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Results for “Help-Seeking Behavior”

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PubMed1991

Patterns of self-definition of asthma patients and normal persons in the Freiburg Personality Inventory.

The concept of the specificity of psychosomatic diseases (Alexander) is being differentiated at the time. In order to clarify some aspects of this problem, we want to investigate whether types of self-rating of normal persons differ from those of patients with bronchial asthma. In a second step we shall examine whether those types of self-rating can be found also in expert rating and third the differences between the two groups concerning their help-seeking behavior. For the purpose of this investigation the data of 135 patients with bronchial asthma (who had been investigated at the Heidelberg University Medical Department between 1979 and 1982) and of 330 persons of the Mannheim Cohort Study (who are a representative sample of the average urban population) have been reanalyzed. By means of the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI) data cluster analyses have been done. Evaluated by a group of 5 (5-cluster solution) the patterns of self-rating of patients with bronchial asthma do not differ significantly from those of normal persons. They had a high correlation to the expert rating and to other social-medically important outer criteria. The results indicate that the specificity of psychosomatic patients in relation to normal persons is not very convincing in a pattern of self-rating on the level of the FPI. Therefore, further research in this field seems to be necessary.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Service delivery issues in Asian-North American communities.

The authors describe some of the sociocultural factors (e.g., moralistic, religious, psychological, and familial characteristics) that influence the help-seeking behavior of Chinese psychiatric patients in North America. They propose a replicable approach for investigating sociocultural patterns relevant to service delivery to Chinese in other communities.

Canada↗

PubMed1992

Gender differences in the psychosocial correlates of suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Gender differences in the psychosocial correlates of suicidal ideation were studied. A sample of 613 high school students (ages 14-19) completed measures of suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, life stress, loneliness, alcohol and drug use, and reasons for living. The results of a discriminant function analysis indicated that males reported higher loneliness and substance abuse scores than females whereas females reported greater suicidal ideation, depression, and reasons for living. The results of multiple regression analyses found that, although the same four variables, depression, hopelessness, substance abuse, and few reasons for living emerged as significant predictors of suicidal ideation in both samples, the predictive equation accounted for more of the variance in ideation scores in females (57%) than in males (46%). In a final analysis a discriminant function analysis of the subscales of the reasons for living inventory revealed that females have a greater fear of death and injury whereas males have a greater fear of social disapproval over having suicidal thoughts. This may account for the greater rate of suicide completing among males. Fear of social disapproval, more anger and impulsivity, and less help-seeking behavior among males are offered as potential variables to explain the observed gender differences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Children at home on mechanical assistive devices and their families: a retrospective study.

Few assessments have been done of the influence of caregiver and family interactions on the developmental status of children discharged on mechanical assistive devices. The ages of the 25 children in this study ranged from 2-30 months. Seven were on apnea monitors at the time of the home interviews, and 18 had been off the monitors for 18 months or more. Mothers were administered six questionnaires: Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III), Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, Families Coping Strategies (FCOPES), Self-Esteem Scale, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, and the Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale (REEL). Results on the FACES III revealed that families were not rigid in adaptability; 61% were chaotic, and 33% were balanced. On the cohesion scale, 25% were disengaged, 30% were enmeshed, and 45% were balanced. On the FCOPES, and it's subscales, 36-40% of the respondents scored below the established norms. Social support was strongly correlated with Cohesion and Adaptability (r = .47, .67), HOME scores correlated with Self-Esteem (r = .47) and FCOPES Reframe scale (r = .45), and REEL scores correlated with Social Support (r = .47, .52). Path-analysis revealed two paths: help-seeking behaviors of the mother and the child-mother interactions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

The impact of curriculum-based suicide prevention programs for teenagers: an 18-month follow-up.

In a long-term follow-up of a study designed to assess the impact of school-based suicide prevention curricula on high school students, a group of 174 students from two high schools who were exposed to a prevention program were compared with a group of 207 control students from two additional high schools who were not exposed to the curriculum. A questionnaire, designed to measure the effects of the prevention program on actual help-seeking behaviors and suicide morbidity during the follow-up period, was administered 18 months after delivery of the program. The study failed to find convincing evidence of any program effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Parents' perceptions of children with chronic illness: a study of immigrant Chinese families.

This article describes and discusses parents' perceptions of a children with a long-term health problems in 16 Chinese immigrant families and 15 Euro-Canadian families. These data are part of a larger study, the purpose of which was to explore the illness experience and help-seeking behavior of these families. The data show that the Euro-Canadian parents see the illness or disability as affecting only particular aspects of the child's life, while the child as a whole is seen as normal. The Chinese parents more frequently describe the illness as having global effects on many aspects of the child's present and future life. These differences in perception are discussed in relation to literature about Chinese culture and the experience of immigration. It is suggested that how a parent perceives a child's illness affects how a parent cares for the child and interacts with health care providers.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2026

Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) improves professional psychological help-seeking attitudes: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Professional psychological help-seeking attitudes are crucial for addressing mental health challenges, yet the mechanisms underlying their improvement through internet-based interventions remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial aimed to (1) evaluate the efficacy of Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT) in enhancing professional help-seeking attitudes, and (2) elucidate the longitudinal mediating roles of psychological rigidity and self-stigma. METHODS: A total of 91 male participants (Mean Age = 21.09) were randomly assigned to either a 12-day iACT intervention group (n = 46) using a self-developed mobile application or a waitlist control group (n = 45). Psychological flexibility, rigidity, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes were measured at four time points: baseline, mid-intervention (Day 6), post-intervention (Day 12), and 1-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent growth modeling. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed the iACT group showed greater improvements in help-seeking attitudes than controls (F (3,87) = 5.95, p < 0.001), with medium-to-large between-group effects at post-test for reducing psychological rigidity (d = -0.77, 95% CI [-1.19, -0.34]) and self-stigma (d = -0.88, 95% CI [-1.31, -0.45]). Latent growth modeling revealed a sequential mediation effect: the iACT intervention reduced psychological rigidity (β = -0.53, SE = 0.12), which in turn reduced self-stigma (β = 0.61, SE = 0.09) and improved help-seeking attitudes (β = 0.47, SE = 0.08). CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence that a self-guided iACT mobile intervention can effectively enhance professional help-seeking attitudes by reducing psychological rigidity, which in turn alleviates self-stigma. The developed app offers a scalable solution to overcoming stigma-related barriers to mental health care.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Parental and family predictors of behavior problems in inner-city black children.

Studied contributions of maternal psychological distress, family stress load, maternal and family risk factors, and family coping strategies in predicting behavior problems in 441 inner-city black primary-grade children. Results indicated maternal psychological distress and high family stress load were associated with high child behavior problems. Family coping strategies offered no protection against risk, while coping with life difficulties by reframing them was detrimental to child behavioral adjustment. Active help-seeking strategies (i.e., family mobilization, acquiring social supports) served to moderate the effects of maternal psychological distress and family risk attributes for boys, but exacerbated the effects of dysfunctional maternal social and psychiatric histories for girls. Implications for understanding vulnerability and resilience in inner-city black children and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Adolescent perceptions of help-seeking resources for substance abuse.

Adolescent perceptions of help-seeking social resources (e.g., parents, friends, school counselor, clergyman) they would utilize if they were having substance abuse difficulties were investigated for samples of early and middle adolescents. 8 different perceived help-seeking categories were identified, and intergroup comparisons were made with regard to gender and ethnic/racial group and with regard to alcohol consumption, substance-related problems, and school misconduct. 2 perceived help-seeking categories had the highest levels of problem behaviors. The first category consisted of adolescents who identified friends as the only social resource they would utilize if they were having substance abuse problems. The second category, referred to as social isolates, indicated that they would not utilize any social resource if they were having substance abuse problems. There were approximately twice as many male social isolates as female social isolates, and blacks and Hispanics were highly overrepresented in the social isolate category.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Help-seeking for AIDS-related concerns: a comparison of gay men with various HIV diagnoses.

Examined help-seeking and psychological distress among four groups of gay men (30 AIDS-diagnosed, 107 HIV-seropositive, 149 HIV-seronegative, 244 untested) in the AIDS Behavioral Research Project, a longitudinal survey of San Francisco gay men. The men reported high levels of anxiety, depression, and help-seeking from their social networks. AIDS-diagnosed and HIV-positives reported the most AIDS worry and were the most likely to seek help. High percentages of AIDS-diagnosed men sought help from all sources (peers, professionals, family), whereas nondiagnosed men were more likely to seek help from peers. Regardless of the men's HIV status, peers were perceived to be the most helpful source. Family members were less likely sought and perceived as least helpful. The strengths and limitations of peers as social support providers for AIDS-related concerns are discussed, including implications for the design of community programs to enhance the abilities of peer helpers.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

Hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder.

Hypochondriasis and OCD differ conceptually in the degree to which the patient's disease concerns are experienced as an intrusive mental event or a reasonable psychological response to a realistic health threat, in the degree to which the ideation is resisted, and in the presence of somatic sensations and medical help-seeking. There are, however, some similarities between the conditions, including the development of excessive, stereotyped, repetitive behaviors in an attempt to allay their anxiety. Empirical data on the degree of overlap between the conditions are too limited to permit definitive conclusions. The little that we do know, however, suggests that (1) the prevalence of OCD in hypochondriasis is probably elevated, but not extraordinarily so; (2) the prevalence of hypochondriasis in OCD is unknown; (3) fears about disease, illness, and injury are one of the more common forms of obsessions seen in OCD; and (4) there are several ill-defined and largely unexplored conditions, such as disease phobias, which appear to be very similar to both OCD and hypochondriasis. Clinical experience suggests that there may be a subgroup of hypochondriacal patients who are closer to the anxiety disorders in general and to OCD in particular. This subgroup might respond to the newer, antiobsessional, serotonin reuptake blocking agents.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Romance and help-seeking among college women: "it hurts so much to care".

