Measuring intergenerational family relations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Affect↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Intergenerational Relations”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Intergeneric antigenic relation of Hafnia and Shigella (S. flexneri and S. boydii) bacteria].
The O-antigenic relationships between Hafnia and Shigellae (S. flexneri and S. boydii) have been studied. For the first time the presence of antigenic relationship between Hafnia O19, O4, O9, O33, O5, O16, O12, O7, O29, O28, O10, O32, O24, O25, O18, O1, O13, O3, O22, O30, O37, O14, O11, O25, O23, O21, O28, O16, O24, O8, O26, O27 and S. flexneri la, lb, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 5a, 5b, as well as between Hafnia O10, O21, O35, O36, O9, O28, O8, O30 and S. boydii 1, 3, 6, 14, 2, 5, 2, 12 have been revealed. The character and degree of manifestation of antigenic relationships between the above-mentioned groups of bacteria have been established.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Respect redefined: focus group insights from Singapore.
This article re-examines the meaning of the concept of respect within the context of a fast modernizing Asian multicultural society-Singapore. Two key findings emerge. First, the meaning of respect both from the perspective of the aged and the middle-aged generation has shifted from obedience to courteous behavior. Second, in the majority of focus groups members concurred that the degree of respect accorded to elders has in general decreased. The focus group methodology was used in this research. Bearing in mind the limited sample size (88 participants) these findings alert us to the need for social scientists to monitor perceptual shifts in meaning of concepts critical in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. The findings throw light on the subjective views of intergenerational relations within the family as well as the community. As such, they would be valuable to counselors, social workers, and family therapists.
Adult↗
Do close parent-child relations reduce the mortality risk of older parents?
This analysis examines the association between affectional solidarity in older parent-child relationships, and the parents' length of survival over a 14-year interval. It is hypothesized that close intergenerational relations have the capacity to reduce pathogenic stress among elderly parents, thereby enhancing their ability to survive. Direct and buffering effects of affectional solidarity, as expressed by 439 elderly parents, are tested using data from the U.S.C. Longitudinal Study of Generations collected between 1971 and 1985. Buffering effects are examined in the context of social decline and social loss experienced by the older parent. Hazard regression models indicate that greater intergenerational affect increases survival time among parents who experienced a loss in their social network, particularly among those who were widowed less than five years. Neither a direct effect of affection nor a buffering effect in the presence of social decline were found. It is concluded that the mortal health risks associated with the stress of being widowed can be partially offset by affectionate relations with adult children.
Adolescent↗
Influence of the sex of the transmitting grandparent in congenital myotonic dystrophy.
To analyse the influence of the sex of the transmitting grandparents on the occurrence of the congenital form of myotonic dystrophy (CDM), we have studied complete three generation pedigrees of 49 CDM cases, analysing: (1) the sex distribution in the grandparents' generation, and (2) the intergenerational amplification of the CTG repeat, measured in its absolute and relative values, between grandparents and the mothers of CDM patients and between the latter and their CDM children. The mean relative intergenerational increase in the 32 grandparent-mother pairs was significantly greater than in the 56 mother-CDM pairs (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). The mean expansion of the grandfathers (103 CTG repeats) was also significantly different from that seen in the grandmothers' group (154 CTG repeats) (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01). This excess of non-manifesting males between the CDM grandparents' generation with a smaller CTG length than the grandmothers could suggest that the premutation has to be transmitted by a male to reach the degree of instability responsible for subsequent intergenerational CTG expansions without size constraints characteristic of the CDM range.
Base Sequence↗
Tel Aviv-Heidelberg three-generation offspring study: genetic determinants of apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B.
The contribution of major gene and multifactorial effects on variation of plasma apolipoproteins A1 and B has been tested in a large sample of population-based Israeli pedigrees. Our most parsimonious and best fitting model for both apolipoproteins is consistent with Mendelian transmissibility, with significant contribution of major genes (with 2 alleles recessive and dominant within each locus) and polygenes, but neglects effects of common sib environment as well as related intergeneration differences in polygenic effects. Total genetic effects explain 71 and 58% of phenotypic variance of APO-A1 and APO-B levels. The major genes account for about 44 and 32% of the variance in APO-A1 and APO-B, respectively, and the frequency of the recessive alleles determining the high level of apolipoproteins under the study in the Israeli population is in the vicinity of 40% at each locus.
Apolipoprotein A-I↗
Aging and disability in China: cultural issues in measurement and interpretation.
