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Results for “Health data governance”

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PubMed1987

Community mental health center governance: a study of board chairpersons and CEOs.

A study was conducted in Florida during late 1977 and early 1978 to gather data concerning how well volunteer board chairpersons of community mental health centers (CMHCs) and paid center directors agreed on major governance concepts. These factors included the need for a board, mutual trust, the role of the chairperson, the role of the board, the role of the executive, board organization, governance style, and governance climate. At the time of the study, the rescarcher had over three years' experience as a community mental health center director, three years as a mental health program evaluation and researcher for the state department of mental health, and four years as an administrative and clinical services department head in state psychiatric hospitals. Because of this experience, the researcher felt the study would be more meaningful if survey comparisons were made between chairpersons and executives and by using two frames of reference--from an actual as well as an ideal management orientation. The study was conducted by a survey mailed to 50 volunteer board chairpersons and 50 center executives representing 50 community mental health centers and clinics throughout Florida. Responses were received from 20 volunteer board chairpersons and 30 executive directors. The study was designed to determine if there existed an agreement between these two groups regarding their orientation to community mental health center governance. The two groups responses yielded significant differences. Most significant was that center executives were 2.5 times more dissatisfied with the actual present-day governance system than were the chairpersons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed2001

Using health outcomes data to inform decision-making: government agency perspective.

In the developed world, the demand for healthcare is rising faster than supply, so that governments are faced with the need to allocate limited resources for maximum benefit. Many governments are responding to these pressures by developing health technology assessment agencies, which evaluate the cost effectiveness of new pharmaceutical and medical products relative to existing interventions. In England and Wales, the agency concerned with health technology assessment is the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). NICE brings together evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness to judge the value of the treatment relative to alternative uses of National Health Service (NHS) resources and makes recommendations on use of the treatment by the NHS in England and Wales. NICE evaluates technologies where they may result in significant impact on NHS resources or key healthcare policy. The health technology assessment includes a review of the clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and service impact of the technology under consideration. This health technology assessment report, together with submissions from the technology manufacturer, and patient and healthcare professionals groups, is then considered by an appraisal committee that formulates guidance to the NHS and is ultimately published by NICE. A number of countries have formal guidelines on the use of outcome measures and economic evaluations in the submissions required for health technology assessment prior to market access. These guidelines vary in both the detail and level of mandatory requirement to be followed by technology manufacturers. NICE has recently updated its guidance to technology manufacturers on their submissions. These guidelines, developed in consultation with the healthcare industry, provide detailed specification of the requirements of NICE for health outcomes data and economic evaluation. These details are described in more detail in this paper.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1989

Health care governance: are we keeping pace?

This article reviews current activity of AUPHA programs in the areas of teaching, continuing education, and research in health care governance. Survey data from a sample of 61 AUPHA programs are used to relate these activities to trends in the practice of institutional governance and changes in the health care environment that affect such practices. Areas of concern are identified and recommendations for improvement made.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2005

Future direction of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education and research.

OBJECTIVES: To identify key educational and scientific tasks for the incorporation of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) into conventional health care. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, government and special health report, book chapters, and curriculum guidebooks. CONCLUSION: Nursing education programs are rapidly adding curricula on the practice and research of CAM therapies. The next priority is to facilitate consistency and quality of educational programs by developing standards of practice and a core curriculum. Educational standards agreed upon by the nursing profession and set at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels will help guide the safe and effective integration of CAM into conventional health care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Setting educational standards and developing consistent curricula for CAM will help students emerge from academic programs prepared for safe and effective practice and with skills to evaluate the effectiveness and participate in the research of CAM therapies.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1997

Business, households, and government: health care spending, 1995.

