[Studies on amalgam inlay. I. A procedure of fabricating amalgam inlay].
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Dental Amalgam↗
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[Dental ceramic inlay fillings. Expanded indications for dental ceramic inlay fillings].
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Dental Cavity Preparation↗
Fiber-reinforced composite bridge. Inlay-to-inlay technique.
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Adult↗
A 5-year clinical study of indirect and direct resin composite and ceramic inlays.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical performance of 4 types of tooth-colored inlays. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Fifteen direct ceramic inlays (Cerec Cos 2.0), 15 direct resin composite inlays (Brilliant Direct Inlay), 14 indirect ceramic inlays (Vita Dur N), and 14 indirect resin composite inlays (Estilux) were made in 37 patients, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The inlays were evaluated 1 week (baseline) and 6, 12, 36, 48, and 60 months after cementation (modified CDA Quality Evaluation System). RESULTS: Two Vita Dur N inlays fractured after 1 and 4 years in function, and one Cerec inlay fractured after 4.5 years. Two Brilliant DI inlays needed replacement because of secondary caries (after 1 and 5 years), and one inlay (Estilux) needed replacement due to persisting hypersensitivity. Three inlays (1 Estilux and 2 Brilliant DI) were repaired due to chipping or minor fractures. During the observation period, the surface texture of Brilliant DI and Vita Dur N inlays became significantly rougher. After 5 years, the Estilux inlays had significantly lower ratings for morphology compared to baseline ratings. In general, the occlusal marginal adaptation did not show further disintegration of the luting cement after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Eighty-eight percent of the inlays were in function after 5 years. No significant differences were revealed among the survival rates of the different types of inlays.
Aluminum Oxide↗
A prospective clinical study of indirect and direct composite and ceramic inlays: ten-year results.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical performance of 4 types of tooth-colored inlays. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Fifteen direct ceramic inlays (Cerec Cos 2.0), 15 direct composite inlays (Brilliant DI, Coltène), 14 indirect ceramic inlays (Vita Dur N), and 14 indirect composite inlays (Estilux, Kulzer) were placed in 37 patients, according to manufacturer instructions. The inlays were evaluated 1 week (baseline), 6 months, and 1, 3, 4, 5, and 10 years after cementation (modified California Dental Association Quality Evaluation System). The ratings were compared using the chi-square test. For comparing the survival rates among the 4 types of inlays, a life-table analysis was done, followed by a log-rank test. RESULTS: Three Vita Dur N inlays were replaced after 1, 4, and 8.5 years; 3 Cerec inlays were replaced after 4.5, 8.5, and 9.5 years; and 3 Brilliant DI inlays needed replacement after 1, 5, and 6.5 years, all because of secondary caries or fractures. Three inlays (Estilux) were replaced because of persisting hypersensitivity or pulpal damage. Six inlays (3 Vita Dur N, 1 Estilux, and 2 Brilliant DI) were repaired for minor fractures. During the observation period, the surface texture of Vita Dur N inlays became significantly rougher. About 80% of the inlays, including repaired inlays, were in function after 10 years. CONCLUSION: After 10 years of observation, survival of the 4 types of tooth-colored inlays was similar and considered clinically acceptable. The survival rates were within the range of survival for direct composite restorations.
Acrylic Resins↗
Fracture resistance of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic inlays.
