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Results for “Intention”

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PubMed1976

The value of assessing intent in attempted suicide.

Suicidal intent was assessed in a sample of 151 admissions to a general hospital for self-poisoning or self-inflicted injury. Severity of intent was associated with the act's medical seriousness and with the risk of suicide derived from a validated risk scale. Although high and low intent cases were comparable in respect of precipitating factors, patients rated high on suicidal intent were more likely to have experienced depressive symptoms in the previous month.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Intention-to-treat analysis: implications for quantitative and qualitative research.

Intention-to-treat analysis is an important aspect of randomized controlled trials of health care interventions. The concept is now widely accepted in theory, but not always implemented in practice. Failure to analyse by intention-to-treat can give misleading and indeed life-threatening interpretations. In some studies, a case is put for estimating the effect that would have been observed if all patients had received the allocated treatment. Situations where this is valid are rare, but an example is given of such an exceptional study. The relevance of the intention-to-treat concept is not always taken into account in qualitative research. Interviews with new mothers who delivered their babies at home in a hypothetical controlled trial of home versus hospital confinement would provide fascinating accounts of the pleasure of successful delivery at home. But by definition the interviews would exclude the hazard and drama of necessary transfers to hospital due to complications in late pregnancy and early labour. The intention-to-treat approach would avoid this bias.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMed1975

Classification of suicidal behaviors: I. Quantifying intent and medical lethality.

Previous studies of attempted suicide have cast doubt on the value of assessing psychological intent. By identifying a moderating variable, namely, the attempter's preconceptions about the lethality of his act, the authors were able to solve the puzzle of the low correlations between intent and lethality. Suicidal intent correlates highly with medical lethality when the attempter has sufficient knowledge to assess properly the probable outcome of his attempt. The authors conclude that suicidal intent and medical lethality are useful dimensions in classifying suicidal behavior.

Attitude to Death↗

PubMed1975

Assessment if intent--an approach to the preparation of court reports.

In a minority of persons interviewed for the purposes of a court report it will be found impossible to determine retrospectively their intention at the material time with any exactness. This in itself is an indication of an abnormal mental state when the alleged crime was committed, irrespective of how the accused may appear when interviewed later. As well as issues arising under the McNaughton Rules or Diminished Responsibility to which intention is relevant, many offences require a specific intention to be proved so that the reporting psychiatrist should enquire into the accused's intention when preparing a court report.

Consciousness↗

PubMed1975

The effects of provocation, intentions, and consequences on children's moral judgments.

Dutch boys 8 and 12 years old read brief stories about a harm doer whose intentions were either good or bad and whose actions resulted in either minor or serious injury to a victim. The harm doer had previously been either strongly provoked or not provoked by the victim. The older boys differentiated their evaluations of the harm doer's naughtiness on the basis of provocation and intentions, while the younger boys failed to differentiate their evaluations of the provoked harm doer on the basis of intentions. Both age groups strongly differentiated their judgments of the victim's naughtiness on the basis of his role as provoker, except when the victim was seriously injured by a bad-intentioned aggressor.

Aggression↗

PubMed1976

Intention myoclonus in Huntington's disease.

A patient is described with severe intention myoclonus which was made worse by treatment with L-Dopa and improved by clonazepam. Family history and examination of several siblings suggested the diagnosis of Huntington's disease. Subsequent to improvement of the myoclonus the patient appeared to have the rigid form of Huntington's disease. This case represents a unique expression for an otherwise well defined genetic abnormality. Stimulus activated myoclonus in a common feature of a number of disorders of the nervous system. Intention, or action myoclonus has been the subject of increasing interest because of its association with the syndrome of post-anoxic encephalopathy (1), although it may occur with other disorders as well. Many abnormal movements have been reported in Huntington's disease, but myoclonus is a relatively uncommon feature of this disorder and to our knowledge intention myoclonus has not been reported as a major symptom. We recently have evaluated a patient with disabling intention myoclonus and examined several members of his family who have typical Huntington's disease. We therefore report this case, a unique presentation of an otherwise well described movement disturbance.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Predicting intentions to use condoms among African-American adolescents: the theory of planned behavior as a model of HIV risk-associated behavior.