Aging is no longer an issue of concern only to industrialized countries. Recent estimates project that by the year 2000 there will be 590 million people aged 60 or older worldwide. Of these 590 million approximately 61% will be living in lesser developed countries. Thus, these countries will shortly face critical decisions concerning the impact of these aging populations on state plans for economic development. China, the country with the largest anticipated number of elderly in the world, provides an instructive case of how one developing country is attempting to balance the needs of the elderly with those of the nation as a whole. In particular the rapid aging of the Chinese population has prompted official concern about the financial implications of providing health care to increasing numbers of disabled or frail elderly. This paper reports the efforts of one study to determine the extent of disability and frailty among the urban elderly and the strategies they and their family members have developed to cope with it. The research was conducted between June 1987 and January 1988 in two neighborhoods of Canton, the capital of Guangdong Province. Two hundred households, each containing at least one member 70 years of age or older, were randomly selected from household registration lists. In each household a 1-2 hr interview was conducted with the elder (or, in the case of those too disabled to participate, a proxy) on the following topics: personal background, proximity and contact with kin, household composition and organization, health and functionality, use of medical services, work history, income sources, daily activities, and attitudes regarding intergenerational relations. The paper is divided into five parts addressing the following topics: (1) China and research on aging, (2) comparative data--problematic aspects, (3) methodological issues to consider when investigating disability, (4) the findings of the study, and (5) the significance of ideological, environmental, and political factors in mediating the experience of age-associated disability in China.
Aged↗
Polysaccharide antigens of Escherichia coli.
The major surface antigens of Escherichia coli are the cell wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS; O antigens) and the capsular polysaccharides (PS; K antigens). These polysaccharides are synthesized at the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteria; the LPS are transported to the outer membrane, where they reside, whereas the PS are secreted into capsules. The LPS consist of lipid A covalently linked to the core oligosaccharide, which itself is covalently linked to the O-specific polysaccharide. The latter, which determines the O specificity of the bacteria may be neutral or contain negative charges (carboxyl groups or phosphate). The relatedness of E. coli to other genera (e.g., Klebsiella or Shigella) frequently is borne out by structural identity. This intergeneric relation is paralleled by similar pathogenic properties of the bacteria in question. The capsular antigens of E. coli are acidic polysaccharides, which can be divided into groups (I and II) on the basis of molecular size, nature of the acidic component, coexpression with O antigens, and temperature regulation of their biosynthesis. The major acidic components are hexuronic acid (mainly of Klebsiella-like group I) as well as 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctulonic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, or phosphate (mainly in Neisseria- and Haemophilus-like group II). Relatedness of encapsulated E. coli to encapsulated bacteria of other genera (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Klebsiella) is based on structural identity or similarity of the respective capsules. Identity not only refers to structure and serology of these capsules but also to the pathogenicity of the respective bacteria (e.g., E. coli K1 and Neisseria meningitidis b). Bacterial pathogenicity may be caused by the host's inability to raise an immune response to bacterial capsules (E. coli K1 and K5) because of the identity of the capsular polysaccharides and the host carbohydrates. This can be described as camouflage used by the bacteria as a strategem for bacterial virulence.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Validation of a Caregiver Strain Index.
This paper outlines the development of a Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) with a sample of spouses, family, friends, and neighbors, aged 22 to 83, who provided varying degrees of care to recently hospitalized hip surgery and heart patients aged 65 and over. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the 13-item CSI on 81 cases was .86. Evidence of construct validity was obtained in three areas: ex-patient characteristics; subjective perceptions of the care-taking relationship by caregivers; and emotional health of caregivers. These results indicate that the CSI is a brief, easily administered instrument which identified strain within our sample of informal care providers. Further development of the CSI is being undertaken for predicting specific caregiver populations at risk. This simple index might be usefully included in any interview or assessment package that examines intergenerational relations involving dependency and care.
Adult↗
Age at migration and family dependency among older Mexican immigrants: recent evidence from the Mexican American EPESE.
This study employs new data on Mexican-origin individuals aged 65 and older in the Southwestern United States to examine the impact of the age at which an individual immigrated to the United States on his or her sources of income and living arrangements. The data reveal that, in general, those who immigrated after the age of 50 are more dependent on their families than the native born or those who immigrated earlier in life. Although our findings must be interpreted cautiously because of small cell sizes, those who immigrated later in life are found to be less likely than the native born or those who immigrated earlier to have private pensions and Social Security income. They are also more likely to be living with their children and to be receiving money from them. We discuss the implications of recent restrictions on the eligibility of even legal immigrants for Supplemental Security Income on intergenerational relations and on the potential burden placed on the older immigrant's family, many of which may be seriously strained in hard economic times.