PURPOSE: Metal-ceramic inlay designs were developed to determine if the esthetic qualities of all-ceramic inlays could be duplicated and at the same time improve their strength and stability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare the fracture resistance of metal-ceramic inlays with that of all-ceramic inlays; (2) determine the correlation between the degree of preparation taper and fracture resistance; and (3) determine the correlation between marginal gap width and fracture resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inlay preparations were made on 60 Dentoform teeth, with 30 teeth allocated for metal-ceramic inlays and 30 teeth for all-ceramic inlays. Each group was further subdivided into 5-, 10-, and 20-degree taper preparations. Metal-ceramic inlays were fabricated using Goldtech Bio 2000 metal and Ceramco porcelain extending to the margin, while all-ceramic inlays were made from Empress II ceramic. Marginal gap widths were measured at six critical areas after fabrication. The load at failure was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. RESULTS: The mean fracture load for all-ceramic inlays and metal-ceramic inlays at 5, 10, and 20 degrees was 70+/-40 N, 48+/-37 N, 33+/-7 N, and 40+/-23 N, 29+/-22 N, and 14+/-4 N, respectively. The mean gap width was 105 microm and 126 microm for all-ceramic and metal-ceramic inlays, respectively. CONCLUSION: The mean fracture load for Empress inlays was significantly higher than that for metal-ceramic inlays. Inlays with a 5-degree taper were significantly more fracture resistant than those with a 20-degree taper. There was no relation between marginal gap width and fracture resistance.
Aluminum Silicates↗
A one-year clinical study of indirect and direct composite and ceramic inlays.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of four types of tooth-colored inlays. The systems included 15 direct ceramic inlays (CEREC Vita-Blocks), 15 direct composite inlays (Brilliant D.I., Coltène), 14 indirect ceramic inlays (Vita Dur N), and 14 indirect composite inlays (Estilux) in 37 patients. The inlays were evaluated clinically 1 wk (base line) and 6 and 12 months after cementation. The clinical assessments were supported by bitewing radiographs. One Vita Dur N inlay fractured after 1 yr of service, and one Brilliant D.I. inlay had to be replaced because of secondary caries. No apparent increase in plaque accumulation or gingival inflammation could be related to treatment with inlays. At base line and throughout the observation period, the Vita Dur N inlays received the highest ratings for morphology and color match. The Brilliant D.I. inlays showed the smoothest surface texture, whereas the Estilux inlays showed the roughest texture. After 6-12 months of observation, all types of inlays showed varying degrees of disintegration of the composite luting cement. Within the observation period, all inlay systems appeared to be clinically acceptable.
Aluminum Oxide↗
A 10-year prospective evaluation of CAD/CAM-manufactured (Cerec) ceramic inlays cemented with a chemically cured or dual-cured resin composite.
PURPOSE: The present follow-up study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Class II Cerec inlays after 10 years of clinical service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six Class II CAD/CAM ceramic inlays were placed in 27 patients. Each patient received at least one inlay luted with a dual-cured resin composite and one inlay luted with a chemically cured resin composite. At the 10-year recall, 25 (93%) patients with 61 (92%) inlays were available for evaluation using a slight modification of the USPHS criteria. RESULTS: Fifty-four (89%) of the 61 inlays reevaluated still functioned well at the 10-year recall. During the follow-up period, seven (11%) of the inlays required replacement because of: four inlay fractures, one cusp fracture, endodontic problems in one case, and postoperative symptoms in one case. All the replaced inlays had been luted with the dual-cured resin composite. The fractured inlays were all placed in molars. The estimated survival rate after 10 years was 89%, 77% for the dual-cured resin composite-luted inlays and 100% for the chemically cured resin composite-luted ones. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction with and acceptance of the Cerec inlays were high, and the performance after 10 years of clinical service was acceptable, especially regarding the inlays luted with the chemically cured resin composite. The properties of the luting agents seem to affect the longevity of the type of ceramic inlays evaluated.
Adult↗
Retention of composite inlays in enamel dentin cavities.
The retention of composite inlays depends on acid-etching of marginal enamel of the preparation. In many cases, only little marginal enamel is available, making loss of retention a liability. The present study evaluated the retention of three brands of composite inlays under various conditions. Inlays were fabricated and cemented in standardized enamel/dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The force necessary to extract a cemented inlay was used to express the retention of the inlay. The effects of thermocycling and choice of dentin-bonding agent on inlay retention were also determined. Inlays made of Estilux posterior C VS were more retentive than inlays of either Brilliant or SR-Isosit. The latter two products were found to provide similar retentive strengths. The retention of Estilux posterior C VS and SR-Isosit inlays declined when samples were thermocycled. Treatment with Gluma increased retention of inlays, resulting in retentive strengths of the same magnitude for all three inlay systems. The choice of dentin-bonding agent was found to affect composite inlay retention to a greater extent than the choice of either composite brand, mode of inlay curing, or effect of thermocycling.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
A randomized 5-year clinical evaluation of 3 ceramic inlay systems.
