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PubMed1982

Extraversion and inhibition: a slow-potential study.

This report presents data showing that extroverts (Eysenck Personality Inventory) develop larger positive vertex slow potentials than introverts under extinction conditions ("no go" instruction in a fixed foreperiod reaction time task). The effect was clearer in subjects with low neuroticism (N) scores than in those with a middle N level. Since independent evidence indicates that cortical positivity is associated with inhibitory phenomena, results are interpreted as lending support to the notion that extroverts may develop more inhibitory potential than introverts under certain conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The Myers-Briggs type indicator--a management tool.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator can be an enlightening experience for managers as it uncovers blind spots as well as provides insight into managerial styles. This tool offers a way to build communication patterns that meet nurse managers' needs and the needs of the people they supervise.

Extraversion, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

The effects of EMG feedback training on state anxiety in introverts and extraverts.

The effect of EMG feedback on state anxiety was investigated in anxious introverts and extraverts. Although both groups learned to relax their muscles adequately, only the introverts reported a significant decrement in anxiety. Some extraverts reacted adversely to the technique, which suggests that other methods to inhibit anxiety may be necessary for this group.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1990

A topographic study of differences in the P300 between introverts and extraverts.

This paper presents results of a study to establish a link between neurocognitive psychophysiological and psychological type data through the investigation of differences in topographic auditory event-related potential (AERP) (P300) patterns in strongly introverted (n = 17) and strongly extraverted ( = 16) high school males as identified by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. Group data files were created for the auditory event related potential task and converted to ASCII form. Amplitude values were evaluated at each scalp site. Kruskal Wallis one way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate group differences. In processing of infrequent, target stimuli, the amplitude of the P300 waveform for introverts was higher than for extraverts. When processing for non-target stimuli was subtracted from target stimuli, statistical differences were found over nine central, parietal, and occipital sites. The findings support and extend theories of biologically-based and bio-psycho-social typology.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

The effects of a depressant and a stimulant drug on the contingent negative variation.

Three groups, each comprising eight subjects, were twice tested with an interval of one week: one group receiving 10 and 20 mg chlordiazepoxide, another group receiving 150 and 300 mg caffeine and a control group receiving placebo and 'no-drug' treatment. During each session the CNV was determined five times: one pre-drug and four post-drug measurements, each divided in a condition with and one without 'white noise'. Based on Eysenck's theory it was predicted that the CNV would increase after administering chlordiazepoxide and would decrease after administering caffeine. Furthermore it was expected that 'white noise' would attenuate the CNV of introverts and would enhance the CNV of extraverts. The first hypothesis was significantly verified comparing the chlordiazepoxide group with the caffeine group. However, making comparisons within groups, only the decrease between the measurement before taking caffeine and the first one after administering was significant. The second hypothesis could be supported for introverts only.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Extraversion and the EEG: I. An evaluation of Gale's hypothesis.

The hypothesis of A. Gale that extraverts differ from introverts in EEG defined arousal only under moderately arousing conditions is examined. It is argued that the hypothesis is not entirely internally consistent and lacks empirical support. A re-analysis of the literature on which it was based points to problems in the measurement of extraversion as a more significant source of confounding than variation in conditions of testing.

Arousal↗