Aged↗
[The elderly in traffic--future aspects].
In 1976 and 1982 two surveys about traffic and public transportation in the Federal Republic of Germany were undertaken. Four aspects which are meaningful for gerontological research are presented, i.e. possession of a driving license, ownership of a car, availability of a car in the own household and preferred transportation. The data are given for different age groups. These four aspects can be regarded as indicators for motor mobility. Far more people in younger age groups are in possession of a driving license than in older age groups. The same can be shown for the ownership and availability of a car. Compared with the 1976 data only few elderly people in 1982 had stopped using a car. So we can expect that German elderly people of the future will possess a driving license and drive a car in far greater numbers than elderly people today. The better possibilities of motor mobility will have consequences about traffic planning and psychological research about accidents, services for the elderly, and intergenerational relations.
Accidents, Traffic↗
[Education in the 2d half of life--counteraction to social and cultural deprivation in the elderly?].
During recent years universities have increasingly attracted men and women of middle age and old age. On the basis on a sample of appr. 350 fully enrolled students age 45 and over, drawn from the official 1980 students' census in Lower Saxony, we describe the group of older students in terms of age, sex, education, and social status, in order to compare their characteristical structure to the normal students. We, furthermore, formulate hypotheses on their attitudes toward learning in later years, their motives to choose the university, and their personal as well as social aspirations. Obvious are their need to orientate themselves in a critical life situation, and their need to actualize knowledge and skills in order to minimize the adverse effects of social segregation. We perceive the middle aged and older persons' return to university studies as a paradigm both for an individual's active reaction toward prescribed social obsolescence, and as a valuable attempt to reestablish intergenerational relations.
Adult↗
[Demography of aging in Spain].
In this article, the demography of the elderly in Spain is scrutinized. The older population from 1960 to 1991 and their presumed development for the period from 2001-2020 is analyzed. According to these data, we attempt to determine the influence on life situation of older people according to several factors, such as changes of family structures and intergenerational relations as well as changes in social stereotypes, expected political and economical developments, and new concepts in medical care. In closing, we raise questions about the necessary future living structures in Spain.
Aged↗
Sex-related difference in intergenerational expansion of myotonic dystrophy gene.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Memories of parental favoritism and the quality of parent-child ties in adulthood.
In order to better understand which factors contribute to variations in the quality of adult child-parent bonds, this study considered parental unfairness in the treatment of offspring during childhood. Using social exchange, self-esteem maintenance, and socialization models to predict different outcomes, memories of least favored status (LFS) were examined in relation to affectional intergenerational solidarity. A secondary analysis of a Swedish data set was conducted. Parent-child dyads were studied within three-generational lineages consisting of a grandmother (G1), her adult child (G2), and the grandchild (G3). Comparing parents and children, ratings of LFS were more predictive of the quality of the bond for children. Comparing generations of parents, LFS memories were more predictive for G2 than for G1. Comparing generations of children, there were no differences. The uniqueness of older parents in family research is considered, and an agenda for future research is suggested.
Adult↗
Proceedings: Enterobacterial iron-chelators: Their detection, interspecific and intergeneric activity, and relation to pathogenicity.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Enterobacteriaceae↗
Intergenerational transmission of relative fertility and life course patterns.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Family↗
Is intergenerational solidarity a unidimensional construct? A second test of a formal model.
Results from a second empirical test of a theory of intergenerational family relations, as an example of empirically driven theory construction in social gerontology, are presented. The theory we tested reflects an attempt to explain later-life patterns of affection, association, and consensus between parents and children as interdependent components of a meta-construct--family intergenerational solidarity. The theoretical model also identifies variables that are expected to predict variations in levels of solidarity. A recent empirical test (Atkinson, Kivett, and Campbell, 1986) offered little support for the central proposition of the model: that solidarity can be indexed by a linear-additive composite of affection, association, and consensus. The replication analysis reported here is based on a different sample, as well as alternate measures and statistical methods. The convergent results suggest that (a) later-life intergenerational solidarity is not a unidimensional construct, and (b) different variables predict each component. This exercise of theory statement, testing, and retesting leads us to suggest several refinements to the theory acknowledging a more complex relationship between dimensions of intergenerational relations in old age.
Adult↗