Children in heavy traffic: health status, health policy, and prospects for reform.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Health Status”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A preventive services demonstration. Health status, health behaviors, and cost outcomes 2 years after intervention. The Johns Hopkins Medicare Preventive Services Demonstration Team.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
The effects of community differences on health status, health stress, and helping networks in a sample of 900 elderly.
Documenting the social and environmental conditions that promote the health and well-being of individuals is an important step in the advancement of community health nursing knowledge. With the current growth of community-based health care, it would seem to be a prerequisite for planning community-level interventions. The purpose of this research was to link structural properties of communities to the functioning of individuals. We examined the link between levels of community education and percent population change as derived from census data from 18 randomly selected communities and individual measures of health, health stress, and network support in a sample of 900 elderly living in these communities. Results indicate that when community education levels are high, community growth does not affect the health of the elderly which results in less stress with health and the need for fewer helpers. If, however, community education levels are low, and the population is growing, elderly experience poorer health and more health stress and they need more help.
Aged↗
Work status, health status, and other demographic characteristics of Asian American professional health workers (APHWs).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Asia↗
Health status, health behaviors, and acculturation factors associated with overweight and obesity in Latinos from a community and agricultural labor camp survey.
BACKGROUND: U.S. Latino adults have experienced an 80% increase in obesity in the last decade. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 18-64-year-old Latino women (N = 380) and men (N = 335) from a community sample, and men (N = 186) from an agricultural labor camp sample in Monterey County, California, provided data on correlates of obesity. RESULTS: In the community and labor camp samples, prevalences of chronic disease risk factors (high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes) were 1.5-7 times higher in the heaviest compared with the leanest weight groups. Higher acculturation (generational status, years lived in the United States) was the strongest correlate of obesity (measured by BMI) in the community sample (P < 0.001), followed by less exercise and poorer diet (P values < 0.05). Women who exercised <2.5 h/week, watched TV regularly, ate chips/fried snacks, and ate no fruit the previous day were 45 lbs heavier than women with healthier habits. Men who did not exercise, rarely trimmed fat from meat, and ate fried foods the previous day were 16 lbs heavier than men with healthier habits. Discussions with health care providers about diet/exercise were associated with more accurate weight perception and more weight loss attempts in obese participants in both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of acculturation, exercise, and diet to BMI implicate societal as well as individual contributors to obesity among U.S. Latinos.
Acculturation↗
Continuous NSW health survey: quarterly report on health status, health behaviours, and risk factors.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Health status, health problems and practices among refugees from the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.
Recent refugees from Poland, Romania, Iraq, and Vietnam were extensively interviewed to assess their health, health care utilization, and health services use barriers. 277 recent arrivals from these countries and 63 previously arrived Laotians comprised the 1983-1985 sample from the Detroit metropolitan area. Results from a 195-item bilingual questionnaire indicated good overall health and little evidence of serious physical health symptoms. Dental health was the area of greatest reported need. Prenatal care and mental health services were additional areas of need noted by researchers. Barriers to health service utilization were primarily language related. There were major differences in both health problems and health service utilization among the 4 groups surveyed.
Americas↗
[The relations of socioeconomic status to health status, health behaviors in the elderly].
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. METHODS: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSE-K). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. RESULTS: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.
Aged↗
Chronic disease self-management program: 2-year health status and health care utilization outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the 1- and 2-year health status, health care utilization and self-efficacy outcomes for the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP). The major hypothesis is that during the 2-year period CDSMP participants will experience improvements or less deterioration than expected in health status and reductions in health care utilization. DESIGN: Longitudinal design as follow-up to a randomized trial. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred thirty-one participants 40 years and older with heart disease, lung disease, stroke, or arthritis participated in the CDSMP. At 1- and 2-year intervals respectively 82% and 76% of eligible participants completed data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health status (self-rated health, disability, social/role activities limitations, energy/fatigue, and health distress), health care utilization (ER/outpatient visits, times hospitalized, and days in hospital), and perceived self-efficacy were measured. MAIN RESULTS: Compared with baseline for each of the 2 years, ER/outpatient visits and health distress were reduced (P <0.05). Self-efficacy improved (P <0.05). The rate of increase is that which is expected in 1 year. There were no other significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: A low-cost program for promoting health self-management can improve elements of health status while reducing health care costs in populations with diverse chronic diseases.
Adult↗
Effect sizes for interpreting changes in health status.
