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PubMed2001

[Mobbing: a problem in occupational health].

Occupational stress may be the cause of psychosomatic and mental disorders. A development of conflicts into a negative direction may trigger a mobbing behaviour at workplace and a mobbing syndrome on the victims. On account of the frequency of mobbing activities at work, it is to assert the need of preventive interventions.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Occupational health surveillance, screening, and prevention activities in occupational health nursing practice.

Occupational health nursing practice is broad and encompasses surveillance, screening, and prevention activities as part of the scope of practice. While there has been some controversy about who is responsible for these activities, it is clear occupational health nurses play a pivotal role in overseeing, managing, implementing, and evaluating these programs. In fact, recent OSHA standards have included broad language that permits licensed health care professionals acting within their legal scope of practice to conduct medical and health surveillance activities. While the contributions of occupational health nurses are well documented, little is known about the degree and emphasis in practice related to surveillance, screening, and prevention programs. This study examined the scope of independent and interdependent practice by occupational health nurses related to these activities and found 71% of occupational health nurses had overall responsibility for program management, and the majority performed surveillance, screening, and prevention functions as independent practice. Physician supervision for any of these activities ranged from only 0% to 8% in reporting. The results of this study validate the independent functioning in scope of occupational health nursing practice related to surveillance, screening, and prevention activities while recognizing the contributions all providers make to a healthy work force.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2003

Occupational health nursing in Thailand. Insight into international occupational health.

1. As a country that is both agricultural by nature, and moving toward new industrialization, Thailand is increasingly facing work related health problems. Major occupational illnesses are pesticide poisoning, silicosis, byssinosis, lead poisoning, and occupational injuries. 2. Although the demand for occupational health services is high, occupational health services in Thailand are still not comprehensive. 3. Because of the lack of role perception and inadequate preparation, Thai occupational health nurses have limited functions in providing occupational health services. The services are primarily directed at curative measures rather than prevention. 4. Occupational health nursing in Thailand is currently undergoing intensive development in education, practice, research, and legislation.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Organizational stressors and health. How occupational health nurses can help break the cycle.

1. Many organizations now suffer from a "toxic cycle of harm" in which organizational stressors manifest themselves as deteriorating employee health, productivity losses and escalating costs to the businesses. 2. Although by no means the only source of stress in people's lives, organizational stressors are identified as significant root causes of organizational health and wellness problems. 3. Measurement is key. Data are required for all the elements of the organizational stressors and health cycle to understand and identify how to solve health and business performance problems. 4. The issues of organizational stressors and health are complex and require both leadership commitment and a multidisciplinary approach. Occupational effectiveness consultants and senior management must work together to effect improvement.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

Occupational health nurses and occupational hygiene: a study of South African nurses' attitudes.

The objectives of this study were to assess the current occupational hygiene practices of occupational health nurses and to assess their attitudes to the identification and initial quantification of workplace hazards. A questionnaire was mailed to all occupational health nurses registered with the South African Society of Occupational Health Nurses. Responses were obtained from 221 (53.7%). Responders and non-responders did not differ on key characteristics. Only 14 (6%) of the respondents performed occupational hygiene tasks as part of their routine work and only 31 (14%) volunteered hazard identification and quantification as tasks that would significantly improve practice. Nevertheless, when asked directly, 120 (54%) agreed that occupational hygiene fell into the ambit of occupational health nursing. Over 70% were positive about receiving theoretical and practical hygiene training. Constraints to greater hazard identification included limited time and resources and concern about intruding into the domains of other practitioners. Sufficient numbers of occupational health nurses were interested in identifying hazards in the workplace for training courses to be planned and offered now; however, restraints to practice need to be clarified and removed for these new skills to be used effectively.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Integrating occupational health services and occupational prevention services.

BACKGROUND: Despite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of the working patients. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for literature on occupational medical treatment and the prevention of occupational injury and illness were reviewed to for linkages between prevention and treatment. Policy discussions which identify examples of programs that integrated prevention and treatment were included. RESULTS: Although examples of the integration of clinical and preventive occupational health services exist, there are challenges and barriers to such integration. These include inaction by clinicians who do not recognize their potential role in prevention; the absence of a relationship between the clinician and an employer willing to participate in prevention; economic disincentives against prevention; and the absence of tools that evaluate clinicians on their performance in prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Research is needed to improve and promote clinical occupational health preventive services.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed2003

Associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion. METHODS: Using data for 943 workers among 34 factories, selected by three-stage stratified cluster sampling from 888 factories using acids, two sets of modified case-control studies were performed. The cases were 242 workers with any dental erosion (G1-5) and 78 with severe dental erosion (G3-5); the controls were 701 workers with no erosion (GO) and 864 workers with no or mild erosion grades, GO-2, respectively. The main explanatory variables were behaviors such as wearing a respiratory mask and gargling at work. The results were adjusted for employment, age, sex, knowledge, and opinion about occupational health, attrition, and abrasion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The odds of overall occupational dental erosion (G1-5) was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.42, 0.94) for respiratory mask wearers compared to nonwearers; the odds of severe occupational dental erosion (G3-5) was not significantly less in respiratory mask wearers (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.53, 1.67). Gargling did not show a significant association with occupational dental erosion in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Among occupational health behaviors, wearing personal protective respiratory masks in work was significantly associated with less overall occupational dental erosion.

Acids↗
PubMed2002

The introduction of an occupational health management system for solving issues in occupational health activities in Japan.

An important challenge to occupational health services in Japan is the necessary shift from regulation-based occupational health program to health risk-based program. The Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) is an effective tool for introducing risk-based activities. To date, the Five Management system has been used to manage occupational health activities. This classification, however, does not show the interactions among the listed activities. Nor is it clear how this system contributes to the PDCA (Plan/Do/Check/Act) cycle for continual improvement. The category in the Five Management system called "Roles of the Occupational Physician" covers most of the occupational health services required in Japan. The items listed in the Five Management system were compared to the guidelines of OSHMS from the International Labour Office and issues that should be solved for occupational health activities with OSHMS were clarified. Seven issues are discussed in this paper; (1) occupational safety and health policy and audit that can drive the PDCA cycle effectively, (2) reclassification of occupational health activities with several different objectives, (3) set up of targets, (4) risk assessment methods that can prioritize health risks compared to safety risks, (5) exposure assessment methods for risk assessment, (6) flexibility of laws and regulations, and (7) development of talented professionals for risk-based occupational health activities.

Health Policy↗