The relation of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control to intentions to use condoms was examined among 179 adolescents who completed a confidential self-administered questionnaire prior to participating in a minority youth health conference. Approximately 72% of the adolescents were African Americans. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that attitudes and subjective norms predicted intentions to use condoms and that, consistent with the theory of planned behavior, perceived behavioral control added a significant increment to the squared multiple correlation. Although adolescents' perceptions of their friends' approval of condom use was unrelated to their condom-use intentions, adolescents' behavioral beliefs about the effects of condoms on sexual enjoyment, normative beliefs regarding partners' and mothers' approval, and control beliefs regarding technical skill at using condoms were associated with such intentions. These results suggest the utility of the theory of planned behavior as a model of condom use among adolescents. Implications for HIV risk-reduction interventions are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[Studies on extracorporeal circulation with large volume hemodilution using lactate ringer's solution and low molecular weight dextran: alterations of acid-base balance associated with intentional hemodilution (author's transl)].

Twenty mongrel dogs, weighing between 7.5 and 13.0 kg were used to investigate the percentage limits permissible for hemodilution using a double-helical reservoir heart-lung machine which has a 1,100 ml of priming volume. In both 40 and 50 per cent groups of intentional hemodilution by 30 minute extracorporeal circulation, remarkable anemia was inevitable and recovery was extremely slow, especially in the 50 per cent dilution group. In both 40 and 50 per cent groups of intentional hemodilutions by 30 minute extracorporeal circulation, metabolic acidosis was observed. In 50 per cent group of intentional hemodilution, no improvement of metabolic acidosis was observed even after perfusion. When sodium bicarbonate was administered to 40 per cent hemodilution group, minimum alterations of acid-base balance and of serum electrolytes were observed during and after extracorporeal perfusion. When sodium bicarbonate was administered to 50 per cent hemodilution group, metabolic acidosis was more evident than in 40 per cent hemodilution group accompanied with an increase in serum sodium concentration and a decrease in serum chloride concentration. These data qualify the use of 40 per cent intentional hemodilution using Lactate Ringer's solution or low molecular weight dextran for 30 minute extracorporeal circulation when sodium bicarbonate is administered in adequate amounts.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1979

The origins of intentional vocalizations in prelinguistic infants.

The development of the intention to communicate was examined by attempting to identify the point at which prelinguistic vocalizations are used by infants as a means of communication. This achievement was related to the infants' cognitive development. It was hypothesized that Piagetian stage 5 in the development of causality may be a prerequisite for the intentional use of vocalizations. 46 infants (X age = 10.7 months, range: 8 months--14.3 months) and their mothers were videotaped in a structured, naturalistic setting. 2 "frustration" episodes were devised to encourage communication, and the infants' vocalizations as well as other behaviors were coded by 2 observers. 2 Piagetian tasks were selected to assess the causal developmental level of the child. A significant relationship between causal developmental level and the occurrence of intentional vocalizations was found. The results support the hypothesis that stage 5 causal development may be a prerequisite to the use of intentional vocalizations.

Cognition↗

PubMed1977

The predictive validity of reproductive intentions.

On the basis of data collected in the 1975 National Fertility Study (NFS) in which continuously married white women interviewed in the 1970 NFS were reinterviewed five years later, the aggregate and individual validity of reported fertility intentions is evaluated. The main finding about aggregate prediction is that 1970 intentions overestimated 1971-1975 fertility to the same extent as the conventional 1970 total fertility rate. The conclusion is that intentions suffer all of the same vulnerabilities as other period measures. At the individual level, the validity of intentions is considerable in comparison with most other indicators.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Migration intentions among nigerian neurosurgeons: a national survey of workforce retention.

