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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Complement interaction with immune serum globulin and immune globulin intravenous.

Three complement assays, C1q binding activity, C3 activation in normal human serum, and enhancement of alternative pathway activity, have been used to evaluate the in vitro anticomplementary activity of untreated and heat-aggregated (63 degrees C, 10 minutes) immune serum globulin and immune globulin intravenous prepared by partial reduction and alkylation. Unheated immune globulin intravenous marginally activated endogenous C3 in normal serum, had a fivefold lower affinity for 125I C1q but was very similar to immune serum globulin in enhancing complement alternative pathway activity. Heat-aggregated immune globulin intravenous was about twofold less effective than heat-aggregated immune serum globulin in the activation of C3 in normal serum and had approximately a threefold lower affinity for 125I C1q. The ability of immune globulin intravenous to retain specific complement receptor activity suggests that it would also retain in vivo efficacy in complement-mediated amplification of host defense reactions but that it is safe for intravenous use due to a lower capacity to initiate nonspecific complement activation.

Complement Activating Enzymes↗
PubMed1985

Neutralizing antibody to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin and in the sera of human recipients of immune serum globulin.

We determined the titer of neutralizing antibody to hepatitis A virus in five lots of immune serum globulin and in the sera of human recipients of immune globulin using a new and sensitive procedure, the radioimmunofocus inhibition assay. The neutralizing antibody titer of four immune globulin lots ranged from 1:170,000 to 1:406,000, and was approximately 100-fold the antibody titer determined by radioimmunoassay. The neutralizing antibody titer of a Bureau of Biologics reference immunoglobulin was 1:794,000. Sera collected from 18 healthy men who had undergone prophylaxis with immune globulin (0.02 ml/kg body wt) were negative when tested by radioimmunoassay. However, 2 of 18 sera collected before administration of immune globulin and sera from all 18 men collected 3 and 55 days later contained detectable neutralizing antibody. The measurement of neutralizing antibody should prove useful for standardizing passive immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis A as well as for evaluating the potential efficacy of new hepatitis A virus vaccines.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Plasmodium falciparum antigens synthesized by schizonts and stabilized at the merozoite surface by antibodies when schizonts mature in the presence of growth inhibitory immune serum.

Some immune sera that inhibit erythrocyte invasion by merozoites also agglutinate the merozoites as they emerge from rupturing schizonts. These immune clusters of merozoites (ICM) possess a surface coat that is cross-linked by antibody and is thicker than the surface coat associated with normal merozoites (NM) obtained from cultures containing preimmune serum. Analysis of metabolically labeled ICM and NM performed by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that washed ICM possessed immune complexes containing antigens representative of schizonts and merozoites. Characteristics of the immune complexes included: a) they were not soluble in pH 8 Triton X-100, b) they were soluble at an acid pH, and c) after pH neutralization they were precipitated by using staphylococcal protein A. Merozoite antigens having Mr of 83, 73, and 45 kDa were associated with immune complexes in ICM. The 83 and 73 kDa antigens were recovered in considerably larger quantities from ICM than from NM. Schizont antigens having Mr of 230, 173 (triplet), 152 (doublet), and 31 kDa were associated with immune complexes in ICM, and a 195 kDa antigen(s) from schizonts and merozoites was also present in the immune complexes. In addition, other antigens of Mr 113, 101, 65, and 51 kDa may have been immune complexed. These 15 antigens accounted for less than 30% of the schizont and merozoite antigens recognized by the immune serum. Immune complexes probably formed between antibodies and a) surface antigens of schizont-infected erythrocytes exposed to antibody before schizont rupture, b) surface antigens of merozoites and schizonts exposed during schizont rupture, and c) soluble antigens normally released during schizont rupture. The antibody components of the immune complexes may have prevented rapid degradation or shedding of some antigens from the merozoite surface. Allowing schizonts to rupture in the presence of inhibitory antibodies (to form ICM) is a useful approach to identifying exposed targets of protective immunity against malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Antileptospiral activity of serum. I. Normal and immune serum.

Johnson, Russell C. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and Louis H. Muschel. Antileptospiral activity of serum. I. Normal and immune serum. J. Bacteriol. 91:1403-1409. 1966.-Normal serum was found to exert a leptospiricidal effect, mediated by the complement system, against the nonpathogenic leptospires. Although resistant to normal serum, the pathogenic serotypes were susceptible to antiserum plus complement. Several variables in these immune leptospiricidal reactions were investigated. A reaction period of 3 hr at 37 C between serum substances and 1-day-old cells provided a maximal leptospiricidal effect. The normal serum of the rabbit, guinea pig, bovine, and human were leptospiricidal against the nonpathogenic serotypes, and, in conjunction with rabbit antiserum, rabbit and bovine complement were leptospiricidal against the pathogenic serotypes. Studies with C(14)-labeled leptospires indicated that the immune leptospiricidal reaction was associated with a loss of permeability control. Thus, like the gram-negative bacteria, the treponemes, erythrocytes, and nucleated mammalian cells, the leptospires may be included as cell types susceptible to the antibody-complement system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Coexpression of immunoreactivity with an anti-corticoliberin immune serum and immunoreactivity with an anti-vasopressin immune serum in human hypothalamic neurons].