Health status measures are being used with increasing frequency in clinical research. Up to now the emphasis has been on the reliability and validity of these measures. Less attention has been given to the sensitivity of these measures for detecting clinical change. As health status measures are applied more frequently in the clinical setting, we need a useful way to estimate and communicate whether particular changes in health status are clinically relevant. This report considers effect sizes as a useful way to interpret changes in health status. Effect sizes are defined as the mean change found in a variable divided by the standard deviation of that variable. Effect sizes are used to translate "the before and after changes" in a "one group" situation into a standard unit of measurement that will provide a clearer understanding of health status results. The utility of effect sizes is demonstrated from four different perspectives using three health status data sets derived from arthritis populations administered the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS). The first perspective shows how general and instrument-specific benchmarks can be developed and how they can be used to translate the meaning of clinical change. The second perspective shows how effect sizes can be used to compare traditional clinical measures with health status measures in a standard clinical drug trial. The third application demonstrates the use of effect sizes when comparing two drugs tested in separate drug trials and shows how they can facilitate this type of comparison. Finally, our health status results show how effect sizes can supplement standard statistical testing to give a more complete and clinically relevant picture of health status change. We conclude that effect sizes are an important tool that will facilitate the use and interpretation of health status measures in clinical research in arthritis and other chronic diseases.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Racial differences in health status and health behaviors of older adults.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about racial differences in health status and health behaviors of older adults, especially among the oldest old. OBJECTIVES: To investigate racial differences in health status and health behaviors of African American and Caucasian older adults and to identify factors that influence health behaviors of older adults. METHOD: A descriptive comparative study using data from the Georgia Centenarian Study was conducted. The subjects were 248 older adults (181 Caucasians and 67 African Americans) ranging in age from 60 to 107 years. Demographic characteristics, health status, and four health behaviors were assessed. RESULTS: African Americans had significantly lower mental health (p < .001) and poorer self-perceived health (p < .01) than did their Caucasian counterparts; however, when covaried with education and income, racial differences in self-perceived health were eliminated, and differences in mental health decreased but remained significant (p < .05). Using univariate analyses, only two health behaviors, physical activity and eating breakfast regularly, showed significant racial differences. Relatively few older adults participated in leisure-time physical activity. Logistic regression analyses indicated that race was not significantly related to any health behaviors. Age, gender, and physical health status were most frequently related to health behaviors. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated no robust racial differences in health status and health behaviors, especially when education and income were controlled. More research is recommended to clarify the factors that explain health behaviors of older adults.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Health status and health services utilization among US Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, and other Asian/Pacific Islander Children.
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the health status and health services access and utilization characteristics of US Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, other Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and non-Hispanic white children by using nationally representative data. METHODS: We analyzed the aggregated data file from the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2000 including 334 Chinese, 287 Asian Indian, 292 Filipino, 696 "other API," and 29,016 non-Hispanic white children <18 years old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between Asian ethnicities and dependent variables including components of health status, health services access, and utilization. RESULTS: Logistic regression reveals that all Asian American children were less likely to miss school because of illness or injury or have learning disabilities compared with non-Hispanic whites. Other APIs were less likely to be taking prescription medication for at least 3 months, and Asian Indian children were half as likely to have chronic conditions. Chinese, Filipino, and other API children were more likely to be without contact with a health professional within the past 12 months. Citizenship/nativity status, maternal education attainment, and poverty status were all significant independent risk factors for health care access and utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Asian ethnicities and being foreign-born are generally associated with more favorable health status measures such as school absence, learning disability, use of prescription medications, and chronic conditions. However, these attributes are negatively associated with health care access and utilization, suggesting the need for outreach to Asian immigrant populations to educate them on accessing the US health care system.
Adolescent↗
Provision of feedback on perceived health status to health care professionals: a systematic review of its impact.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on the process and the outcomes of care of feeding back information on perceived health status to health care professionals in clinical practice. DESIGN: Systematic review of controlled trials. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Search in electronic databases (MEDLINE 1966-1997), manual searches, and requests to experts in the field. DATA ANALYSIS: Differences between intervention and control group were considered in process of care (use of health services, diagnosis, and treatment), patient outcomes (health status), and patient satisfaction. In a subgroup of 13 interventions that dealt with the provision of feedback about the patient's mental health, the impact on the process of care was subjected to meta-analysis. RESULTS: We identified 21 studies that satisfied the selection criteria. Eleven of 20 (55%) found significant differences (P <0.05) in at least 1 of the process indicators in favor of the intervention group. Of 11 trials that assessed patient outcomes, only 4 (36%) detected significant improvements. A similar trend but lower percentages were observed among the 8 interventions that provided general health status information. Eleven interventions that evaluated feedback information about the patient's mental health status showed a higher rate of diagnosis in the intervention group (combined odds ratio [OR]=1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28 to 2.83). Seven of 9 studies evaluating treatment failed to show an effect on this indicator (combined OR=1.15; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.75). CONCLUSIONS: The provision of feedback on perceived health status to health professionals seems to have an effect on the process of care but not on patient functional or health status. This is especially true with regard to mental health status information. Nevertheless, there is still need for a more through evaluation of this type of intervention.
Adult↗
[A study on health concern, self-rated health, health status, and health promotion behavior of elderly women in urban area].
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health concern, self-rated health, health status, and health promotion behavior of elderly women in urban areas. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 271 Korean elderly women over 65 years. The data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from March to May of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver.10.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, and the pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: There was a significant positive correlation between self-rated health and health status. Health promotion behavior related to all health concerns, self-rated health, and health status. CONCLUSION: This study showed that strategies of elderly care intervention to put in practice health promoting behavior is needed to improve quality of life in elderly women. In addition, health education appropriate for health maintenance and health promotion must be done for daily living to maintain well-being for the rest of their lives.
Aged↗
Socioeconomic status and health status: a study of males in the Canada Health Survey.
