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PubMed1977

Immunologic and biologic activity of oxytocin in midtrimester pregnancy.

Immunologic and biologic activity of oxytocin (OT) were studied by simultaneous monitoring of plasma OT measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and uterine contractility measured by recording of intrauterine pressures during the step-up rate of infusion of synthetic OT. The results in 11 patients with midtrimester pregnancy and step-up increase of OT infusion by 20 mU. showed a positive correlation of the increase of plasma OT and uterine contractility only at the plasma OT levels of 20 to 60 muU. per milliliter and only with hypertonic contractility but no correlation at plasma levels below and above this range. The lack of correlation of "dose and response" either prior to OT infusion or during low or very high rate of infusion suggests that other factors than merely the quantity of plasma OT are involved in determining the degree of uterine response.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of antibody-complement-mediated killing of tumor cells by hormones.

Line 1, a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, is susceptible to killing by anti-Forssman immunoglobulin M antibody and guinea pig complement. When these tumor cells are pretreated at 37 degrees with 10(-4) to 10(-11) M concentrations of the polypeptide hormone insulin, with the catecholamine L-epinephrine-HCl, or with the glucocorticoid steroids hydrocortisone sodium succinate or prednisolone sodium succinate, the cells show a marked reduction in their suseptibility to killing by antibody and guinea pig complement; pretreatment at 0 degrees is ineffective. Similar results were obtained with another antigenically distinct guinea pig hepatoma (line 10) when tested with anti-Forssman immuno-globulin M or specific antitumor antibodies and human complement. The ability of the hormones to render the cells resistant is dependent on time, temperature, and hormone concentration. The effect of hormone treatment is maximal between 30 and 60 min and is reversible within 4 hr even in the continued presence of hormone. Treatment of line 1 cells with up to 10,000-fold greater concentrations of the less biologically active or inactive analogs, DL-epinephrine, beta-estradiol, testosterone, or proinsulin has no effect on the susceptibility of the cells to killing by antibody and guinea pig complement. The effect of hormone treatment is not due to a direct inactivation of bound or fluid-phase complement components by the hormones or to a decrease in the ability of the cells to bind complement-fixing antibody.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

Androgen and estrogen formation in women with ovarian hyperthecosis.

Women with ovarian hyperthecosis were studied and found to have a plasma testosterone production rate of 2.1 mg/day, a value eight times greater than that of nonhirsute, ovulatory women. The severity of hirsutism and virilization in these women was more closely correlated with the amount of testosterone produced than with plasma testosterone concentrations. The mean plasma production rates of androstenedione in these women, 8.6 mg/day, was more than three times that found in young women with no evidence of androgen excess. There was a marked gradient between ovarian and peripheral venous plasma concentrations for both C19 steroids. Following ovarian wedge resection or oophorectomy, there was a precipitous fall in the peripheral venous concentrations of these steroids. These observations support the view that the major source of excess androstenedione and testosterone secretion in these subjects was the ovaries. The rate of estrone formation in these women, 106-345 microgram/day, was the result of extraglandular aromatization of plasma androstenedione.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Translation of the mRNA for rabbit uteroglobin in cell-free systems. Evidence for a precursor protein.

Uteroglobin, an hormonally induced protein composed of two similar subunits, represents around 50% of the proteins synthesized and secreted into the uterine lumen of rabbits treated sequentially with estradiol and progesterone. The endometrium of these animals was used as a source for the isolation of the mRNA for uteroglobin. Poly(A)-rich RNA, extracted from purified polysomes with phenol chloroform and isolated on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns, contains one fourth of the total protein coding activity of the endometrium. Between 20--25% of the polypeptides synthesized by this RNA in cell-free systems derived from Krebs II ascites cells or wheat germs react with a monospecific antiserum prepared in guinea pigs against uteroglobin. The material bound to the antibody was identified as a precursor of uteroglobin according to the following criteria. 1. The product synthesized in vitro can be displaced from the complex with the specific immunoglobulin by purified uteroglobin. 2. Analysis of the immunoprecipitate on polyacrylamide gels containing urea and dodecylsulfate demonstrate the existence of a single labelled polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight larger than the uteroglobin subunits. 3. The tryptic digest of this polypeptide, labelled in vitro with [3H]lysine, shares seven peptides with mature uteroglobin labelled with the same amino acid in perfused uteri, and exhibits and additional peptide not present in uteroglobin. 4. Injection of the same mRNA preparation into Xenopus oocytes results in the production of uteroglobin. The endometrium of intact animals treated with estradiol alone also contains the same mRNA bound to polysomes but in a smaller proportion, indicating that the progesterone-induced synthesis of uteroglobin is accompanied by an accumulation of the specific mRNA in the polysomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of several sexual steroids, 2-bromo-ergokryptin and lisurid-hydrogenmaleate an the postpartum concentration of serum prolactin and lactation (author's transl)].