PURPOSE: The present follow-up study aimed to evaluate the clinical quality and longevity of 3 ceramic inlay systems and compare them with gold inlays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were treated with one Cerec, one Mirage, one Empress, and one gold inlay, respectively, inserted in a randomly selected order in the mandible. The inlays were examined independently by 2 calibrated examiners immediately after and 1, 3, and 5 years after luting. The inlays were rated using the California Dental Association (CDA) quality evaluation system. RESULTS: Two Empress inlays required replacement because of fracture between examination (Ex) 1 and Ex 2, and 2 Empress inlays were fractured between Ex 3 and Ex 4. One Cerec inlay had to be recemented after 3 months, and one Cerec inlay fractured between Ex 3 and Ex 4 and was replaced with a gold inlay. Examination showed that the mismatch of color increased from 15% to 50% between Ex 1 and Ex 4 for all ceramic systems. Visible evidence of ditching along the margin increased from 5% at Ex 1 to 70% at Ex 4, and an apparent discoloration of the margin between the tooth and the restoration was seen in 0% to 5% at Ex 1 compared to 30% to 55% at Ex 4. CONCLUSION: Eight percent of the ceramic inlays were fractured during the follow-up period of 5 years. Based on the criteria of the CDA quality evaluation system, 92% of the 60 ceramic inlays and 100% of the 20 gold inlays were rated satisfactory 5 years after luting.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Finishing and polishing of indirect composite and ceramic inlays in-vivo: occlusal surfaces.
This study evaluated occlusal margins and surfaces of composite and ceramic inlays after finishing and polishing in vivo. Eighty Class II cavities surrounded by enamel were prepared by two experienced dentists. Forty cavities were restored with indirect microhybrid composite inlays (Tetric), the balance were treated with heat-pressed glass ceramic inlays (IPS Empress). Using a rubber dam, the inlays were inserted adhesively with a dual curing composite of high viscosity (Variolink Ultra). Finishing was performed with the sequence of a 30 microm and 20 microm diamond (finishing method FM 1) or a 30 microm diamond followed by a tungsten carbide finishing bur (FM 2). The composite inlays were divided into four groups of 10 that were finished and polished according to the following protocol: (A) FM 2/Diafix-oral, (B) FM 2/MPS gel, (C) FM 1/Diafix-oral, (D) FM 1/MPS gel. Ten ceramic inlays each were treated as follows: (E) FM 2/MPS gel, (F) FM 1/MPS gel, (G) FM 2/ Diamond polisher, (H) FM 1/Ceramiste silicon polishers. After polishing, replicas of the restorations were fabricated. The replicas were examined by SEM with respect to margin quality (portion of continuous margins, overhangs, submargination and marginal imperfections). Furthermore, surface properties were evaluated qualitatively, which included assessing roundness of the contours in three grades (smooth rounding, few edged contours or predominantly edged contours) and evaluation of the surface roughness (smooth and homogeneous surface, minor roughness or severe roughness). Quantitative analysis of the occlusal composite and ceramic inlay margins showed that 52.2%-84.6% were rated as continuous, 0%-14.0% were characterized by overhangs and 0.7%-10.8% by submargination. A portion of 4.9%-18.1% margins revealed imperfections. The amount of marginal gap formation was negligible. Composite and ceramic inlays showed a similar behavior with respect to marginal quality after finishing and polishing. Overall, there were no significant differences among the four methods applied to composite and the four methods used on ceramic inlays with respect to margin quality. The use of a 30 microm diamond followed by a tungsten carbide bur on composite and ceramic inlays resulted in a significantly larger portion of continuous margins compared to finishing with two diamonds (p=0.049). Qualitative evaluation of composite and ceramic inlays revealed that 50%-80% of the occlusal surfaces were characterized by few edged contours and 10%-50% by smooth rounding. With respect to roughness, smooth surfaces prevailed both on composite (67.5%-80.0%) and ceramic inlays (64.5%-77.3%). Overall, no significant differences were detectable between the methods for finishing and polishing composite inlays and the methods applied to ceramic restorations with respect to roundness of contours and surface roughness.