Physician emigration from low- and middle-income countries creates critical workforce shortages. This study explored factors influencing migration intentions among Nigerian neurosurgeons and trainees. We conducted an anonymized survey of consultant neurosurgeons, fellows, and residents practicing in Nigeria. Invitations were sent by email and professional messaging platforms, and snowball sampling was used to increase participation. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on demographics, income, migration plans, and retention factors. Seventy-nine respondents participated (61.5 % consultants; 93.7 % male; median age: 44 years). Nearly all practiced general neurosurgery (97.3 %), and many also performed trauma (65.3 %) and spine (61.3 %) neurosurgery. Most (85.7 %) reported that their earnings were insufficient to support their families. Nearly 40 % were considering emigration, most often citing financial pressures (88.5 %) and poor working conditions (63.5 %) as push factors. By contrast, personal or family ties (63.0 %) and relocation costs (45.2 %) were cited as reasons to stay. Respondents identified higher salaries (58.1 %) and greater investment in the health sector (51.4 %) as key measures to improve retention. In univariable analyses, younger age, income insufficiency, income dissatisfaction, and feeling undervalued at work were associated with migration intention. Financial insecurity emerged as the dominant driver of migration intentions among Nigerian neurosurgeons. In addition to salary increases, sustained investment in healthcare infrastructure and workforce support is essential to improve retention. International partnerships may complement these efforts by building neurosurgical capacity and mitigating brain drain.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Perceived risk of infection and attitudes toward risk groups: determinants of nurses' behavioral intentions regarding AIDS patients.

The relationship of perceived occupational risk of AIDS and attitudes toward AIDS risk groups to behavioral intentions regarding the care of AIDS patients was examined among nurses (N = 496) residing in a selected area of New Jersey, a state with a relatively high number of reported AIDS cases. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses on anonymous mail survey responses revealed that, controlling for AIDS knowledge and years of education, nurses who perceived that caring for AIDS patients increased their risk of HIV infection scored higher on an index of intentions to avoid AIDS patient care. In addition, nurses who expressed more negative attitudes toward intravenous drug users or homosexuals were more likely to report similar intentions to avoid AIDS patient care. The implications of these findings for efforts to increase nurses' ability and willingness to provide quality care to persons with AIDS are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

Self-efficacy, hedonistic expectancies, and condom-use intentions among inner-city black adolescent women: a social cognitive approach to AIDS risk behavior.

The effects on condom-use intentions of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention intervention based on social cognitive theory were investigated among 19 sexually active black adolescent women recruited from an inner-city family planning clinic. The women received the social cognitive intervention designed to increase perceived self-efficacy and favorable outcome expectancies about the hedonistic consequences of using condoms or one of two control interventions: An information-alone intervention designed to increase AIDS knowledge or a general health-promotion intervention designed to provide information about important health problems other than AIDS. All interventions lasted 105 min and involved films and small-group exercises. Participants' evaluations did not differ among conditions. As hypothesized, analysis of covariance indicated that participants in the social cognitive condition reported greater intentions to use condoms than did those in the two control conditions. In addition, participants in the social cognitive condition scored higher in perceived self-efficacy and favorable hedonistic expectancies--the two hypothesized mediators of the intervention effect. Although participants who received the information-alone intervention subsequently had greater AIDS knowledge than did those in the health promotion condition, they did not express greater intentions to use condoms. These results highlight the value of a social cognitive approach to AIDS risk behavior: outcome expectancies regarding the effects of precautionary practices on sexual enjoyment and perceived self-efficacy to implement such practices play an important role in decisions about condom use.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

Induced arousal and orienting tasks as determinants of intentional recall.

