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The Internet: will this highway serve the digital library?

The future of the biomedical enterprise and the biomedical libraries that serve it is tied closely to digital information. The changing nature of this type of information will create new pressures on libraries, particularly in health care organizations. Libraries must learn to deal with these pressures. Currently, libraries depend on the Internet primarily for connections to resources and other libraries; thus enhancements to the Internet will impact the libraries of the present and future significantly. This paper provides an overview of the technical capabilities that will be available in the near to midterm, what libraries will be able to do with those capabilities, and how libraries can position themselves to take advantage of the impending changes.

Computer Communication Networks

Surveying knowledge and skills in the health sciences: results and implications.

The MLA Knowledge and Skills Task Force was appointed in May 1989. The task force decided to survey a sample of the membership to define the knowledge and skills required for competent professional performance and to enable MLA to establish educational policies which would ensure acquisition and maintenance of the necessary knowledge and skills throughout a professional career. This report presents the initial findings of the survey, upon which MLA's educational policy statement, Platform for Change, is based.

Curriculum

Impact of information technology on the role of health sciences librarians.

Information technology is transforming the nature of health sciences information and its management, thereby altering the traditional responsibilities of health sciences librarians. As a result, the traditional educational preparation for librarianship is no longer entirely relevant, and there is a real possibility that information management will be taken over by individuals with different educational backgrounds and skills. This paper explores four topics relevant to this issue: the emergence of new forms of health sciences information, the impact of technology on the practice of health sciences librarianship, the interaction of technology and the practice of health sciences librarianship, and the relationship among these three topics and the educational preparation of health sciences librarians.

Curriculum

The health information environment: a view of organizational and professional needs and priorities.

Inspired by Platform for Change: The Educational Policy Statement of the Medical Library Association, this paper discusses the institutional changes, new delivery modes and services, learning and development, leadership, and strategies needed for health sciences librarians to prosper in the changing medical information environment. To fulfill their potential, librarians must articulate and act upon a vision that involves them more fully in the work of faculty, researchers, and medical practitioners.

Curriculum

Charting a path for health sciences librarians in an integrated information environment.

Changes in the health information environment present a major challenge to health sciences librarians. To successfully meet this challenge, librarians must apply the concepts of informal, self-directed, lifelong learning to their own carers. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations is creating an integrated information environment in health care organizations. The health sciences librarian brings unique knowledge and skills to this environment. The reference technique, a methodology that closely parallels other problem-solving approaches such as the physician's diagnostic technique, equips librarians with the conceptual skills to develop creative solutions to information management problems. Each health sciences librarian must assume responsibility for extending professional skills and abilities and demonstrating them in the workplace.

Curriculum

The Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library: resource for nurse administrators.

This article describes the major knowledge resource of the Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library, The Registry of Nursing. The first part of this article examines informatics issues and is accompanied by examples of retrieval from a typical bibliographic database and a retrieval from the Registry of Nursing Research using case mix, both as a subject heading and as a research variable. The second part of the article examines the interaction of informatics and technology used in the Registry and presents some other Library resources.

Humans

The development and application of automated gridding for efficient screening of yeast and bacterial ordered libraries.

An automated gridding procedure for the inoculation of yeast and bacterial clones in high-density arrays has been developed. A 96-pin inoculating tool compatible with the standard microtiter plate format and an eight-position tablet have been designed to fit the Biomek 1000 programmable robotic workstation (Beckman Instruments). The system is used to inoculate six copies of 80 x 120-mm filters representing a total of approximately 20,000 individual clones in approximately 3 h. High-density arrays of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and cosmid clones have been used for rapid large-scale hybridization screens of ordered libraries. In addition, an improved PCR library screening strategy has been developed using strips cut from the high-density arrays to prepare row and column DNA pools for PCR analysis. This strategy eliminates the final hybridization step and allows identification of a single clone by PCR in 2 days. The development of automated gridding technology will have a significant impact on the establishment of fully versatile screening of ordered library resources for genomic studies.

Animals

Automation of film library functions.

The use of computer routines in the film library has resulted in tremendous improvements in the prompt interpretation of radiologic studies with comparison studies and in the furnishing of radiologic studies on demand to referring physicians. The four most important aspects of this automation are the simultaneous immediate availability of patient information upon inquiry at a terminal; maximum advance notification of the need for a new folder or a master folder on a returning patient; master folder, subfolder, and examination folder tracking; and the management of extradepartmental loans.

Computers

Automating Veterans Administration libraries: II. Implementation at the Kansas City Medical Center Library.

In 1985, the Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center began implementation of the Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP). An integrated library system, a subset of that program, was started by the medical library for acquisitions and an outline catalog. To test the system, staff of the Neurology Service were trained to use the outline catalog and electronic mail to request interlibrary loans and literature searches. In implementing the project with the Neurology Service, the library is paving the way for many types of electronic access and interaction with the library.

Catalogs, Library

Developing a health information infrastructure for Arizona.

Network connectivity is critical in Arizona, where travel distances are great, academic programs dispersed, and health care practitioners often geographically isolated. Accordingly, the University of Arizona (UA) applied for $50,000.00 in National Library of Medicine/National Science Foundation (NLM/NSF) Connections Program funding to promote statewide collaboration in supporting UA's health sciences education and research programs by expanding network connectivity to hospitals and other health-related institutions. The proposal outlined three strategies: Each major nonuniversity teaching hospital would secure and maintain a leased communications line dedicated to network connectivity, and NSF funds would be used to buy some necessary hardward. NSF funds would be used to establish a modern bank for dial-up Internet access by rural practitioners and teaching sites. Co-principal investigators of the project would promote and support the use of this new statewide connectivity and foster its continued expansion. The proposal was based on a conservative philosophy: familiar technologies and, where possible, existing networks and equipment would be used. The proposal was approved, and NSF funds hastened creation of an expanded health information network in Arizona. Once that network was in place, participants moved quickly from managing the mechanics of connectivity to planning for a computing and communications platform with services. Private funds were obtained to help organize the Arizona Health Information Network to direct these expanded services.

Arizona

The controversy over change.

The full impact of twentieth century technology upon medical libraries was first felt in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the introduction of electronic automation into library methodology. During those years, often the aura of technology for the sake of technology prevailed, and medical librarians did little to inform themselves of capabilities, potentialities, and limitations in relation to cost-effective library usage of automation. Likewise, currently microforms and audiovisuals are frequently acquired for their own sake instead of for their capacity to transmit messages in the most effective and comprehensive way possible. Controversy has raged and still rages over the pros and cons of applying modern technology to library procedures and over the coexistence of the printed page with electronic media. New systems and methodologies, machine or manual, must realistically be evaluated in terms of increased service output by the library to its clientele. Regardless of technological sophistication, any machine that does not significantly contribute to that specific aim has no place in a library. The tradition of the medical librarian has always been to collect, organize, store, and disseminate information in the most efficient manner that the media of the times have had to offer.

Audiovisual Aids