Adolescent↗
[Retention of composite inlays in enamel-dentin cavities].
The retention of composite inlays depends on acid-etching of marginal enamel of the preparation. In many cases, only little marginal enamel is available, making loss of retention a liability. The present study evaluated the retention of three brands of composite inlays under various conditions. Inlays were fabricated and cemented in standardized enamel/dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The force necessary to extract a cemented inlay was used to express the retention of the inlay. The effects of thermocycling and choice of dentin-bonding agent on inlay retention were also determined. Inlays made of Estilux posterior C VS were more retentive than inlays of either Brilliant Dentin or SR-Isosit. The latter two products were found to provide similar retentive strengths. The retention of Estilux posterior C VS and SR-isosit inlays declined when samples were thermocycled. Treatment with Gluma increased retention of inlays, resulting in retentive strengths of the same magnitude for all three inlay systems. The choice of dentin-bonding agent was found to affect composite inlay retention to a greater extent than the choice of either composite brand, mode of inlay curing, or effect of thermocycling.
Acrylic Resins↗
Evaluation of inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty: a randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: In 1998 Eavey described a new inlay technique for tympanoplasty in the pediatric age group using a cartilage graft through a transcanal approach. This technique was found to be effective and comfortable (no external canal incisions or ear packing). This study evaluated the efficacy of modified-inlay cartilage tympanoplasty compared with the conventional underlay tympanoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Patients were enrolled from December 1998 to March 2000. Seventy tympanoplasties were done in adults with medium-sized tympanic membrane (TM) perforations: 34 inlay tympanoplasties and 36 underlay tympanoplasties (control group). The main outcome measures were the "take rate" on the 30th postoperative day and the audiometric result at the second postoperative month. Secondary outcome measures include subjective postoperative hearing, postoperative pain, duration of surgery, and cost of the procedures. RESULTS: The "take rate" did not differ between groups on the 30th postoperative day (88.2% in the inlay tympanoplasty group vs 86.1% in the underlay tympanoplasty group; P =.8). After a mean follow-up of 7.5 +/- 3.8 months (range, 3-16 mo), the "take rate" was 85.3% in the inlay tympanoplasty group and 83.3% in the underlay tympanoplasty group (P =.8). In the inlay tympanoplasty group there was closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) to within 10 dB in 64.7% and to within 20 dB in 94.1%. The corresponding numbers to underlay tympanoplasty were 75% and 97.2%. In only 2 cases (5.9%) in the inlay tympanoplasty group and in 1 case (2.8%) in the underlay tympanoplasty group the ABG was greater than 20 dB. No audiometric difference was observed between groups (P =.6). Most patients in the inlay tympanoplasty group reported immediate improvement in their hearing (P <.0001). Pain was reported by 10 patients in the inlay tympanoplasty group and by 30 patients in the underlay tympanoplasty group on the first postoperative day (P <.0001). The duration of the surgery (mean +/- standard deviation) was 33.6 +/- 7.8 minutes for the inlay tympanoplasty group and 62.9 +/- 12.7 minutes for the underlay tympanoplasty group (P <.0001). The estimated charge for inlay tympanoplasty at our institution was 65% less expensive than underlay tympanoplasty. CONCLUSION: The "take rate" and audiometric results following inlay cartilage tympanoplasty or underlay tympanoplasty were similar. Inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty did not require general anesthesia, was less expensive, and more comfortable to the patient.