For the period 1990-95, we will present data on health care spending by business, households, and government. In addition, we will measure the relative impact of these expenditures on each sector's ability to pay. In 1994 and 1995, health care costs experienced the slowest growth in 3 decades. Combined with healthy revenue growth, slow cost growth helped ease or stabilize the financing burden faced by business, households and government.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2006

Modelling distances travelled to government health services in Kenya.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate descriptive measures of spatial access to medical treatment, as part of the millennium development goals to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. METHODS: We obtained high-resolution spatial and epidemiological data on health services, population, transport network, topography, land cover and paediatric fever treatment in four Kenyan districts to develop access and use models for government health services in Kenya. Community survey data were used to model use of government health services by febrile children. A model based on the transport network was then implemented and adjusted for actual use patterns. We compared the predictive accuracy of this refined model to that of Euclidean distance metrics. RESULTS Higher-order facilities were more attractive to patients (54%, 58% and 60% in three scenarios) than lower-order ones. The transport network model, adjusted for competition between facilities, was most accurate and selected as the best-fit model. It estimated that 63% of the population of the study districts were within the 1 h national access benchmark, against 82% estimated by the Euclidean model. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolating the results from the best-fit model in study districts to the national level shows that approximately six million people are currently incorrectly estimated to have access to government health services within 1 h. Simple Euclidean distance assumptions, which underpin needs assessments and against which millennium development goals are evaluated, thus require reconsideration.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation informs coalition programming for environmental tobacco smoke reduction.

The objective for this formative evaluation was to establish baseline data for informing a community coalition's strategic planning in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) risk reduction. The coalition had chosen 3 targeted settings for ETS risk reduction: restaurants, childcare facilities, and government buildings. The evaluation methodology involved telephone interviews (restaurants, n = 805; governmental buildings, n = 258) and mailed surveys (childcare facilities, n = 1,142). Data on county residents and businesses were used for comparison purposes and were analyzed from the Nebraska Social Climate Survey (2001; n = 558). Evaluation baseline findings showed that licensed childcare facilities were more ETS knowledgeable, less ETS tolerant, and more smoke-free than restaurants. Residents were more bothered by ETS than what restaurant proprietors perceived. The majority of governmental buildings were not smoke-free. Conclusions were that community health nurse evaluators can provide coalitions with formative evaluative data to inform strategic planning and increase the likelihood of effective program interventions for community impact on ETS.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1999

Definition of race and ethnicity in older people in Medicare and Medicaid.

BACKGROUND: Race and ethnicity are important predictors of health care access and outcomes, but quality of their documentation in the healthcare system is often problematic. OBJECTIVES: To study the agreement between Medicare and Medicaid descriptions of race and ethnicity in older beneficiaries. DESIGN: Quasiexperimental design in a natural practice setting. SETTING: New Jersey. PARTICIPANTS: 153,241 dually enrolled participants in Medicare and Medicaid. MEASUREMENTS: Agreement rates between administrative databases on recipients' race and ethnicity. RESULTS: Agreement between Medicare and Medicaid on the recipients' race and ethnicity was modest (kappa = .58; 95% CI, .57-.58) for men and women alike and across different age groups. Depending on whether Medicare or Medicaid was used as the reference standard, the relative agreement rates for race and ethnic group assignments varied. For example, using Medicare as the reference, the relative agreement rate was 84% for whites, 74% for blacks, 61% for others, 23% for Hispanics, and only 5% for Asians. Using Medicaid as the reference, a different pattern emerged. However, such gradients of agreement rates across racial groups were observed in both programs. Medicare and Medicaid reported different percentages of all race and ethnicity groups, with Medicaid reporting greater proportions of White and Black beneficiaries, and Medicare reporting greater proportions of Hispanic, Asian, and Other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Depiction of race and ethnicity data in large government health insurance programs is approximate at best and often contradictory from one program to another. This can impede efforts to study the relationship between these important characteristics and health care utilization and outcomes.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A survey of county boards' views of funding for mental retardation versus funding for mental illness.

The state of Iowa mandates services for persons with mental retardation but not for those with mental illness, resulting in widely divergent spending for the two populations. Members of 98 of the 99 county boards of supervisors were interviewed to determine differences in attitudes about services and funding priorities. Respondents were more willing to provide supportive services to persons with mental retardation and acute treatment to persons with mental illness. Only 16 percent believed that persons with chronic mental illness should be a first priority for mental health funds. Respondents tended to disagree not about whether services should be funded but about who should fund them. Three-fourths believed that the state should fund such services.

Attitude to Health↗