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PubMed1979

[Keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by denervation of lacrimal gland (author's transl)].

An irreversible, unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in a healthy 16-year-old female patient due to traumatic denervation of the lacrimal gland after oto-basal skull fracture with reversible complete peripheral facial paralysis, the corneal sensitivity remaining normal. This observation and other reports on keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by isolated lacrimal gland insufficiency indicate the physiological importance of the main lacrimal gland as indispensable part of the secretory tear system.

Child↗

PubMed1979

[Experience in therapy and prophylaxis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (author's transl)].

101 patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were treated with different eye drops: cortisone, antibiotics and P.V.P.-Iodine. The treatment of 19 patients with P.V.P.-Iodine showed that inflammatory symptoms disappeared rapidly; corneal complications however such as superficial keratitis could not be prevented. After the outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, severe hygienic measures had been taken at the eye-clinic. On account of the hygienic prophylactic measures further infections could be prevented at the clinic almost completely.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1978

Tear-deficient keratoconjunctivitis. Clinical diagnosis of a common eye problem.

A chronic keratoconjunctivitis that is common under dry climatic conditions is described. A characteristic biomicroscopical appearance of the eye was found in 29 healthy patients with red, uncomfortable eyes and abnormal tear function. A diagnosis of tear-deficient keratoconjunctivitis can be made on the basis of these findings and treated effectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis II. Antibodies in lacrimal secretions of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Moraxella bovis.

Preinfection, acute and convalescent phase lacrimal secretions from 20 cattle that had mild to severe keratoconjunctivitis (associated with natural or experimental Moraxella bovis infection) were tested for specific antibody to M. bovis as well as for immunoglobulins, particulary of the A class. The convalescent phase secretions from all four natural cases but from only seven of the 16 experimental cases contained increased amounts of immunoglobulins, predominantly of the A class. Only the secretions from cattle having severe keratoconjunctivitis contained precipitins specific for Moraxella bovis.Therefore, M. bovis specifically stimulates the appearance in tears of immunoglobulins that are important in the age associated, acquired resistance to reinfection with M. bovis.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: vaccination with whole cell bacterins of Moraxella bovis mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant.

Our studies on vaccination against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were extended to include the use of adjuvant bacterins. Seventeen calves were given 2 doses of killed Moraxella bovis mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant; 15 calves were given 2 doses of whole cell bacterin without adjuvant. Four weeks later, all vaccinated and non-vaccinated (control) calves were challenge exposed by the conjunctival administration of virulent M bovis. The incorporation of Freund's incomplete adjuvant did not enhance the immunogenicity of M bovis bacterin for protection of calves against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Results indicated that the use of Freund's incomplete adjuvant does not compensate for a reduction in the number of doses which are required for protective vaccination of cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Is the lacrimal gland dispensable? Keratoconjunctivitis sicca after lacrimal gland removal.

A persistent, unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed immediately after palpebral dacryoadenectomy in a healthy 43-year-old woman with normal eyes and tear function before the operation. The unoperated on fellow eye remained normal during a ten-year period. Eight similar cases are collected from the literature. On the basis of the presented cases, we believe that the main lacrimal gland is an indispensable element of the tear system, and the accessory lacrimal glands are unable normally to prevent tear insufficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Swimmer's goggles for keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Swim goggles with a moist chamber effect have been used successfully in seven patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca unresponsive to the conventional means of therapy including artificial tears, mucolytics, and occlusion of the puncta. The longest follow-up is three years, the shortest six months. There have been no complications, and in all cases the patients have been subjectively and objectively improved.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Cromolyn effects on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children.

A double-masked, coded trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the topical administration of 2% cromolyn sodium eye drops on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in 14 children. One eye of each patient was treated for one year with cromoly, the other eye with placebo. Cromolyn reduced the characteristic vernal keratitis, vernal corneal ulcers and plaques, and limbal edema and infiltrates but did not affect the number or size of the giant papillae. The drug's long-term topical use did not have any adverse side effects.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1978

Sterile corneal ulcers after cataract surgery in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Mild keratoconjunctivitis sicca can become dramatically worse after cataract extraction and result in corneal thinning and perforation. Anticipation of this problem can prevent it, but lack of recognition may result in permanent central scarring from ulceration, which responds slowly to treatment.