Although previous research shows that adult women in intimate relations tend to enjoy better health than women without partners, this study finds the opposite tends to be true for late adolescent women. We followed a college entering class prospectively for 4 years and measured romantic involvement and various aspects of health and illness behavior in a questionnaire. Health service use was determined from the medical record, and disaggregated into distress and health maintenance visits, as well as visits expressly for psychological counseling. First year students who were romantically involved had more physical symptoms, more medical visits, but not more counseling visits, than non-involved women. At senior year, they continued to have more health maintenance, more counseling, but not more distress visits, and they tended to experience greater interference in social role performance due to illness when compared to non-involved women. When several mediators of the relationship between romantic involvement and health service use were controlled-number and intensity of physical symptoms, sexual activity, stress in the relationship, and social network characteristics--the differences persisted. Romance appears to motivate help-seeking among late adolescent women for reasons that are not easily explained empirically. Recent work on adolescent women's development offers theoretical leads that can guide future investigations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[The patterns of the health care seeking behavior and related factors in the schizophrenic patients].

Three hundreds schizophrenic out-patients, from 6 different socioculture background psychiatric facilities in Hunan were investigated by structured interview with definite schedule. The results show that after the recognition of the problem by decision maker, 45% subjects were delayed at least one month for help-seeking, 61.3% subjects first visited the non-psychiatric agencies, and 74.3% subjects has counselled with non-psychiatric doctors or healers at least one time, especially to the healer providing superstitious or religious therapy. The help-seeking styles mainly attributes to the lower socioeconomic status of the family, inconvenient referral to the psychiatric facilities, especially if the decision maker is a female, rural resided under-educated person knowing nothing of modern psychiatry. Based on these findings, the authors urge to improve scientific psychiatric care knowledge in population, develop the resource of mental health service to facilitate the radical change of help seeking behavior of the population.

Female↗

PubMed1992

Ethical issues in interviewing.

A study of the help-seeking behaviours of alcohol dependent and problem drinking women raised a number of ethical issues. It had been anticipated that the design of the study and the construction and approval of appropriate consent forms would eliminate the majority of problems. While this was true, a number of unforeseen points emerged during the course of the study related to interviewing women, discussing emotive issues and the responsibilities of the researcher vis-à-vis their samples. This paper discusses the issues raised using specific examples drawn from the research study.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1978

Help-seeking mothers and their children.

Forty-three mothers sought help with management of childhood behaviors. Presenting complaints in half or more of the families included stubbornness, talking back to parents, disobedience and other traits indicative of parent-child interaction difficulties. Pretreatment behavioral observations revealed that mothers shared common characteristics of being low in positive warmth and high in negative and oppositional responses. The children were observed to share common traits of little independent play, frequent frustration, and either ignored their mothers or were verbally and physically oppositional. Behavioral counselling and monitored rehearsal served to reverse many of the behaviors. Almost all mothers reported reduction in problem behaviors. Mothers varied widely in attributing usefulness to different program components.

Attitude↗

PubMed1992

Parents of adolescents: help-seeking intentions as a function of help sources and parenting issues.

This study examined the declared intentions of parents of adolescents to seek help from potential sources for a variety of hypothetical problems related to parenting. The relationship between hypothetical help-seeking and certain characteristics of the help-seeker (sex, educational level, parenting, self-confidence, birth order, and sex of the adolescent), and the source of help (natural support system, professional support system, and media); and the problem type were investigated. The research population included 187 parents of adolescents. A questionnaire was formulated for the purpose of the study which examined help-seeking from nine sources of help on eight hypothetical parenting issues. Intention to seek help was found to be a function of both the particular problem type and the potential source of help. In general, parents declared their intention to seek help from and rely on a variety of sources. It was found that parents said that they were most likely to seek help from their spouses regardless of the issue, whereas professional sources were most likely to be consulted in their area of expertise.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The role of significant life events in discriminating help-seeking among illicit drug users.

This paper examines the role of significant life events in distinguishing two samples of illicit drug users: 120 help-seekers (the "agency group") and 120 not seeking help (the "non-agency group"). We examined 10 life areas clustered around the general categories of "substance use," "social functioning," and "emotional and interpersonal functioning." A range of objective and self-reported information was collected regarding each life area covering the 12 months prior to interview. Analysis revealed that the agency group experienced a greater number of negatively perceived drug-related life events than the non-agency group. These life events were also more likely to have occurred in recent months, prompting reported "concern" and "need for help" among the agency group. Additionally, length of use of current primary drug was seen to be a contributory variable in distinguishing between the groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Phenomenology and neurobiology of social phobia: comparison with panic disorder.

Like panic disorder, social phobia is a common, frequently severe, anxiety disorder that can cause significant work and social impairment. Unlike panic disorder, social phobia has only recently begun to undergo neurobiologic study and to receive pharmacotherapeutic attention. There is a high comorbidity between social phobia and panic disorder; however, many differences exist--including age at onset, gender distribution, contextual framework of anxiety, help-seeking and help-avoidance behavior, quality of sleep and sleep patterns, caffeine and lactate sensitivity, and, most probably, pharmacologic responses. Social phobia can now be included among the growing number of anxiety disorders that respond to pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