PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Local anaesthesia”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Single-injection peribulbar local anaesthesia--a study of fifty consecutive cases.

Peribulbar anaesthesia is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to retrobulbar anaesthesia for local anaesthesia in intraocular surgery. The results of 50 consecutive single-injection peribulbar anaesthetics performed by the same surgeon are reported. A description of the procedure is included. The technique produced adequate conditions for surgery in all cases. Only 4% (two cases) were considered to have inadequate akinesia five minutes after the injection and required additional injections. None of the complications described with retrobulbar and other forms of peribulbar anaesthesia were observed. The procedure is relatively easy to master. It can be performed by surgeons or anaesthetists and can be used in the in-patient or day surgery setting. The study shows it to be a safe and reliable alternative to previously described methods of local anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2003

Sacrococcygeal local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia for pilonidal sinus surgery: a prospective randomised trial.

Sixty patients scheduled for pilonidal sinus surgery were prospectively randomly assigned to receive general anaesthesia or sacrococcygeal local anaesthesia with a newly-described technique. Patients in the general anaesthesia group spent more time in the operating theatre and recovery room than did those in the local anaesthesia group (p < 0.05). Two thirds (67%) of the patients in the local anaesthesia group left hospital on the day of surgery compared to only 17% of patients in the general anaesthesia group (p < 0.05). Visual analogue scale pain scores performed during the 3-day follow-up period favoured the local anaesthetic technique (p < 0.05). Postoperative analgesia requirements were greater in the general anaesthesia group than in the local anaesthesia group (p < 0.05). The majority of patients and surgeons expressed satisfaction with local anaesthesia. Sacrococcygeal local anaesthesia appears to be a successful alternative to general anaesthesia for pilonidal sinus surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Low spinal anaesthesia combined with local anaesthesia for caesarean section--an evaluation.

A combination of low spinal anaesthesia using hyperbaric cinchocaine (Nupercaine; Ciba) 0,25% and local anaesthetic abdominal wall infiltration for caesarean section was evaluated for use in peripheral hospitals in the developing world. The technique described is not suitable for this purpose. Further research into this technique is desirable, and recommendations regarding an improved protocol are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Methods for X-ray microanalysis of epidermis: the effect of local anaesthesia.

The effect of local anaesthesia on the elemental content of cells in human epidermis was studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Local anaesthesia with lidocaine was given by intracutaneous injection within 1 min prior to taking a skin biopsy. Biopsies taken without local anaesthesia were used as controls. Lidocaine with or without adrenaline caused a significant increase in the concentrations of Na and Cl, and a decrease in the concentration of K in the cells of the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum, compared with the control samples. The presence of adrenalin in the anaesthetic did not change the effect of lidocaine. The effects of local anaesthesia have to be considered in planning and interpretation of clinical applications of X-ray microanalysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Anaesthesia for elective inguinal hernia repair in rural Ghana - appeal for local anaesthesia in resource-poor countries.

Local anaesthesia has been identified as the most favourable anaesthesia for elective inguinal hernia repair with respect to complication rate, cost-effectiveness, and overall patient satisfaction. Operation theatre notes in all seven hospitals in the Northern Region in Ghana over the period of 1 year were reviewed. Only 22.4% out of 1038 repairs were performed under local anaesthesia while predominantly spinal and general anaesthesia were used (48.0 and 29.6%, respectively). African surgeons chose local anaesthesia far less frequently than visiting overseas surgeons (15.6 versus 27.7%, respectively). All surgeons in resource-poor countries should be encouraged to use local anaesthesia more frequently for elective inguinal hernia repair. Valuable resources in sub-Saharan African hospitals could be saved, especially if used in combination with outpatient surgery. The technique should be taught in teaching institutions. A simple step-by-step technique is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Local anaesthesia of the skin.

Local anaesthesia of intact skin is of growing importance given the increased use of minor surgical procedures on an out-patient basis. Specific pain receptors (nociceptors) are responsible for sensing cutaneous pain. Mechanisms of pain perception and the role of local anaesthetics in reversibly blocking nociception are considered. Effective routes of administration are dermal infiltration or, more recently, anaesthesia by topical application of specifically formulated preparations which promote percutaneous absorption of the drug (percutaneous local anaesthesia). Although many other topical anaesthetic products are also available these do not permit the anaesthetic to reach the nociceptors underlying the stratum corneum and are therefore only suitable for mucosal anaesthesia or for application to damaged skin. The chemical characteristics of local anaesthesia drugs are identified. Those agents suitable for cutaneous anaesthesia are reviewed with respect to potency, onset and duration of anaesthesia and possible systemic or local adverse reactions.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1989

Cardiovascular response during cerebral angiography under general and local anaesthesia.