The relationships between education/occupation/income and health status have been well documented in the international epidemiological and sociological literature for many years, however, specific studies on the subject are scarce in Canada. Even when relationships have been demonstrated, the reasons for these relationships are much debated. This study presents an analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health status. The study is based on analysis of data from a sample of nearly 2000 male principal income earners from the 1978 Canada Health Survey. Firstly, is there a relationship between an individual's SES and health status in Canada? Secondly, what aspects of SES--education, occupational status, and/or income--are most important? Thirdly, what are the possible explanations of the observed relationship? That is, is it possible to disaggregate the relationship and thereby infer possible causal mechanisms? The findings indicated a direct positive relationship between SES and health status, i.e. the higher an individual's SES, the better that person's health. The major exception to this was the SES/fitness relationship. In this instance, the higher the SES, the lower the level of fitness. Though age was an important control variable as SES, fitness and illness are age related, the findings relating SES to the health measures remained even when age was controlled for. Of the three SES measures, income was consistently the best correlate of health status. Occupational status showed the most inconsistent relationships with health status. The findings supported both the social causation and social selection hypotheses. That is, social position can have an effect on health status (social causation), while health status can affect one's social position (social selection).
Adolescent↗
Does subjective social status predict health and change in health status better than objective status?
OBJECTIVE: To examine, among middle-aged individuals, if subjective socioeconomic status (SES) predicts health status and change in health status over time better than objective SES. METHODS: Data are from the Whitehall II study, a prospective study of British civil servants. SES data are drawn from Phase 5 (1997-1999) of the study and health data from Phases 5 and 6 (2000-2001). Physical and mental component scores from the Short Form 36, the General Health Questionnaire, and self-rated health were used to assess health status. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between SES and health and change in health status. RESULTS: Complete data were available on 5486 people. Results show both measures of SES to be global measures of SES. Both measures of SES were significantly associated with health outcomes and with decline in health status over time. However, when both objective and subjective measures of SES are entered simultaneously in the model to predict change in health status, it was only the latter that continues to be significantly associated with health and changes in health. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective SES is a better predictor of health status and decline in health status over time in middle-aged adults. These results are discussed in terms of three possible explanations: subjective SES is a more precise measure of social position, the results provide support for the hierarchy-health hypothesis, and the results could be an artifact of common method variance.
Adult↗
Is food insufficiency associated with health status and health care utilization among adults with diabetes?
OBJECTIVES: Preliminary studies have shown that among adults with diabetes, food insufficiency has adverse health consequences, including hypoglycemic episodes and increased need for health care services. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insufficiency and to describe the association of food insufficiency with health status and health care utilization in a national sample of adults with diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed data from adults with diabetes ( n =1,503) interviewed in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship of food insufficiency to self-reported health status and health care utilization. RESULTS: Six percent of adults with diabetes reported food insufficiency, representing more than 568,600 persons nationally (95% confidence interval, 368,400 to 768,800). Food insufficiency was more common among those with incomes below the federal poverty level (17% vs 4%, P < or = .001). Adults with diabetes who were food insufficient were more likely to report fair or poor health status than those who were not (63% vs 43%; odds ratio, 2.2; P=.05). In a multivariate analysis, fair or poor health status was independently associated with poverty, nonwhite race, low educational achievement, and number of chronic diseases, but not with food insufficiency. Diabetic adults who were food insufficient reported more physician encounters, either in clinic or by phone, than those who were food secure (12 vs 7, P<.05). In a multivariate linear regression, food insufficiency remained independently associated with increased physician utilization among adults with diabetes. There was no association between food insufficiency and hospitalization in bivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Food insufficiency is relatively common among low-income adults with diabetes and was associated with higher physician utilization.
Adult↗
Trends in social class inequalities in health status, health-related behaviors, and health services utilization in a Southern European urban area (1983-1994).
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of social class inequalities in Barcelona (Spain) residents in perceived health status, health-related behaviors, and utilization of health services between 1983 and 1994. METHODS: The information was obtained from the Health Interview Surveys conducted in 1983, 1986, 1992, and 1994 in Barcelona. In this study we included noninstitutionalized people ages >14 years. Social class was obtained from the Spanish adaptation of the British Registrar General classification. We studied health status, health-related behaviors, and health services utilization variables. Age-adjusted percentages and the relative index of inequality were obtained. RESULTS: Of the health status variables, having been confined to bed and acute restriction of activity in the 2 weeks prior to the interview showed an increase in inequalities by social class in 1994. The pattern of chronic conditions by social class in men did not change between 1983 and 1994. Women had a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and the inequalities among social classes had increased. In men there were no social class inequalities in smoking in 1983. In 1992 and 1994 smoking was more prevalent in men of social classes IV and V. In women, smoking was more prevalent in social classes I and II in 1983 than in social classes IV and V, something that had changed by 1994. Lack of usual physical activity in men was always more prevalent in social classes I and II, and this difference increased since more people of advantaged classes moved into inactivity. Health services utilization showed no inequalities in the years studied. CONCLUSION: The changing pattern according to social class of smoking and physical activity practice needs to be taken into account by policy-makers and public health workers.
Adolescent↗