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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Comparative study on 4.cephalometric measurements for the demonstration of the sagittal intermaxillary relation with special reference to Swiss health insurance criteria].

For 4 cephalometric criteria (the angles ANB and AB-OCC and the distances AFH-BFH and "Wits"), which all are measured to show the relation between the maxilla and the mandible (i.e. the A- and B-points), average values, standard errors, standard deviations and errors of the method were determined in a sample of 298 schoolchildren of Zurich, who were selected on the basis of their date of birth only. It could be demonstrated that the angle ANB is dependent on both the angle SNA and NA to Frankfort horizontal, and that this dependence is linear. The angle AB to occlusal plane however seems to be independent of the relation between the A-point and the Nasion. Both ANB and AB-OCC could be determined with the same accuracy.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1976

Handicapped children under National Health Insurance.

This paper describes the services for the care of handicapped children and young people in the United Kingdom and Sweden--two countries which have a system of a national health service and national health insurance. The author discusses the implications for the United States, which is now moving towards a national health insurance scheme. The future of existing programmes, the need for a national plan, and the choice of priorities are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Orthodontic attitudes toward national health insurance.

Data were obtained by surveying North Carolina orthodontists by means of a mailed questionnaire. Their responses were coded to make possible analysis by computer and were compared to responses from a national sample of dentists in the 1975 Survey of Dentists. Both North Carolina orthodontists and dentists nationwide agreed that some form of dental care should be provided if a national health insurance system were established. Compared to the dentists surveyed nationwide, the orthodontists favored a wider range of coverages but advocated providing a narrower scope of dental services. They indicated more strongly their general belief that a government health program would lead to regulation outside the private sector. The orthodontists disagreed more strongly with the claim that government health programs could provide more people with high-quality dental care. Both groups anticipated that comprehensive dental care in a national health insurance system would result in fixed fees set by the government. Only 62 percent of the orthodontists polled were familiar with HMOs. Of this group, nearly 90 percent chose not to contract with these organizations.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

In-home health services in California: some lessons for national health insurance.

Spiralling Medicare and Medicaid expenditures, recent revelations about unhealthy conditions in nursing homes, and pressure for national health insurance have led to increased interest in in-home health services as appropriate and cost-effective. Medicare and Medicaid provided some stimulus for development of in-home health services. Shortly after these programs went into effect, however, major policy decisions were made aimed at curbing utilization of in-home health services. California home health data for 1966-1973 document the effects of major policies that led to the development and decline of in-home health services under Medicare and Medicaid. A review of those policies, supported by the California data, indicate that in-home health services have been greatly restricted by historical underdevelopment and legislative and regulatory emphases. In addition, the study indicates the limitations of the kind of data currently collected and suggests data requirements necessary for future program evaluation and planning in home health.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

Determinants of private health insurance uptake and its association with healthcare utilization in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a systematic review.

All Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have a multi-payer healthcare system that comprises governmental health coverage (GHC), funded by the government, and private health insurance (PHI), mainly sponsored by employers and purchased by individuals. Both are expected to influence healthcare utilization and contribute to system efficiency and patient well-being. This systematic review explored the determinants of PHI uptake and its association with healthcare service utilization in the presence of GHC in GCC countries. We systematically searched CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2012 and October 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists for both quantitative and qualitative studies, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Determinants of PHI uptake were mapped to Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (BMHSU) and categorized into (1) predisposing factors (sex, age, marital status, and education), (2) enabling factors (employment/income and health system-related factors such as access and perceived service quality), and (3) need factors (health status, including chronic noncommunicable diseases). PHI uptake was positively associated with being male, married, highly educated, employed with a high income, and having chronic diseases. PHI was positively associated with healthcare utilization, particularly routine check-ups, preventive services, and the use of prescribed medicines. In GCC countries, PHI uptake is influenced by sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and perceived service quality. PHI is also associated with higher healthcare utilization, underlining the need for evidence-informed policies that enhance equity and expand coverage.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social surveys and health policy implications for national health insurance.

The authors explore the utility of applying social survey data (a) to evaluate the impact of existing health programs and (b) to rank-order priorities concerning future health care policies. Based on national survey data from 1963, 1970, and 1976, they concluded that although Medicare and Medicaid have enabled more people to see a physician than ever before, a large proportion of the population still registers dissatisfaction with the health care they received--particularly with respect to their out-of-pocket costs for obtaining it. However, national health insurance options favored by the majority of the population--particularly those who can best afford the cost of care--suggest preferences for programs that incorporate some mix of existing modes of financing rather than those that provide for substantial restructuring of the current system.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1979

Universal health insurance in Canada: history, problems, trends.

This paper describes the universal health insurance program in Canada and identifies the historical events and social values leading to its adoption. Universal hospital insurance was adopted in 1958, ten years before medical insurance, as a result hospital-based patterns of practice were solidified. Through cost sharing, the federal government influenced the provinces to enact relatively uniform universal plans. From 1951 to 1971 health care expenditures rose rapidly to 7.3% of the gross national product (GNP), but have since decreased and stabilized at about 6.9%. In contrast, health care in the United States represents 8.6% of GNP. Hospital use also increased rapidly in Canada to 1970 but appears to have stabilized and decreased slightly in this decade. Physician incomes rose rapidly before 1971, but since then the increases have slowed and relative incomes of physicians have fallen. Althouth the percent of GNP spent for health care has leveled, there are still substantial annual increases in expenditures that are paid for by government. Two federal initiatives, Bill C-37 and the Lalonde Report, have their roots in cost containment; Bill C-37 transfers greater taxing authority from the federal government to the provinces. To meet the goal of containing costs, provincial governments are moving in the direction of regionalization, decentralization, and greater coordination. In the short term, the provinces have limited hospital budgetary increases to percentages less than the rate of inflation. Cost constraints may be long overdue. Imposing fiscal limits encourages rational planning. It does not appear that the health of Canadians will be adversely affected or essential benefits curtailed by present budgetary restrictions or reorganization.

Adult↗