Adolescent↗
Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth.
BACKGROUND: In recent decades ceramic inlays have been used with the increasing requirements from patients for tooth-coloured restorations in posterior teeth. Ceramic inlays can offer an excellent appearance, however, their long-term prognosis is uncertain, as only a few studies have reported the long-term clinical performance of these restorations. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of ceramic inlays in posterior teeth with other posterior restorations. SEARCH STRATEGY: We conducted an electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 1990 to 2001. Handsearching included relevant journals and bibliographies of all relevant papers and review articles from 1990 up to 2001. In addition, we contacted experts and companies conducting clinical research on ceramic restorations to find other trials or unpublished materials or to clarify ambiguous or missing data. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials, in which the longevity of ceramic inlays is compared with those of other posterior restorations. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Screening of possible studies and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers (MH and AY) using a specially designed chart. Authors of studies were contacted for additional information. The methodological quality of studies was assessed in duplicate using individual components. The Cochrane Oral Health Group statistical guidelines were followed and the results expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: Two studies fulfilled the criteria to be included in the review. However, one of them was later excluded from the review, as the study design was not clearly described. The remaining, included study, evaluated the clinical performance of 60 ceramic inlays and 20 gold inlays for five years. Seven of the 60 ceramic inlays and two of the 20 gold inlays failed at five-year review. No ceramic inlays resulted in postoperative pain/discomfort after the treatment, however, one gold inlay did. The power of the included study was not great enough to detect an important difference in longevity and postoperative pain/discomfort between ceramic and gold inlays. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is no strong evidence available to support any differences in the clinical performance of ceramic inlays and other posterior restorations. There is a limited number of well-designed clinical trials within this research area. Greater attention to the design and reporting of studies should be given to improve the study quality of ceramic restoration trials.
Ceramics↗
A 2-year clinical study of composite and ceramic inlays.
Objective long-term clinical data are necessary to evaluate the performance of dental restorations. This prospective clinical trial evaluated composite and ceramic inlays for clinical acceptability as restorative materials in posterior teeth and provided 2-year results. The study involved 7 student operators placing 47 composite inlays (Tetric, blend-a-lux, Pertac) and 24 ceramic inlays (Empress) under the supervision of an experienced dentist. Clinical assessment of 56 inlays (78.9%) was performed after 2 years with modified USPHS criteria and statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. All the ceramic inlays and 90% of the composite inlays were considered clinically excellent or acceptable. During the first year 3 composite inlays failed and during the second evaluation period 1 had to be replaced. Ceramic inlays produced significantly better "anatomic form of the surface" (P = 0.038) and "integrity of the restoration" values (P = 0.043). Inlays in small cavities exhibited superior "marginal integrity" (P = 0.026) and "marginal discoloration" values (P = 0.034). Fisher's test revealed a significantly higher failure rate in molars than in bicuspids (P = 0.034). Posterior tooth-colored inlays exhibited a success rate of 100% for ceramic inlays and 90% for composite inlays even if placed by relatively inexperienced but supervised student operators.