Nineteen patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage who had cerebral angiography with the new contrast medium iohexol, were randomly allocated to receive either local anaesthesia plus sedation, or general anaesthesia. Arterial blood pressure, PaO2, PaCO2 and patient acceptability were examined. Significant fluctuations in arterial blood pressure occurred in the patients who received general anaesthesia. Local anaesthesia was associated with a stable blood blood pressure, adequate spontaneous ventilation and good patient acceptability. The quality of films obtained was examined and found to be of good or very good diagnostic quality in all cases in both groups of patients. Greater use of local anaesthesia with sedation for angiography is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnostic laparoscopy under local anaesthesia].

Laparoscopy under local anaesthesia (LULA) is a safe, feasible and well-tolerated procedure. LULA has been successfully used for such outpatient gynaecological procedures as diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain and sterilisation. Single studies have indicated that LULA can be performed for diagnosis of possible intra-abdominal catastrophe in ICU patients, appendectomy and preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. LULA in abdominal surgery for diagnosis of conditions presenting with acute lower abdominal pain is being introduced at our institution. This paper describes the possible applications of LULA in current practice as well as the technical aspects of the procedure.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1996

Local anaesthesia.

This article is concerned with the care a patient requires whilst receiving a local anaesthetic. The significance of the administration of a local anaesthetic should never be underestimated by the theatre nurse and he or she must have an understanding of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics involved to provide effective care. Local anaesthesia is differentiated from regional anaesthesia as local anaesthesia affects a very specific part of the body whereas regional anaesthesia affects a much larger area of the body. This article will focus on local anaesthesia. Local anaesthetic agents cause a temporary loss of sensation due to inhibition of nerve endings in a specific part of the body. Clearly such agents are a very useful method of analgesia which can be used as a 'stand-alone' approach or as an adjunct to other methods of analgesia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1998

Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound.

OBJECTIVE: To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds. DESIGN: A physiological study with controls. PROCEDURE: There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning. RESULTS: Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1996

Patient acceptability of transurethral incision of the prostate under local anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the acceptance by patients of transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) under local anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 30 consecutive patients who elected to undergo local anaesthesia for TUIP and were treated between December 1994 and September 1995. Twenty-two were considered a high risk for general anaesthesia and eight patients chose local anaesthesia for personal reasons. Patients were premedicated (opioid and benzodiazepine) and 1% lidocaine was infiltrated transurethrally using an endoscopic needle. The level of acceptance was determined using an immediate post-operative questionnaire which included a linear visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate pain. RESULTS: No patient required conversion to another type of anaesthesia and there were no complications related to the local anaesthesia. The mean (SE) VAS score was 3.2 (1.7) and the questionnaire results showed that 83% of the patients did not consider that general anaesthesia was necessary for the operation and that 90% would agree to undergo the procedure again under local anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: TUIP under local anaesthesia was well tolerated in motivated patients. We recommend it as the operation of choice for the relief of obstruction in high-risk patients with a small benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Necessity into choice. An appraisal of inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anaesthesia.

A policy of using local anaesthesia whenever possible for the repair of inguinal hernias was adopted in Seychelles primarily because a constant supply of anaesthetic gases could not be depended upon. The technique adopted is described and the results obtained over an 18-month period are reported. Experience has shown that local anaesthesia for this operation has many advantages and few disadvantages and is now preferred to general anaesthesia except when contraindicated by special circumstances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Value of sedative premedication in female sterilization via minilaparotomy: a prospective study of two local anaesthesia regimen.

A prospective study of two local anaesthesia regimen for female sterilization is presented. A total of 1,077 female clients were sterilized via minilaparotomy under local anaesthesia (ML/LA) as outpatients. The clients underwent pre-operative screening and received pre-operative and continuing counselling. The first 257 of these clients were sedated with an intramuscular injection of pethidine after atropine premedication (pre-sedated group). The other clients (non-sedated group) were premedicated with atropine alone, without sedation. For the pre-sedated group, the mean volume of one percent lignocaine used was 18.3 (S.D. 2.2) ml, the mean length of surgical incision was 2.8 (S.D. 0.5) cm, and the mean duration of surgical was 15.8 (S.D. 5.3) minutes; 8.2% of these clients reported that they felt much pain. In comparison, 7.7% of the non-sedated group clients reported much pain following a mean of 17.7 ml of one percent lignocaine (S.D. 2.7) through an incision of mean length 2.5 (S.D. 0.5) cm for surgery lasting a mean of 14.5 (S.D. 4.5) minutes. Clients who were pre-medicated with pethidine were more likely to have multiple post-operative complaints, especially dizziness, faintness, headache, nausea and vomiting. This study found no significant difference in the clinical performance of female sterilization by minilaparotomy, duration of operation, length of incision, amount of local anaesthesia required or perception of pain between clients who were premedicated with intramuscular pethidine and those who were not.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local anaesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery: an audit of patient and surgical experience.

