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PubMed1957

The relation between sedation and body temperature in the mouse.

Chlorpromazine and reserpine reduce locomotor activity and prolong pentobarbitone hypnosis in mice. Both these effects are shown to be proportional to the fall in body temperature produced by these drugs. Other agents are shown to reduce body temperature and potentiate pentobarbitone. At ambient temperatures of 32 degrees C. neither chlorpromazine nor reserpine is hypothermic or sedative. It is concluded that sedative effects in the mouse at ordinary room temperatures are related to the hypothermic properties of these drugs. At 36 degrees C., while reserpine fails to potentiate pentobarbitone, chlorpromazine still does so.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1957

Prolongation of chloral hydrate sleeping time by 5-hydroxytryptamine and by certain other drugs.

Various drugs have been tested for a capacity to prolong the hypnotic effect of chloral hydrate in mice. Amongst the compounds which, when injected subcutaneously in substantial amount shortly before the chloral hydrate (250 mg./kg. intraperitoneally), increased sleeping time significantly were adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), histamine, ergotamine, yohimbine, and atropine. The ability of these drugs to prolong chloral hydrate sleeping time could not be related to any common circulatory property, but most of the active drugs are known to lower body temperature under comparable conditions. It was found that mice which have been pre-treated with 5-hydroxytryptamine or adrenaline suffer a much greater fall of body temperature when chloral hydrate is given subsequently than do mice which have been given chloral hydrate alone. It is suggested that some, at least, of the drugs which prolong the effects of hypnotics do so by virtue of a hypothermic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Paraldehyde and methylpentynol and ganglionic transmission.

Paraldehyde and methylpentynol blocked transmission of nerve impulses through the superior cervical ganglion of the cat when the drugs were administered intra-arterially to the ganglion or intravenously using the nictitating membrane as an indicator. Electrical studies showed that concentrations of methylpentynol and paraldehyde which blocked transmission in the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion were without action on the preganglionic nerve fibre. In amounts which blocked transmission in the isolated rat ganglion, paraldehyde had no depolarizing activity directly on the ganglion cells and did not interfere with the depolarizing activity of added acetylcholine. The results suggest that the block in transmission of the impulse could be accounted for by a decrease in the release of acetylcholine from the preganglionic nerve terminals. In both species the block was reversible.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1959

Pharmacology of methylpentynol and methylpentynol carbamate.

The pharmacology of methylpentynol and methylpentynol carbamate has been studied. The drugs depressed monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, and exerted weak ganglion and neuromuscular blocking actions. They also produced transitory hypotension, and increase of aortic blood flow. Perfusion of the coronary arteries with these drugs led to slowing of the heart, diminished systolic amplitude, dysrhythmias, and increased coronary flow. Respiration was stimulated with small and depressed with larger doses of both drugs. The two compounds diminished the response of the isolated guinea-pig ileum to drugs acting directly on muscle or through ganglia. The effect of the two substances was likened to that of other central nervous system depressants, particularly to that of ethanol.

Carbamates↗
PubMed1959

The effect of methylpentynol and methylpentynol carbamate on the perfused superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

The action of methylpentynol and methylpentynol carbamate on the perfused superior cervical ganglion of the cat was analysed. Both drugs, in doses of 1 to 5 mg., depressed the output of acetylcholine. If the acetylcholine output was reduced by more than about 50%, transmission failed. Both drugs also reduced the response of the ganglion to injected acetylcholine. The carbamate, but not methylpentynol itself, had a transient stimulant action on the ganglion, unaccompanied by acetylcholine release.

Acetylcholine↗