Adult↗
Margin adaptation of indirect composite inlays fabricated on flexible dies.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Indirect composite restorations can be made in 1 appointment using a flexible die. Interactions between different impression materials and flexible die materials may affect the accuracy of fit and margin adaptation of the restoration. PURPOSE: This study compared the margin adaptation of composite inlays made using the following 5 impression/flexible die material combinations; condensation silicone/polyvinyl siloxane (CS/PVS), wash viscosity polyvinyl siloxane/medium or heavy viscosity polyvinyl siloxane (PVS/PVS), irreversible hydrocolloid impression/medium viscosity polyvinyl siloxane (IH/PVS), wash viscosity polyvinyl siloxane impression/polyether (PVS/PE), with composite inlays made using a control system of a wash viscosity polyvinyl siloxane impression and a type IV stone die. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For each test and control system, 10 impressions were made of a class II composite inlay preparation in a metal master die. One die was made from each impression and one composite inlay was made and finished on each die (a total of 60 inlays). Inlays were placed on the master die and the margin opening at the buccal, distal, and gingival sites was recorded with a measuring microscope (x40 magnification). RESULTS: The overall mean +/- SD margin openings of inlays made from the systems were as follows: PVS wash/PVS heavy viscosity 149.5 +/- 107. 4 microm; PVS wash/PVS medium viscosity 87.4 +/- 63.0 microm; IH/PVS medium viscosity 76.7 +/- 48.9 microm; CS/PVS 73.3 +/- 48.7 microm, PVS wash viscosity/PE 64.0 +/- 44.3 microm, PVS wash viscosity/stone 53.9 +/- 48.3 microm. Composite inlays made using the PVS wash viscosity/PVS heavy viscosity system had significantly larger distal, gingival, and overall mean margin openings than all other inlays (ANOVA and Fisher PLSD test; P =.05). The separating medium required between some impression and die materials did not work consistently. Composite inlays fabricated on dies made of material different than the impression material had mean buccal, distal, gingival, and overall margin openings < or =100 microm. CONCLUSION: Composite inlays made on the CS/PVS, IH/PVS medium viscosity, PVS wash viscosity/PE flexible dies, and control PVS wash viscosity/stone dies had statistically similar (P =.05) mean buccal, distal, gingival, and overall mean margin openings that were < or =100 microm. Composite inlays made on dies that were made of the same type of material as the impression material (PVS/PVS) had mean gingival margin openings >100 microm that were significantly larger than all other systems tested (P =.05).
Alginates↗
A 5-year clinical evaluation of ceramic inlays (Cerec) cemented with a dual-cured or chemically cured resin composite luting agent.
Sixty-six class-II CAD/CAM-manufactured ceramic inlays (Cerec) were placed in 27 patients. Each patient received at least one inlay luted with a dual-cured resin composite and one inlay luted with a chemically cured resin composite. The inlays were examined 5 years after luting using the California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Eighty-nine percent of the 66 inlays were rated 'satisfactory'. During the follow-up period replacement was required for 3 inlays because of inlay fractures (4.5%) and 1 inlay because of fracture of the tooth substance (1.5%). All those inlays were luted with the dual-cured resin composite luting agent. Of the remaining 62 inlays the CDA rating 'excellent' was given to 84% for color, 97% for surface, and 81% for anatomic form. 'Excellent' margin integrity was seen in 52% of the dual-cured resin composite luted inlays and in 61% of the chemically cured resin composite luted inlays. No statistically significant (P> 0.05) difference was observed between the two luting agents.
Adolescent↗
Clinical evaluation of glass ceramic inlays (Dicor).
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of ceramic class-II inlays (Dicor) in the first 2 years after placement. As a reference, a similar number of dental amalgam restorations were followed up during the same period. Twenty-five inlays and 25 dental amalgams were placed on premolars and first molars of 20 and 19 patients (15-19 years old), respectively. The inlay preparations were made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, and the inlays were produced by a licensed Dicor laboratory. The inlays were luted, using a glass ionomer cement. The dental amalgam preparations were made using standard class-II preparation techniques and filled with ANA 2000. The inlays were evaluated after 6, 12, and 24 months, and the dental amalgam restorations after 24 months, using the criteria suggested by Ryge. In addition, the 24-month examination included proximal recording of dental plaque and gingivitis. With the exception of two inlays that fractured during the observation period, all ceramic inlays showed excellent ratings for anatomic form, marginal discoloration, and marginal caries at all examinations. Two inlays showed minor marginal defects but were classified within the range of acceptance with no need for replacement. The two fractured inlays were replacements of earlier fractured dental amalgams. The clinical behavior of the dental amalgam restorations was in most respects similar to that of the ceramic inlays. Unlike the inlays, however, no dental amalgams fractured during the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