The effect of Ablacton, Estrovis 4000, 2 Brom-alpha-ergokryptin (Cb 154) and of Lisurid-hydrogenmaleate (LHM) on lactation and the serum concentration of prolactin postpartum was studied. 10 normal nursing postpartum patients served as control. LHM was tested in a double blind study compared to placebo. The serum prolactin (PRL) was determined daily for the first 10 postpartum days by radioimmunoassay. Inhibition of lactation was consistent with Cb 154 (89% of the cases). Within two to three days after the onset of treatment with Cb 154 the changes of pregnancy in the breasts had completely subsided. The sexual steroids resulted in inhibition of lactation in 60% of the postpartum patients but mastodynia continued. LHM showed no difference from group taking placebo. The serum prolactin levels postpartum remained as high as a nursing mother's or rose with the administration of steroids. The administration of Cb 154 resulted in a drop of the serum prolactin to non-pregnant levels with in 2 days. The serum prolactin levels under treatment with LHM were not different from the group slowly. In nursing mothers, the stimulus of suckling maintain the pituitary secretion of prolactin as showed by higher serum prolactin levels and a slower decreased to normals than in the non-nursing mothers.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1976

Oral contraceptive, pulmonary artery thrombosis and anti-ethinyl-oestradiol monoclonal IgG.

Pulmonary artery thrombosis and an anti-ethinyl-oestradiol monoclonal IgGlambda were found to be associated in a 36-year-old woman (Mrs MAI.) who took an oral contraceptive containing 50 mug ethinyl-oestradiol and 500 mug nor-ethisterone daily. After appropriate purification including methods by which the IgG was separated of bound circulating hormones, its binding activity was demonstrated by several methods: passive haemagglutination of oestradiol-benzoate sensitized red blood cells; gel filtration on Sephadex G-25; ultracentrifugation and equilibrium dialysis. IgGlambda MAI bound ethinyl oestradiol (Ka=2-7 X 10(1) M-1) and also 17-beta-oestradiol, with a lower affinity (Ka=0-4 X 10(7) M-1). The valency for these two hormones was near 2. Ethinyl-oestradiol bound to the IgG was displaced by ethinyl-oestradiol itself and in decreasing order of potency by 17-beta-oestradiol, progesterone, oestriol, and testosterone. Oestrone and hydrocortisone had no effect. Although the localization of the binding sites of this IgGlambda was not studied, it is likely that they were the antibody sites of the molecule and, according to immunochemical criteria, it may be classified as a monoclonal anti-ethinyl-oestradiol antibody. It is felt that its association with the pulmonary thrombosis and the oral contraceptive may be significant. This supports the hypothesis of an immunological mechanism for the unexplained thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma levels of 15(S)15-methyl PGF2alpha following administration via various routes for induction of abortion.

Plasma levels of 15(S)15-methyl PGF2alpha were measured by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. During intravenous infusion of 1.0 and 2.5 microgram/min of the drug for six hours the plasma levels were relatively constant around 600 and 1200 picog/ml, respectively. At an infusion rate of 5 microgram/min the plasma level continuously increased during the administration. Intramuscular injections of 100-400 microgram of 15(S)15-methyl PGF2alpha gave maximum levels in plasma (700-1700 picog/ml) after 15-20 minutes followed by a gradual decrease during more than three hours. This rapid resorption of drug into plasma could be delayed by addition of 5 microgram epinephrine to the injected solution. Analyses during a series of intramuscular injections demonstrated that a therapeutical plasma level could be maintained by injections at two to three hour intervals.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Embryo mortality and altered uterine luminal proteins in progesterone-treated rabbits.

This study was undertaken to elucidate the location, time, and nature of embryo mortality induced by preovulatory progesteron administration. Progesterone was injected into rabbits on days -2, -1, and 0 (the day of mating) at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg, respectively. Normal fertilization rates resulted, but embryonic death occurred by day 4. Embryos residing in progesterone-treated does for up to 3 days survived normally when transferred to normal recipients, whereas day 4 embryos from treated does exhibited a reduced ability to implant. Uterine fluid (UF) protein pattern was examined on days 1 to 7 after mating. Total UF protein levels were significantly greater in treated animals on day 4 than in controls. Uteroglobin secretion was significantly advanced in the treated animals by day 3. Examination of the time of the arrival of embryos into the uterus revealed a delay in the progesterone-treated rabbits. This delay, coupled with the earlier secretion of uteroglobin in the treated rabbits, indicated a possible asynchrony of approximately 1 day between embryo arrival in the uterus and certain uterine proteins. To determine whether UF could be etiologically implicated in the progesterone-induced embryonic death, embryonic development in vitro and in vivo was examined after exposure to UF collected at different gestational stages. More normal day 3 morulae placed in UF from day 3 control and day 2 progesterone-treated rabbits developed than similar morulae placed in UF from day 2 controls and day 3 progesterone-treated does. Hence, partial physiologic synchrony was achieved. This was interpreted to mean that "asynchronous" UF can be embryotoxic. Infertility was transient. Ability of the does to produce young at a pregnancy immediately following a progesterone-treated pregnancy was not impaired.

Albumins↗