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PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of infectious bronchitis virus hemagglutination-inhibition test procedures.

Replicate hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests of selected convalescent and hyperimmune infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antisera were run against five IBV antigens: Massachusetts 41, Connecticut 46, H52, Arkansas 99, and JMK. Six different HI test procedures were included in this comparison to evaluate the effect of procedural differences on HI titers. The results were similar among procedures to the extent that positive and negative reactions were differentiated by each procedure with each antigen. This indicated that specificity was not affected by the procedure. However, the mean titers did differ among procedures in tests of the same serum-antigen combination, and the range of the titer differences was frequently fourfold or greater. Generally, high or low titers were associated with specific procedures, regardless of which test antigen was used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, the serum plate agglutination test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies formed in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, seven serum plate agglutination (SPA) antigens, and the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were compared for sensitivity and specificity using known MG-positive and MG-negative sera from leghorn chickens. All SPA antigens proved to be highly sensitive when testing MG-positive sera. Laboratory-prepared SPA antigens yielded fewer positive reactions when testing MG-negative sera than commercial SPA antigens. Both MG ELISA kits showed high rates of positive reactions when testing sera from birds given commercial M. synoviae bacterin, fowl coryza (Haemophilus paragallinarum) bacterin, inactivated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine, and to a lesser extent fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) bacterin. Immunization with Frey's medium with 12% swine serum-in-oil or Staphylococcus aureus-in-oil resulted in sera which yielded numerous positive ELISA reactions. During the first 1 to 3 weeks, antibodies induced by experimental infection with MG were better detected by the SPA test than by the ELISAs and the HI test, thus confirming the SPA test's importance in Mycoplasma diagnostic serology. The HI test can serve to confirm positive SPA results.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

[A modification of the passive hemagglutination inhibition test to correct the results of the passive hemagglutination test in titrating tetanus antitoxin].

The aim of this work was to accelerate passive hemagglutination inhibition test, simplify it, perform it without an incubator and antibody diagnostic agent, and confirm the results of this test the characteristics permitting not only specific, but quantitative assessment of the results of passive hemagglutination test. To achieve this, the authors suggest the following modifications: the working dose of purified tetanus antitoxin is titered in relation to the standard serum; antibody erythrocytic diagnostic agent is modified by adding the working dose of purified tetanus antitoxin; the test is performed at room temperature.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1985

Cryopreserved erythrocytes in clinical laboratory hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests.

Various concentrations of pig, guinea pig, chicken, and turkey erythrocytes (RBCs) were cryopreserved and compared with fresh RBCs in hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition titers obtained with cryopreserved or fresh RBCs from the same donor differed by not more than one twofold dilution. RBCs cryopreserved at a concentration of less than or equal to 12.5% gave the highest percent recovery upon thawing.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Inability of kaolin treatment to remove nonspecific inhibitors from equine serum for the hemagglutination inhibition test against equine H7N7 influenza virus.

The hemagglutination inhibition test is used by many diagnostic and surveillance laboratories for detection of antibodies to influenza viruses. It is well known that the hemagglutination inhibition test is affected by nonspecific inhibitors present in equine serum. Several serum treatments are in use to remove these inhibitors, including treatment with kaolin. Discrepant results were observed in the authors' laboratories when using kaolin treatment before testing equine sera for antibodies against equine influenza virus (EIV) subtype-1 (H7N7). It is demonstrated here that kaolin treatment leads to false positive results when testing for antibodies against EIV subtype-1, as compared to other standard serum treatments (trypsin-periodate, receptor-destroying enzyme). Against EIV subtype-2 (H3N8), however, false positive results were not evident. Trypsinperiodate and receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) treatments appear to be superior to kaolin for removal of nonspecific inhibitors from equine serum and should be used for serological diagnosis and surveillance of equine influenza virus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Whole-blood hemagglutination inhibition test for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) antibodies.

Nontreponemal antibody tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test are carried out on serum and widely used as screening tests for syphilis. The aim of the present study was to develop a screening test for syphilis making use of whole blood and VDRL liposomes. Antibody to human red blood cells was conjugated to VDRL liposomes and reacted with a diluted sample of patient whole blood. A total of 951 samples were tested by the new test and the VDRL tube test. All 49 VDRL samples positive by the VDRL test showed inhibition of hemagglutination in the whole-blood test (sensitivity, 100%). Of 902 samples with negative results by the VDRL test, 901 caused hemagglutination when tested with the liposomes (specificity, 99.9%). The hemagglutination inhibition method tests for syphilis in a simple one-step procedure in which whole blood is added to a tube containing liposomes. The new test has potential for point-of-care testing in developing countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid detection of anti-HAV IgM by solid-phase immunosorbent hemagglutination inhibition test].

A solid-phase immunosorbent hemagglutination inhibition test (SPISHAI) was developed for hepatitis A virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. Three hundred thirty and six sera were comparatively detected with both SPISHAI and ELISA. Among them 97 sera were positive and 237 were negative with both method. The crude agreement rate was 99.4%. With SPISHAI the titers of anti-HAV IgM ranged from 1:20 to 1:327,680 among tested sera from infected individuals by HAV. The specificity of SPISHAI was confirmed by 2-ME treatment method and blocking test. The patients with non-A hepatitis all got negative results. The SPISHAI does not require conjugated antibody and sophisticated equipment, and is not interfered with rheumatoid factor in sera. Furthermore, the result of the test can be got within 3 hours. Therefore, the SPISHAI is a cheap and simple, and could be applied for early diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of hepatitis A in the community and in primary health care.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1983

Serological comparison of canine rotavirus with various simian and human rotaviruses by plaque reduction neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests.

By the plaque reduction neutralization test, the CU-1 strain of canine rotavirus was similar, if not identical, to three strains (no. 14, no. 15, and P) of the tentatively designated third human rotavirus serotype. In addition, strain CU-1 demonstrated a one-way antigenic relationship with two other strains (M and B) of the third human rotavirus serotype. The CU-1 strain of canine rotavirus hemagglutinated human group O, rhesus monkey, dog, sheep, and guinea pig erythrocytes. A two-way antigenic relationship between canine (CU-1) and simian (MMU 18006 and SA11) rotaviruses demonstrated previously by the plaque reduction neutralization test was confirmed further with two additional isolates (A79-10 and LSU 79C-36) of canine rotavirus by the plaque reduction neutralization test and the hemagglutination inhibition test. The CU-1 strain of canine rotavirus, which is known to be distinct from two well-characterized human rotavirus serotypes (Wa and DS-1), was also found to be distinct from the St. Thomas no. 4 strain, which is a newly defined fourth human rotavirus serotype. Thus, this canine strain, which is related antigenically to one of four human rotavirus serotypes, is another example of an animal rotavirus which shares serotype specificity with a human rotavirus.

Animals↗