Bandages↗

PubMed1978

Osmolarity of tear microvolumes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Determinations of tear film osmolarity were performed to evaluate their usefulness in diagnosing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to evaluate the possible role of elevated tear osmolarity in this disorder's pathogenesis. Tear samples were obtained using a new technique that virtually eliminates the problems of reflex tearing and sample evaporation. The tear osmolarity of 36 samples obtained from 31 normals eyes averaged 302 +/- 6.3 (SD) mOsm/liter; 38 samples obtained from 30 KCS eyes averaged 343 +/- 32.3 (SD) mOsm/liter. The sensitivity of a single measurement was 94.7% and the specificity was 93.7%. Tear samples taken on separate occasions from one normal subject ranged between 295 and 309 mOsm/liter; those obtained from a KCS patient ranged between 312 and 424 mOsm/liter. Hypersmolarity of the tear film in KCS may play an important role in inducing the disease seen in the cornea and conjunctiva.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Corneal histology after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Two years after typical signs and symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis developed in a 67-year-old woman, in whom locally effective steroids were not used for treatment, a lamellar graft was transplanted because of marked visual disturbances that were due to corneal opacities. Histopathology of the cornea revealed notable changes in the superficial stroma, including Bowman's membrane, with some lymphocytic infiltration of the stroma and the overlying epithelium. Electron microscopy showed no virus-like particles.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Tear osmolarity and ocular surface disease in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Tear osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining were studied in a group of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) before and after treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic saline to compare treatment with these two solutions and to ascertain whether tear film osmolarity could be correlated with ocular surface disease. When 20 KCS eyes were treated with isotonic saline drops every three hours for one week, the average (+/-SD) tear osmolarity decreased from 365 +/- 77 mOsm/L to 329 +/- 47 mOsm/L, and the average (+/-SD) Rose Bengal staining score decreased from 4.1 +/- 3.1 to 3.6 +/- 3.3. There was no objective difference between treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic solutions, in a double-masked comparison, however, four of five patients with diagnostically significant Rose Bengal staining preferred the half isotonic solution. There was a significant positive correlation between tear film osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

Epidemic hemorrhagic keratoconjunctivitis.

A new type of acute keratoconjunctivitis developed throughout Southeast Asia, beginning in Singapore in the summer of 1970. It was highly contagious and probably was transmitted from person to person by the hand to eye route. Sixteen cases, diagnosed by viral isolation or serologic study, or both, were subjected to detailed clinical observation. The characteristic features included a short incubation period of one or two days, watery or serous discharge, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and pinpoint superficial keratopathy. The disease usually resolved rapidly within one to two weeks without sequelae.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Conjuctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases.

Nineteen patients with a variety of well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases were examined for ocular abnormalities. Eight patients with low levels, or absence, of all the major serum immunoglobulins had conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis associated with bacterial infection. The remaining 11 patients, who had at least one immunoglobulin class present in normal concentration in the serum, showed no inflammatory ocular lesion. Absence of only IgA, the major tear immunoglobulin, did not predispose the eye to these lesions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Gentian violet keratoconjunctivitis.

A case of bilateral keratoconjunctivitis caused by self-instillation of a 1% aqueous solution of gentian violet was complicated by a secondary uveitis and gram-negative conjunctivitis. The patient was treated with cycloplegics and specific antibiotics and after resolution of the bacterial infection, a mild topical corticosteroid was used. After six months the patient had completely recovered from the keratitis, but bilateral corneal vascularization, had unilateral posterior synechiae, corneal scarring, and cataract formation were present. Cationic dyes such as gentian violet appear to be toxic to the ocular surfaces and tend to produce severe intraocular inflammation.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1979

Chronic keratoconjunctivitis associated with ocular adenovirus infection.

Adenovirus (types 3, 4, 5) was implicated as the etiologic agent in three cases of persistent keratoconjunctivitis. In two, virus was isolated 25 and 29 months after the onset of symptoms; the third patient has suffered intermittent flares of kerato-conjunctivitis since the initial isolation of virus 13 weeks after the onset of the disease. Such patients may represent a previously unsuspected source of adenovirus in the population. All were given corticosteroids topically. This treatment may have prolonged the adenoviral disease.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1978

Conjunctival resection treatment and ultrastructural histopathology of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

Four patients with symptomatic superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis underwent resection of the superior bulbar conjunctiva. One of these patients also underwent a tarsal conjunctival resection in the other eye. Three of the patients had previously been treated by various regimens without resolution; the fourth had had no prior treatment. All four patients had immediate and continued relief of the ocular symptoms after the superior bulbar conjunctiva was excised. The patient who underwent tarsal conjunctival resection experienced only short-term relief. We studied the conjunctival tissue by light and transmission electron microscopy. Both techniques revealed abnormalities related to the bulbar conjunctival surface with keratinization of the epithelium, acanthosis, degeneration of the nuclei, and intracellular accumulation of glycogen. Inflammatory cells were minimally present. The tarsal conjunctiva appeared essentially normal.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Punctal occlusion in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Occlusion of the lacrimal puncta is a useful and underutilized procedure in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. When artificial tears no longer ameliorate symptoms and the Schirmer tests are 2 mm/5 min or less (repeatedly), combined with positive rose bengal staining, punctal occlusion is indicated. Diathermy is the most practical technique for permanent closure, whereas various punctum plugs can be applied for a temporary effect.

Electrocoagulation↗