Confrontations of immuno-stainings as well as sequential stainings with corticoliberin and vasopressin antisera were performed on contiguous sections of human median eminence (ME) or hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Results show that a double immunoreactivity to both IS is expressed in some parvicellular PVN perikarya, and suggest that such a double immunoreactivity can be possible in some ME fibers. Similar results had been previously obtained in animals only under experimental conditions.

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B prevention strategies: a benefit-cost analysis of immune serum globulin, hepatitis B immune globulin, and hepatitis B vaccine in the military.

The new hepatitis B vaccine is an effective method of preventing hepatitis B infection. However, its expense could contribute greatly to health care costs, with little marginal benefit if it is used indiscriminately. This study analyzes the relative risk of hepatitis among various health care workers to determine the relative merits of a vaccine strategy. It was found that the average cost of a hepatitis B vaccine in health care facilities is greatly reduced the closer the worker is to a dialysis unit. This might justify not using the vaccine at all in health care workers at facilities without dialysis. Analyzing the marginal cost of immune serum globulin (ISG) versus hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine in a needle-stick protocol, it was determined that the increased protection provided by HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine comes at a cost that would be considered prohibitive by many prudent decision-makers. A separate analysis of the use of hepatitis B vaccine versus ISG in troops assigned to Korea found that most decision-makers might think the cost of hepatitis B vaccine prohibitive, with the benefits mostly speculative and unproved. Data are not available that would allow a benefit-cost analysis of hepatitis B vaccine in most dental personnel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Immune serum confers protection against syphilitic infection on hamsters.

Pooled serum from hamsters immune to syphilitic infection conferred complete protection on recipient hamsters challenged with Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum. Cutaneous lesions did not develop, and the recipients' lymph nodes weighed less than those of controls and contained no treponemes. Treponemicidal activity in the pooled immune serum was relatively high. When treponemes were incubated in immune serum and complement and the suspension was then inoculated into hamsters, recipients developed neither lesions nor enlarged lymph nodes teeming with treponemes. With hamsters already infected for several weeks, however, immune serum failed to impair or influence the progression of syphilis. Treponemes were eliminated only when immune serum was administered within a short time of syphilitic infection. These results demonstrate that hamsters develop an effective serum-mediated treponemicidal response, but this response is not sufficient to eliminate treponemes at the primary foci of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of varicella zoster antibody titers in patients given intravenous immune serum globulin or varicella zoster immune globulin.

We compared the VZV IgG antibody titers after administration of varicella zoster immune globulin and serum immune globulin intravenously (IGIV) in VZV seronegative pediatric patients with cancer. Four patients received VZIG at standard doses; four received IGIV at 4 ml/kg every 4 weeks for four doses; and five received IGIV at 6 ml/kg every 6 weeks for two to four doses. VZV antibody titers were measured by radiommunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA), and neutralizing antibody assay. The mean peak and trough VZV titers by RIA were comparable in all three groups: 1:724 at 4 weeks after VZIG, 1:2048 at 4 weeks after 4 ml/kg IGIV, and 1:776 at 6 weeks after 6 ml/kg IGIV. The titers measured by ELISA, IFA, and neutralizing antibody were comparable after VZIG or IGIV. The VZV titers by RIA were maintained at greater than or equal to 1:1024 after subsequent doses of 4 ml/kg IGIV, and at greater than or equal to 1:256 after subsequent doses of 6 ml/kg IGIV. Adverse effects were rare. The VZV antibody titers assessed 4 to 6 weeks after IGIV administration were equivalent to the titers measured 4 weeks after administration of VZIG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intravenous immune serum globulin in immune thrombocytopenia: clinical results and biochemical evaluation.

Intravenous gamma-globulin of the pH 4-treated Swiss Red Cross (SRC) preparation is an effective therapy for acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) of childhood and chronic ITP in adults. Patients who may respond satisfactorily to treatment include those without detectable immune complexes and those with poor response to pretreatment. Results are especially good in children, half of whom with chronic conditions are able to discontinue therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against protein III block killing of serum-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae by immune serum.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae that resist complement-dependent killing by normal human serum (NHS) are sometimes killed by immune convalescent serum from patients recovering from disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). In these studies, killing by immune serum was prevented or blocked by IgG isolated from NHS. Purified human IgG antibodies directed against gonococcal protein III, an antigenically conserved outer membrane protein, contained most of the blocking activity in IgG. Antibodies specific for gonococcal porin (protein I), the major outer membrane protein, displayed no blocking function. In separate experiments, immune convalescent DGI serum which did not exhibit bactericidal activity was restored to killing by selective depletion of protein III antibodies by immunoabsorption. These studies indicate that protein III antibodies in normal and immune human serum play a role in serum resistance of N. gonorrhoeae.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