PURPOSE: Local anaesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery is little used as these procedures are deemed to be too long and uncomfortable for patients to tolerate. In this unit anterior intraconal local anaesthesia is used for most routine surgery. We undertook an audit to ensure that surgical standards and patient acceptability were not compromised. METHODS: A prospective observational audit was performed. Audit data included: Grade of anaesthetist and surgeon; details of anaesthetic and operation; compliance of patient; operating conditions and pain scores. Anaesthesia was provided with a combined peribulbar and intraconal anaesthetic, using bicarbonate buffered lignocaine and bupivacaine 50:50 mixture. RESULTS: 135 (76%) had local anaesthesia alone, 13 (7%) had local anaesthesia with sedation and 29 (16%) had general anaesthesia. 96.4% of patients were compliant and 98.8% of operating conditions were good or excellent. The mean perioperative pain score was 0.1 (range of 0-1), 97% said they would choose local anaesthesia again. CONCLUSIONS: LA for vitreoretinal surgery is a useful and flexible method of anaesthesia, which has been shown to have excellent patient tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A survey of local anaesthesia use in cataract surgery in Australia.

A survey of the use of local anaesthesia in cataract surgery by ophthalmologists in Australia is presented. The main conclusions drawn from the survey were: 1. A marked trend towards the use of local anaesthesia in cataract surgery during the years 1983-88 throughout Australia. A less marked trend in country areas and in Western Australia. 2. The use of local anaesthesia did not correlate with the number of cataract operations performed by an ophthalmologist. 3. Day case cataract surgery was more often performed under local anaesthesia in private than in public hospitals. 4. Throughout Australia retrobulbar local anaesthesia was preferred to the peribulbar technique. 5. The most commonly used local anaesthetic mixture was 2% lignocaine and 0.5% marcaine with or without adrenaline and/or hyalase.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1998

Subpectoral implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator under local anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient acceptability of submuscular implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) under local anaesthesia with conscious sedation. DESIGN: Retrospective review. Patient acceptability in the second half of the study was routinely assessed within 24 hours. SETTING: Regional cardiac centre. PATIENTS: 45 consecutive patients with either aborted sudden death or haemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia were referred for ICD implantation. INTERVENTIONS: A subpectoral implantation technique was employed. Twelve procedures were performed under general anaesthesia. Thirty three patients were sedated with midazolam and diamorphine, and local anaesthesia was achieved with bupivicaine. Ventricular fibrillation for defibrillation threshold testing was induced by alternating current, T wave shock, or ultrarapid burst pacing. Patients were contacted after the procedure to assess acceptability. RESULTS: 32 patients having implantation under local anaesthesia did not recall the surgical procedure. One patient described an awareness of "pushing" as the generator was positioned in the pocket. Seven patients said that the procedure was painless but recalled a test shock, four describing it as mildly uncomfortable. All 33 patients stated that they would be willing to have a second implant under local anaesthesia. Twelve patients who had the implant performed under general anaesthesia had no recollection of the procedure. Mean (SD) total procedure duration was significantly longer in those who had general anaesthesia (93 (16) v 67 (17) minutes; p = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: Subpectoral implantation of ICDs may be performed safely with patient acceptability under local anaesthesia with conscious sedation.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2002

[Ultrasound in local anaesthesia. Part I: technical developments and background].

The localisation of the nerve to be blocked is one of the special challenges in local anaesthesia. Since the first time local anaesthesia procedures were carried out approximately 100 years ago, the basic limitations of this method have always been the unsatisfactory success rate and the specific risks involved. Even by variation of the access route to the various nerves and use of different identification methods, no ideal blockade technique has been found which allows a 100% success rate and at the same time reduces the risks to a minimum. The clinical introduction of various aids, such as nerve stimulation or Doppler sonography, have brought no statistically significant advantages despite showing clear improvements. In recent years there has been a trend towards local anaesthesia in perioperative care due to the proven advantages and range of possibilities. Several working groups have developed methods for the sonographic identification of nerves or the epidural space and to an exact placing of needles or catheters from the information obtained. In this way the application of catheters and the injection of local anaesthetic agents can be carried out in an accurate and controlled manner. Although sonography is a procedure which has been used in local anaesthesia for over 10 years, there are at present only few practising local anaesthetists who can use this method. However, interest in this method is growing especially due to the aspect of quality assurance. Organising committees have established that this method will be the future direction. Perhaps even the prediction of Alon P. Winnie for ultrasound-guided local anaesthesia will become true: "Sooner or later someone will make a sufficiently close examination of the anatomy involved, so that exact techniques will be developed."

Anesthesia, Conduction↗