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PubMed1953

Experimental erythroblastosis fetalis in rabbits. I. Characterization of a pair of allelic blood group factors and their specific immune isoantibodies.

A pair of blood group factors, designated G and g, was identified in rabbits by serological means. These factors were found to be alleles, and one or the other or both of them were regularly present in the red cells of every one of a large number of mongrel and inbred rabbits. The factors were not demonstrable in other tissue cells or in the body fluids. They were capable of stimulating the formation of specific immune isoantibodies when repeatedly injected into appropriate rabbits. In most instance both agglutinating and coating antibodies to the G or g factors were present in a given antiserum. The coating antibodies-which did not act as true blocking antibodies-were detected by means of an antiglobulin test (Coombs test), or by means of specific cells modified by the action of trypsin. The antibodies were heat-stable and were active over a wide temperature range; and under suitable conditions, they proved to be potent hemolysins and also capable of fixing complement. The characteristics of the antigens and antibodies of the rabbit G-g system bear a striking resemblance to those of the Rh-Hr system of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Platelet aggregometry and anti-platelet isoantibodies.

102 sera from polytransfused patients have been screened in platelet aggregometry. Anti-human platelet isoantibodies, tested against 'responsive' human platelets in PRP, give in the aggregometer a decrease in optical density recorded as a sigmoidal curve. In the first step of reaction PF3 availability suggests that the primary action of antibody is to damage the platelet membrane. The second step might be a true aggregation (an ADP-mediated platelet clumping) or a platelet lysis, depending on the type and the potency of antibody, on the type of platelets (normal or thrombasthenic) and on some experimental conditions. These conclusions, confirmed by electron microscopy findings, suggest that aggregometry is a very rapid and simple method of detecting platelet antibodies.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1978

Anti-glycosyl antibodies. Two sets of isoantibodies with specificity for different carbohydrate moieties of the same glycosyl antigen.

Two sets of anti-glycosyl antibodies have been isolated by affinity chromatography methods from the antisera of rabbits immunized with a vaccine of nonviable cells of Streptococcus faecalis, strain N. Both types of antibodies are directed against a dineteroglycan of glucose and galactose present in the cell wall of this organism. The members of one set, anti-galactose antibodies, combine with the terminal lactose residues of the glycan and the member of the other set, anti-lactose antibodies, combine with terminal lactose residues of the same glycan. Each set of antibodies is composed of multiprotein components. The electrofocusing method had been used to isolate the individual antibody proteins in homogeneous states as shown by both electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation techniques. Since the components of each set combine with the same structural unit of the antigen, they have been designated as isoantibodies. The sedimentation constants, electrophoretic properties, carbohydrate constituents, and amino acid compositions of the two sets of antibodies are recorded.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Cutaneous hypersensitivity and isoantibody production in cattle injected with live or inactivated Anaplasma marginale in bovine and ovine erythrocytes.

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and the production of isoagglutinins against normal bovine erythrocytes were measured in cattle inoculated with erythrocytic preparations containing live or inactivated Anaplasma marginale. The effect of blood group substances versus parasitic components on induction of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and isoimmunity was examined by using test antigens derived from normal and parasitized erythrocytes, virulent A marginale in bovine erythrocytes, and attenuated A marginale in ovine erythrocytes. The use of inactivated vaccine of bovine origin induced production of isoantibodies and cutaneous hypersensitivity to both bovine and ovine blood group factors, whereas a similar vaccine preparation of ovine origin stimulated antibodies and cutaneous reactivity only against ovine blood group factors.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1965

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF HUMORAL ISOANTIBODIES ON THE IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF IMMUNE LYMPHOID CELLS.

The ability of specifically immunized lymphoid cells to kill H-2 incompatible target tumor cells in tissue culture was shown to depend on the source of the lymphoid tissue (spleen versus lymph nodes). Marked cytotoxic effects were obtained with regional lymph node cells 7 to 10 days after primary immunization, whereas spleen cells from the same animals had little or no effect. Hyperimmunization did not decrease the cytotoxic efficiency of lymph node cells. Experiments were performed to test the possibility that the weak effect of spleen cells is a result of humoral antibody production, antagonizing the cell-bound immunity. Humoral antibodies were cytotoxic in vitro in the presence of complement only. Their effect was manifested after 2 hours, whereas immune lymph node cells did not require complement and cytotoxicity was not expressed until 24 to 48 hours' incubation. Tumor cell cultures treated with specific humoral antibodies in the absence of complement became resistant to the cytotoxic effect of subsequently added immune lymph node cells, while no such protection was seen when normal serum was added. Thus, humoral antibodies led to an "efferent" inhibition of cell-bound immunity in vitro, in analogy with previous results in vivo.

Animals↗