In this study, the author examined the effects of intention to learn, noise, and different types of orienting tasks on short-term and long-term recall for 15 Hindi paired-associates. Intention to learn improved recall, as did encoding of semantic features, and noise impaired both short-term and long-term recall. The analysis of short-term recall scores indicated that there were no significant interactions between these factors, but the analysis of long-term recall scores indicated that there were significant interactions between noise and orienting tasks and between intentionality and orienting tasks.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Evaluation of a rapist as a function of expressed intent and remorse.

Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of expressed versus denied intent and remorse on evaluation of a rapist. In both studies, the rapist was evaluated more negatively and was assigned a longer prison sentence when expressing rather than denying intent. The rapist received more favorable evaluations when expressing rather than denying remorse. Manipulation of the rapist's expressed remorse did not significantly affect the recommended prison sentence. However, the recommended prison sentence did correlate significantly with participants' perceptions of the rapist's remorse. A multiple regression analysis indicated that recommended prison sentence could be best predicted by attributions of cause, intent, and remorse. The results were related to a growing body of research on accounting strategies, responsibility, and excuse making.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Reproductive Intentions and Fertility Preservation Among Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated reproductive intentions, fertility-related knowledge, prior fertility counseling, and factors associated with reproductive intentions among transgender and nonbinary individuals receiving care at a Brazilian public reference center. METHODS: This cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was conducted between July and November 2025 in a specialized gender-affirming care clinic in Brazil. Quantitative data included sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), and fertility-related variables. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with desire for future parenthood. Responses to a single open-ended question regarding perceived effects of GAHT on fertility were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-two participants were included (mean age 27.5 ± 7.4 years). Most identified as transgender men (65.9%), followed by transgender women (26.8%) and nonbinary individuals (7.3%); 79.3% were receiving GAHT. Although 63.4% expressed a desire for future parenthood, only 7.3% had children. Current interest in fertility preservation was reported by 20.8% (15/72). Having children (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.62; p = 0.023) and each additional year of GAHT duration (aOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70-0.99; p = 0.038) were associated with lower odds of desiring future parenthood. Sex assigned at birth was not independently associated with reproductive intentions. Qualitative analysis revealed misconceptions, uncertainty, and conditional beliefs regarding fertility. CONCLUSIONS: Desire for future parenthood was common among transgender and nonbinary individuals, whereas engagement with fertility preservation remained limited. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal, patient-centered reproductive counseling integrated into gender-affirming care.

fertility preservation↗

PubMed1992

Treatment of locoregional recurrence after intentional curative resection of pancreatic cancer.

In order to analyze the results of treatment of patients with locoregional recurrence after intentional curative resection of pancreatic cancer, a retrospective study was performed. During the period 1978-1988, 108 patients underwent an intentional curative resection fo the pancreas. In 34 patients locoregional recurrence occurred, all within a period of three years (cumulative recurrence rate 56%). Sixty-eight percent of the patients presented with upper abdominal pain, and 62% with weight loss. Survival was significantly better (p = 0.02) in the group of 18 patients without distant metastases (1-year survival 22%) than in the 16 patients with distant metastases (1-year survival 0%). Five patients without proven distant metastases were treated by resection or chemotherapy. The mean survival was 33 months (range 6-74) in the treated group, and 4 months (0.4-7 months) in the untreated group, p = 0.002. In this retrospective study the longest survival was seen after radical resection of locoregional tumor recurrence. We therefore recommend that patients with locoregional recurrence without distant metastases after intentional curative resection of pancreatic cancer be treated.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing condom-use intentions among sexually active black adolescent women.

Whether a social cognitive theory AIDS prevention intervention would increase intentions to use condoms among 109 sexually active inner-city black female adolescents was tested. Analyses revealed that the women scored higher in intentions to use condoms, AIDS knowledge, outcome expectancies regarding condom use, and self-efficacy to use condoms after the intervention than before the intervention. Although increased self-efficacy and more favorable outcome expectancies regarding the effects of condoms on sexual enjoyment and sexual partner's support for condom use were significantly related to increased condom-use intentions, increases in general AIDS knowledge and specific prevention-related beliefs were not.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