire survey in 1979, were asked again about their dermatosis and current work in 1991. More than 50% of the study population had left farming since 1979. In 1991, 26% of men and 21% of women had a current dermatosis on the hands or forearms, and altogether, 44% of men and 39% of women reported a hand dermatosis within the past 12 months. Significant determinants of persistent hand dermatosis, in a logistic regression model, were continuation of farm work, history of skin atopy, symptoms of metal allergy, and age under 45 years. Handling cattle, e.g., milking, was considered an exacerbating factor of the dermatosis by 37% of those who had milked sometimes in their lives. In this group, 75% of hand dermatoses in those who had finished milking work had healed. The results indicate that giving up or changing work improves the prognosis of hand dermatosis in farming.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Respiratory symptoms and dermatoses among grinders and brazers of hard metal and stellite blades.

The objectives of the study were to determine whether grinders and brazers of hard metal and stellite blades have more respiratory symptoms and dermatoses than referents and to obtain information on the relation between respiratory symptoms and combined exposure to cobalt and wood dust. Two groups of workers exposed to cobalt (108 workers in the manufacture or maintenance of tools and 116 saw filers in the mechanical wood-processing industry) and two reference groups (106 rolling mill and 103 sawmill workers) were interviewed. The prevalence of ODTS-like symptoms (work-related cough, dyspnoea, or fever or chills) was higher for the saw filers than the sawmill referents. After adjustment for age, time spent in present work, smoking and atopy, saw filers had a higher risk for fever or chills than the other study groups. When the cobalt-exposed and unexposed workers were compared by smoking, differences in the prevalence of ODTS-like symptoms were found only for the non-smokers. The cobalt-exposed workers did not have a higher risk of hand dermatoses or symptoms of metal allergy than the unexposed workers. It seems that combined cobalt and wood dust exposure is associated with ODTS-like symptoms, especially among non-smoking workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a self-reported questionnaire on hand dermatosis in secondary school children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a self-reported questionnaire for estimating the prevalence of hand eczema and other hand dermatoses. All pupils in grades 1 and 3 from the secondary schools in Växjö, in southern Sweden, were invited to participate in the study, which consisted of two parts, a questionnaire and a clinical examination. Of those invited, 2572 (98.6%) responded to the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 2535 pupils (98.5%) were clinically examined. The kappa value for the questionnaire findings, compared with the diagnosis from the clinical examination, was 0.79, indicating good agreement. The sensitivity of the questionnaire findings was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6425-0.7975), and the specificity was 99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9860-0.9940). The self-reported questionnaire was suitable for detecting hand dermatosis in a population of secondary school children and may be used as a cost-effective and reliable method of investigating the prevalence of hand dermatosis in epidemiological studies.

Child↗